The Use of Electrostatic Field to Improve Soybean Seed Germination in Organic Production

Soybean production in the system of organic agriculture is not very demanding, and this has been well documented both through experimental results and commercial production. However, one of the biggest problems in organic production is the lack of adequate pre-sowing treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of the electrostatic field. This is a physical treatment that was first used for seed treatment in the 18th century but has mostly been neglected since then. Seeds of five soybean genotypes with differently colored seed coats (yellow, green, dark green, brown, and black) were included in this study. The seeds were exposed to different values of direct current (DC) with the following voltages: 0 V (control), 3 V, 6 V, and 9 V, to which the seeds were exposed for 0 min (control), 1 min, and 3 min. After exposing the seeds to the electric field, the physiological properties of seeds and seedlings at the first stage of growth were evaluated. The results show that the effect of the electrostatic field on seed quality depends on the genotype, voltage, and exposure time. The application of DC can be a suitable method for improving seed germination and the initial growth of soybean seedlings. In addition, the results indicate that it is necessary to adjust the DC treatment (voltage and duration of exposure of seeds) to particular genotypes since inadequate treatments may reduce the quality of seeds.

Download Full-text

Priming seed mitigates the effects of saline stress in soybean seedlings

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-469 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Miladinov ◽

I. Maksimovic ◽

V. Djordjevic ◽

S. Baleseviæ-Tubic ◽

P. Canak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Soybean Seedlings

Seed germination and seedling growth are the most sensitive plant stages towards salinity. Various techniques can improve emergence and stand formation under salt conditions. Seeds priming is one of the most frequently used technique. Seed priming could develop different defence mechanisms of seeds against salinity stress. This experiment aims to examine the seed priming into potassium nitrate - KNO3 (1%), ascorbic acid – ASA (100mgl-1), and potassium chloride - KCl (1%) solutions, that may reduce harmful effects of salinity stress. Salinity was imposed by treatment of seeds with different concentrations of NaCl (0 (control), 50, 100, 200m MNaCl). All data were analysed statistically by three-way ANOVA. Individual testing of probability was carried out using Tukey’s method p £ 0.05 and p £ 0.01. Correlation dependence was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Test results demonstrated positive effect of seed priming. This was showed by improved soybean seed quality and increased seed germination rate. The intensity of lipid peroxidation, free proline concentration and Na+ was decreased, while K+ in seedlings increased due to priming treatment. Priming of seeds into ASA solution resulted in increased vitamin C concentration, while priming into KNO3 and ÊCl solutions reduced the content of vitamin Ñ in soybean seedlings.

Download Full-text

Effects of Purple Seed Stain on Seed Quality and Composition in Soybean

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9080993 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Richard E. Turner ◽

M. Wayne Ebelhar ◽

Teresa Wilkerson ◽

Nacer Bellaloui ◽

Bobby R. Golden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Market Price ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Seed Composition ◽

Infected Seed ◽

Purple Seed Stain

Purple seed stain disease, caused by (Cercospora kukuchii), is a major concern in soybean (Glycine max (L.)) in Mississippi, USA, due to its effects on seed quality, reducing soybean seed grade and potential market price at elevators. Therefore, investigating the effects of purple seed stain (PSS) on seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (nutrition) is critical. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PSS on seed harvest index, seed germination, seed vigor, and seed composition components (protein, oil, fatty acids, and sugars). A field experiment was initiated in 2019 in Stoneville, MS, at the Delta Research and Extension Center (DREC) on a Commerce silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Fluventic Epiaquepts). Soybean variety Credenz 4748 LL was used. The results showed that infected (symptomatic) seed had a 5.5% greater Seed Index (based on 100 seed weight) when compared to non-infected (non-symptomatic, as control) seed. Non-infected seed had greater percent germination and seedling vigor when compared to infected seed. Germination was 30.9% greater and vigor was 58.3% greater in non-infected seed. Also, the results showed that infected seed with PSS had higher protein content and some amino acids. No changes in total oil and fatty acids. Sucrose and stachyose were lower in infected seed than in non-infected seed. The research showed that PSS impacted seed health and seed quality (germination and vigor) and seed composition (protein, sugars, and some amino acids). Purple stained seed should be avoided when planting and should be managed properly as low germination is a potential risk. Planting population should be adjusted accordingly due to lack of germination and vigor if PSS is present. This research help growers for purple seed management, and scientists to further understand the potential negative impact on seed quality and nutrition. Further research is needed before conclusive recommendations are made.

Download Full-text

Specifics of soybean seed production and processing in 2019

Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture ◽

10.5937/jpea24-28860 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 85-88

Author(s):

Miladin Kostić ◽

Vojin Đukić ◽

Aleksandar Ilić ◽

Danka Dujović ◽

Velimir Lončarević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seed Processing ◽

The One ◽

Very High

The soybean harvest in 2019 began at the end of August. The quality of the natural seed was very high. The moisture content of the harvested seeds ranged from 7.1 % to 14.1 %. Thanks to this humidity, there was no need to dry the seeds, which is very important given the fact that drying soybeans can reduce the quality. Seed germination ranged between 82 % and 96 %. It should be noted that 97 % of seeds were harvested with germination greater than 85 % while about 65 % of seeds had germination above 90 %. The weight of 1000 grains averaged about 160 g. Soybean seed processing started on time and without major problems. The purity of the processed seed was on average 99.4 %. Of the total amount of processed seeds, about 72 % of seeds had germination greater than 85 %. The achieved seed quality was better compared to the one in 2018.

Download Full-text

Semi-automated Phenotyping of Soybean Seedlings and Its Relation With Physiological Seed Quality

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jackson Araújo da Silva ◽

André Dantas de Medeiros ◽

Daniel Teixeira Pinheiro ◽

Marcio Dias Pereira ◽

Laércio Junio da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Primary Root ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Cold Test ◽

Research Field ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Vigor Index

The development of procedures enabling agility and effectiveness to the analyses of seed vigor are great advances for the seed research field. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of the Seedling Analysis System (SAPL®) to seedling phenotyping and determining the physiological potential of soybean seeds, in comparison with the information provided by traditional vigor tests recommended for this species. The characterizing of physiological potential of the seed lots was carried out based on germination tests, first germination count, seedling emergence, cold test, and electrical conductivity. The results of these tests were compared with the data obtained using image analysis with the software SAPL®, which was used to evaluate the development seven- day old seedlings. It was obtained the length of shoot, primary root and entire seedling, growth rates, uniformity, vigor index and corrected vigor index, based on different variations of the growth/uniformity ratio, namely 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, in the vigor index calculation. Analysis of images of the seven-day old seedlings using SAPL® enables phenotyping of soybean seedlings and is a consistent and promising alternative for identifying differences in vigor between soybean seed lots, equivalent to that found with traditional vigor tests.

Download Full-text

Enhanced attachment of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to soybean through reduced root colonization of internally seedborne microorganisms

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w00-030 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 600-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Nathan W Oehrle ◽

Dale B Karr ◽

Robert J Kremer ◽

David W Emerich

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Root Tip ◽

Surface Sterilization ◽

Soybean Seedlings

Internally seedborne microorganisms are those surviving common surface sterilization procedures. Such microbes often colonize the radicle surface of a germinating soybean (Glycine max) seed, introducing an undefined parameter into studies on attachment and infection by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Bacterial isolates from surface-sterilized soybean seed, cv. Williams 82 and cv. Maverick, used in our studies, were identified as Agrobacterium radiobacter, Aeromonas sp., Bacillus spp., Chryseomonas luteola, Flavimonas oryzihabitans, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. Growth of these microbes during seed germination was reduced by treating germinating seeds with 500 µg/mL penicillin G. The effects of this antibiotic on seedling development and on B. japonicum 2143 attachment, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation are reported here. Penicillin G treatment of seeds did not reduce seed germination or root tip growth, or affect seedling development. No differences in nodulation kinetics, nitrogen fixation onset or rates were observed. However, the number of B. japonicum attached to treated intact seedlings was enhanced 200-325%, demonstrating that other root-colonizing bacteria can interfere with rhizobial attachment. Penicillin G treatment of soybean seedlings can be used to reduce the root colonizing microbes, which introduce an undefined parameter into studies of attachment of B. japonicum to the soybean root, without affecting plant development.Key words: internally seedborne microorganisms, penicillin G, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, microbial attachment, soybean (Glycine max).

Download Full-text

Seed quality response of soybean to weed control timing using glyphosate

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-225 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 1213-1219

Author(s):

S. Y. C. Essah ◽

U. R. Bishnoi

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cold Test ◽

Southeast United States ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Quality Response

Field and laboratory studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998 in the southeast United States to determine the influence of timing of glyphosate application on seed germination (standard germination and germination index) and vigor (cold test emergence, accelerated aged emergence, and seed conductivity) of three glyphosate-resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars that belong to different maturity groups (MG). The soybean cultivars used were H4994 (MG IV — early maturing), H5164 (MG V — medium maturing) and H6686 (MG VI — late maturing). Weeds were controlled by glyphosate applied at 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 wk after soybean emergence (WAE). Using glyphosate to control weeds at 5 WAE or later in the early- and medium-maturing cultivars (H4994 and H5164) results in soybean plants able to produce seeds with more vigor and germinability than when weeds are removed earlier. For late-maturing cultivar H6686, weed control at 4 WAE produces seeds with higher germination and vigor than when weeds are removed later. Key words: Glyphosate, weed control timing, soybean, seed germination and vigor, weed dry weight

Download Full-text

Alleviation Of zinnia elegans Jacq. Seed Deterioration Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Acids

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.2478/eces-2014-0024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 309-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dorota Szopińska

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Organic Production ◽

Before And After ◽

Mean Germination Time ◽

Lactic Acids ◽

Initial Infestation

Abstract The decrease of seed quality during storage is strongly associated with damage caused by free radicals. Some compounds of natural origin, known due to their antioxidative and antifungal properties, may be potentially used in organic production for seed treatment as an alternative to pesticides. The aim of the experiment was to study an ability of hydrogen peroxide and organic acid to improve germination, vigour and health of non-deteriorated and deteriorated zinnia seeds. Two seed samples, cv. Illumination and Orys, varying in initial infestation with fungi were tested. For deterioration seeds were kept at 30°C and 80% RH for 30 days. Seed quality tests were performed before and after deterioration for controls and seeds soaked in 3.0% hydrogen peroxide solution and in 1.0 and 5.0% solutions of ascorbic and lactic acids for 10, 30 and 60 min. The controls were untreated seeds, seeds soaked in 0.2% solution of Kaptan zawiesinowy 50 WP for 30 min and seeds soaked in distilled water for 10, 30 and 60 min. Treating zinnia seeds with organic acids more significantly affected seed germination and health after deterioration than before, and improvement of germination capacity was usually correlated with decrease of the percentage of abnormal diseased seedlings. Deterioration had no influence on mean germination time, whereas in particular cases treating seeds with hydrogen peroxide and organic acids negatively affected this parameter. After deterioration regardless of treatment increased number of seeds free from fungi. Lactic acid followed by hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid effectively limited growth of A. alternata, A. zinnia and Fusarium spp. on zinnia seeds, however at higher concentration negatively affected seed germination and vigour. Moreover, treating seeds with hydrogen peroxide and organic acids many a time increased seeds infestation with B. cinerea.

Download Full-text

Effects of Harvest-Aid Herbicides on Soybean (Glycine max) Seed Yield and Quality

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00034837 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sunil Ratnayake ◽

David R. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Primary Root ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Normal Seedling ◽

Harvest Aid ◽

Ac 263,222 ◽

Soybean Plants

Experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to investigate the influence of 220 g ai ha–1AC 263,222, 840 g ai ha-4glufosinate, 560 g ai ha–1glyphosate, and 840 g ai ha–1paraquat applied at R5, R6, R7, and R8 soybean growth stages as harvest-aid treatments on soybean seed quality. Soybean yield was severely reduced by all herbicides applied at R5. Only paraquat and glufosinate reduced soybean yield when applied at R6, and none of the herbicides reduced yield when applied at R7 or R8. Paraquat and glufosinate reduced seed weight when applied at RS and R6. Glyphosate and AC 263,222 reduced seed germination when applied at RS, R6, and R7 growth stages, and normal seedling percentages were also reduced by glyphosate at these growth stages. Glufosinate and AC 263,222 affected normal seedlings only at R5 and R6. Soybean hypocotyl and primary root lengths were reduced by glyphosate and AC 263,222 applications at R5 and R6, whereas glufosinate and paraquat did not affect these variables. Glyphosate applied at R5 reduced shoot weight in 1-mo-old soybean plants. No effects were observed on soybean yield, seed germination or seedling development when herbicides were applied at R8.

Download Full-text