scholarly journals Effect of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Quinoa Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Saddiq ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change scenarios predict that an extended period of drought is a real threat to food security, emphasizing the need for new crops that tolerate these conditions. Quinoa is the best option because it has the potential to grow under water deficit conditions. There is considerable variation in drought tolerance in quinoa genotypes, and the selection of drought-tolerant quinoa germplasms is of great interest. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the crop yield and characterize the physiology of 20 quinoa genotypes grown under water deficit in a wirehouse. The experiment was a complete randomized design (CRD) factorial with three replications. Seedling growth, i.e., fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), relative growth rate of root length (RGR-RL), shoot length (RGR-SL), and physiological performance, i.e., chlorophyll content (a and b), carotenoid, leaf phenolic content, leaf proline content, membrane stability index (MSI), and leaf K+ accumulation were evaluated in a hydroponic culture under different water-deficit levels developed by PEG 6000 doses (w/v) of 0% (control), 0.3%, and 0.6%. Yield attributes were evaluated in a pot at three different soil moisture levels, as determined by soil gravimetric water holding capacity (WHC) of 100 (control), 50% WHC (50 % drought stress) and 25% WHC (75% stress). In both experiments, under the water stress condition, the growth (hydroponic study) and yield traits (pot study) were significantly reduced compared to control treatments. On the drought tolerance index (DTI) based on seed yield, genotype 16 followed by 10, 1, 4, 5, 7, and 12 could be considered drought-tolerant genotypes that produced maximum grain yield and improved physiological characteristics under severe water stress conditions in hydroponic culture. In both studies, genotypes 3, 8, 13, and 20 performed poorly and were considered drought-sensitive genotypes with the lowest DTI values under water-stressed conditions. All the studied agronomic traits (grain yield, root and shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights) and physiological traits (leaf phenolic, proline content, carotenoid, K+ accumulation, membrane stability index, and relative water content) were firmly inter-correlated and strongly correlated with DTI. They can be regarded as screening criteria, employing a large set of quinoa genotypes in a breeding program.

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Agromorphological and Physiological Traits in Different Gene Pools of Common Bean Subjected to Water Deficit

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Mendonça Arruda ◽  
Vânia Moda-Cirino ◽  
Alessandra Koltun ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Getúlio Takashi Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Group I

Water stress is one of the main limiting factors for common bean crops, negatively affecting grain yield and seed quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inheritance of agromorphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance in order to identify promising combinations. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a partial diallel scheme between three drought-tolerant genotypes (IAPAR 81, BAT 477. and SEA 5), and nine cultivars widely grown in Brazil (BRS Estilo, IAC Alvorada, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Uirapuru, IPR Nhambu, BRS Esteio, IPR Garça, BRS Radiante, and DRK 18), in a randomized block design with four replicates. The plants were grown in pots with substrate under 80% of pot capacity until they reached the stage R5, when water supply was restricted to 30% for 20 days in the pots under stress treatment. A wide variability for the agromorphological and physiological traits was observed. Water deficit reduced plant performance for most agromorphological traits and altered their physiological metabolism. Additive and non-additive effects are involved in the genetic control of the majority of agromorphological and physiological traits both under water stress and control (well-watered) conditions. The parental genotypes BAT 477 (group I) and IAC Alvorada, IPR Uirapuru, and BRS Esteio (group II) may be included in breeding programs aiming at improving drought tolerance in common bean since they present high positive general combining abilities for agromorphological traits. The crosses IAPAR 81 × IPR Campos Gerais, and SEA 5 × BRS Radiante resulted in the best combinations considering grain yield per plant and total dry biomass, when cultivated under water deficit.

scholarly journals Simulation of in vitro water deficit for selecting drought-tolerant banana genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1301-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Lichs Marssaro ◽  
Lucymeire Souza Morais-Lino ◽  
Jailson Lopes Cruz ◽  
Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo ◽  
Janay Almeida dos Santos-Serejo
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine a method to simulate water stress in vitro to select drought-tolerant banana (Musa sp.) genotypes. The BRS Tropical and Prata Anã cultivars were grown in vitro in an MS liquid medium containing sucrose and benzylaminopurine (BAP), supplemented with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or sorbitol. The yield stability index of dry matter was evaluated. Cultivation for 30 days in a medium containing 15 g L-1 PEG or 36.4 g L-1 sorbitol is appropriate to simulate water stress in vitro.

Effect of morpho-physiological traits on grain yield of sorghum grown under stress at different growth stages, and stability analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANKARAPANDIAN ◽  
S. AUDILAKSHMI ◽  
V. SHARMA ◽  
K. GANESAMURTHY ◽  
H. S. TALWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Growth Stages

SUMMARYRecent trends in climate change resulting in global warming and extreme dry spells during rainy seasons are having a negative impact on grain and fodder production in rain-fed crops in India. Understanding the mechanisms of drought tolerance at various growth stages will help in developing tolerant genotypes. Crosses were made between elite and drought-tolerant sorghums, and F2and F3progenies were evaluated for drought tolerance in multiple locations. Twenty-five F4/F5derivatives along with drought-tolerant check plants (two high-yielding genotypes showing moderate drought tolerance: C43 (male parent of the commercial hybrid CSH 16, tolerant to drought) and CSV 17, (a pure line commercial cultivar released for drought-prone areas) were screened for drought tolerance under a factorial randomized block design with three replications during the rain-free months of April–June in 2007 and 2008 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kovilpatti, India. In each generation/year, four trials were conducted and water stress at different phases of crop growth,viz. vegetative, flowering and post-flowering (maturity), was imposed by withholding irrigation. Observations were recorded on grain and straw yields, plant height, number of roots, root length, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance under all treatments. The traits, grain yield, plant height, average root length and stomatal conductance showed significant mean sums of squares (SSs) for genotype × environment (G × E), suggesting that genotypes had significant differential response to the changing environments. Significant mean SSs due to G × E (linear) were obtained for straw yield, LRWC and chlorophyll content, indicating that the variability is partly genetic and partly influenced by environment. Grain yield was correlated with chlorophyll content (r = 0·43) at the vegetative stage, with number of roots (r = 0·49), LRWC (r = 0·51), chlorophyll content (r = 0·46) and stomatal conductance (r = −0·51) at the pre-flowering stage, and with LRWC (r = 0·50) and stomatal conductance (r = −0·40) at the post-flowering stage, under water stress. Partial least square (PLS) analysis showed that different traits were important for grain yield under water stress at different growth stages. Pyramiding the genes for the traits responsible for high grain yield under stress will help in developing stable genotypes at different stages of plant growth.

scholarly journals DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF THE NEW SELF-POLLINATED LINES OF MAIZE AND THE METHODS OF ITS ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
G.Ya. Krivosheev ◽  
◽  
N.A. Shevchenko ◽  
A.S. Ignatiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Tolerance Index

More than half of the maize crops in the Russian Federation are located in areas with insufficient and unstable moisture. With this in mind, Z. mays breeding for drought tolerance is extremely important. The purpose of the current study is: investigate the drought tolerance of self-pollinated maize lines by various methods, identify the best samples for further breeding, establish indirect criteria for estimating drought tolerance. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” located in the southern part of the Rostov region, which is characterized by unstable moisture. The years of the study turned out to be dry (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) = 0.32–0.89). The new self-pollinated lines of maize were used as initial material and studied for resistance to water stress (41 pcs. in 2011–2013, 39 pcs. in 2015–2017, 25 pcs. in 2018–2020). According to the guidelines for maize breeding, the following indicators of productivity were taken into account: number of ears per plant, weight of one ear, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per ear, etc. In 2011–2013, based on the comprehensive estimation, new middle-early drought-tolerant self-pollinated lines of maize ‘DK47111’, ‘SP203’, ‘KS211’, ‘S204’ and ‘S238’ were identified. They were characterized by the low values of residual water deficit both in the flowering (6.9 – 12.8%) and milk-wax (9.0 – 13.4%) stage, high drought tolerance index (68.6 – 85.6%), deep root system (force of uprooting the plants from the ground was 54.0–67.7 kgf), minimum gap in the flowering of male and female inflorescences (1–2 days). In 2015–2017, according to the method of residual water deficit (RWD), the following lines were identified ‘KV334’, ‘RD6’, ‘DS498/217-4’, ‘DS257/85-3’, ‘DS257/85-1’, ‘DS257/85-6’, ‘DS257/85-4’. In 2018–2020, the new self-pollinated lines of maize ‘KS317A’, ‘KV240’, ‘LSh16’, ‘S86’, ‘LSh17’ and ‘LSh2’ showed high resistance to water stress. We recommend the following selection criteria when creating new lines: absence of infertility and kernel percentage of the ears.

scholarly journals DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN INTERVARIETAL MAIZE HYBRIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
DANIEL SARTO ROCHA ◽  
CINTHIA SOUZA RODRIGUES ◽  
PAULO BOLLER GALLO ◽  
MARCELO TICELLI ◽  
MARIA ELISA AYRES GUIDETTI ZAGATTO PATERNIANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Female Flowering

ABSTRACT In the period of planting of second-season maize, there is high climatic instability with greater probability of occurrence of water deficit. This is one of the factors that most cause reduction in maize grain yield. In this context, the aim was to identify stable, irrigation-responsive and drought-tolerant maize genotypes. The experiments were conducted in Mococa / SP and Tatuí / SP, at Instituto Agronômico, in two assays, one under full irrigation conditions and the other under water stress. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 3 replicates. Male flowering, female flowering, plant height, ear height, hectoliter weight, one hundred grain weight and grain yield were evaluated. Joint analysis of variance and stability analysis were performed by the GGEBiplot method. Significant genotype and site effects were observed for all traits. Significant effects of genotype x site interaction were found for all traits except ear height and male flowering. The characteristics most affected by water deficit were male flowering, plant and ear heights and grain yield. Genotypes F2 BM709 x PopTol 2, IAC 46 x PopTol 2, F2 30K75 x PopTol 3 and F2 BM709 x PopTol 3 are considered ideotypes because of their high grain yield, phenotypic plasticity and drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION ON YIELD, RELATIVE LEAF WATER CONTENT, LEAF PROLINE ACCUMULATION AND CHLOROPHYLL STABILITY INDEX OF COTTON–MAIZE CROPPING SEQUENCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SAMPATHKUMAR ◽  
B. J. PANDIAN ◽  
P. JEYAKUMAR ◽  
P. MANICKASUNDARAM
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Stability Index ◽  
Soil Moisture Gradient

SUMMARYWater stress induces some physiological changes in plants and has cumulative effects on crop growth and yield. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) on yield and some physiological parameters in cotton and maize in a sequential cropping system. Creation of soil moisture gradient is indispensable to explore the beneficial effects of partial root zone drying (PRD) irrigation and it could be possible only through alternate deficit irrigation (ADI) practice in paired row system of drip layout that is commonly practiced in India. In the present study, PRD and DI concepts (creation of soil moisture gradient) were implemented through ADI at two levels of irrigation using drip system. Maize was sown after cotton under no till condition without disturbing the raised bed and drip layout. Relative leaf water content (RLWC) and chlorophyll stability index (CSI) of cotton and maize were reduced under water stress. A higher level of leaf proline content was observed under severe water-stressed treatments in cotton and maize. RLWC and CSI were highest and leaf proline content was lowest in mild water deficit (ADI at 100% crop evapotranspiration once in three days) irrigation in cotton and maize. The same treatments registered higher values for crop yields, net income and benefit cost ratio for both the crops.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Chachar ◽  
N. A. Chachar ◽  
Q.I. Chachar ◽  
S.M Mujtaba ◽  
G.A Chachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Climate change is emerging phenomena and causing frequent drought which lead to scaricity of water, which ultimately nagetively affecting wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) yield all around the world. The aim of this study was to explore the potential deought tolerant wheat genotypes for candidate genes exploration. This study was conducted during the year 2014-2015 at Plant Physiology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA) Tandojam. The six wheat genotypes (cv. MT-1/13, MT-2/13, MT-3/13, MT-4/13 Chakwal-86 and Khirman) were investigated for their response at germination and seedling stage under different water stress treatments (0, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to genotypes revealed that genotype Chakwal-86 shows maximum seed germination (82.58 %), while the genotype Khirman shows maximum shoot length  (7.23 cm), root length  (15.1 cm), shoot fresh wt. (5.85 g 10-1shoots), root fresh wt.  (3.45 g 10-1roots), shoot dry wt. (1.33 g 10-1shoots), root dry wt. (0.69 g 10-1roots). Among the genotypes tested Khirman and MT-4/13 are the tolerant genotypes had the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas  MT-4/13 and Chakwal-86 were moderate tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the genotypes i.e. MT-1/13 and MT-2/13 are the sensitive genotypes under drought environment. It is concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the seed germination shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat genotypes. The maximum reduction was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa) significantly.

scholarly journals Selection of drought-tolerant rice varieties from the rice variety bank of Can Tho university

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Tin Q. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Rice Improvement

Drought has been a big problem and damaged seriously to rice cultivation and production in Vietnam and the Mekong Delta region; evaluating drought tolerance of rice is a major objective for the rice improvement programmes in Can Tho University. Fifty-two collected rice varieties including resistant and susceptible control varieties were screened for water stress under the artificial drought condition. Marker RM223 was used to identify the drought tolerance genotypes for some selected varieties with good and moderate tolerant scores. After 30 days of water stress, the results were 6 varieties of good tolerant, 8 varieties of moderate tolerance, 36 varieties of moderately susceptible and 2 varieties of susceptible to drought. Analyses of PCR showed that 10 varieties expressed the similar bands with the resistant control variety. Four varieties (LH8, MTL812, Lua Canh and VB1) with good tolerant to drought were recommended to use for genetic materials of rice breeding program and applying in alternative wetting and drying irrigation technique for rice cultivation.

scholarly journals Exploration of physiological and biochemical processes of canola with exogenously applied fertilizers and plant growth regulators under drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260960
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahran Aslam ◽  
Fozia Farhat ◽  
Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui ◽  
Shafquat Yasmeen ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Contents

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regimes (60, 100, 120, 150 mm evaporations). Water stress enhanced peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline contents as well as leaf temperature while substantially reduced leaf water contents (21%), stomatal conductance (50%), chlorophyll contents (10–67%), membrane stability index (24%) and grain yield (30%) of canola. However, the combined application of NPK and PGR further increased the enzymatic antioxidant pool, soluble sugars, along with recovery of leaf water contents, chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and membrane stability index but decreased the proline contents and leaf temperature at different rate of evaporation. There is positive interaction of applied elicitors to the water stress in canola except leaf area. The outcomes depicted that the combination of NPK with PGRs improved the various morpho-physiological as well as biochemical parameters and reduced the pressure of chemical fertilizers cost about 60%. It had also reduced the deleterious effect of water limitation on the physiology and grain yield and oil contents of canola in field experiments.

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