scholarly journals Atmospheric Ammonia Affects Myofiber Development and Lipid Metabolism in Growing Pig Muscle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanlong Tang ◽  
Jingjing Xie ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Weida Wu ◽  
Bao Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Myhc Isoforms ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Ammonia Exposure

Ammonia, an aerial pollutant in animal facilities, affects animal health. Recent studies showed that aerial ammonia negatively impacts meat quality but the mechanism remains unknown. To understand how ammonia drives its adverse effects on pig meat quality, 18 crossbred gilts were exposed to 0, 10 or 25 mg/m3 ammonia for 25 days. Ammonia exposure increased fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle, and meat color got lighter after 25 mg/m3 ammonia exposure. Analysis of MyHC isoforms showed an increased MyHC IIx but decreased MyHC I after ammonia exposure. Besides, muscular glutamine decreased significantly as aerial ammonia increased. Although hyperammonemia was reported to upregulate MSTN and inhibit downstream mTOR pathway, no changes have been found in the mRNA expression level of MSTN and protein expression level of mTOR signal pathway after ammonia exposure. RNA-Seq showed that 10 mg/m3 ammonia exposure altered genes related to myofiber development (MyoD1, MyoG), whereas 25 mg/m3 ammonia affected genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation (SCD, FADS1, FASN, ACADL). Collectively, our findings showed aerial ammonia exposure appears to regulate myofiber development and lipid metabolism in the skeletal muscle, which results in the negative impacts on meat quality in pigs.

scholarly journals Di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) Alters Transcriptional Profiles, Lipid Metabolism and Behavior in Zebrafish Larvae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Saad ◽  
Ceyhun Bereketoglu ◽  
Ajay Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Plasticizers are commonly used in different consumer goods and personal care products to provide flexibility, durability and elasticity to polymers. Due to their reported toxicity, the use of several plasticizers including phthalates has been regulated and/or banned from the market. Di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) is an alternative plasticizer that was introduced to replace toxic plasticizers. Increasing global demand and lack of information regarding toxicity and safety assessment of DINCH have raised the concern to human and animal health. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the adverse effects of DINCH (at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 μM) in early developmental stages of zebrafish using different endpoints such as hatching rate, developmental abnormalities, lipid metabolism, behavior analysis and gene expression. We found that DINCH caused hatching delay in a dose-dependent manner and altered the expression of genes involved in stress response. Lipid staining using Oil Red O stain showed a slight lipid accumulation around the yolk, brain, eye and neck with increasing concentration. Genes associated with lipid metabolism such as fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation, elongation, lipid transport were significantly altered by DINCH. Behavioral analysis of larvae demonstrated a distinct locomotor activity including distance and acceleration upon exposure to DINCH both in light and dark. Genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis were also affected by DINCH indicating possible developmental neurotoxicity. The present data shows that DINCH could induce physiological and metabolic toxicity to aquatic organisms. Hence, further analyses and environmental monitoring on DINCH should be conducted to determine its safety and toxicity levels.

scholarly journals EgmiR5179 Regulates Lipid Metabolism by Targeting EgMADS16 in the Mesocarp of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Jixin Zou ◽  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Yusheng Zheng ◽  
Dongdong Li
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay

EgMADS16, one of the MADS-box transcription factors in oil palm, has a high expression level in the late fruit development of the oil palm fruit mesocarp. At the same time, it is also predicted to be the target gene of EgmiR5179, which has been identified in previous research. In this paper, we focused on the function and regulatory mechanism of the EgMADS16 gene in oil palm lipid metabolism. The results indicated that the transcription level of EgMADS16 was highest in the fourth stage, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay proved that the EgMADS16 expression level was downregulated by EgmiR5179. In both the OXEgMADS16 Arabidopsis seeds and oil palm embryonic calli, the total lipid contents were significantly decreased, but the contents of C18:0 and C18:3 in OXEgMADS16 lines were significantly increased. As expected, EgmiR5179 weakened the inhibitory effect of EgMADS16 on the oil contents in transgenic Arabidopsis plants that coexpressed EgmiR5179 and EgMADS16 (OXEgmiR5179-EgMADS16). Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and BiFC analyses suggested that there was an interaction between the EgMADS16 protein and EgGLO1 protein, which had been proven to be capable of regulating fatty acid synthesis in our previous research work. In summary, a model of the molecular mechanism by which miRNA5179 targets EgMADS16 to regulate oil biosynthesis was hypothesized, and the research results provide new insight into lipid accumulation and molecular regulation in oil palm.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Expression of MyHC Isoforms and Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Wild and Domestic Pigs

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Vrecl ◽  
Marko Cotman ◽  
Matjaž Uršič ◽  
Marjeta Čandek-Potokar ◽  
Gregor Fazarinc
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Myhc Isoforms ◽  
Age Dependent

This study aimed to compare age-dependent changes in the relative expression of genes encoding myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms and selected lipid metabolism-related genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of wild pigs (WPs) and domestic pigs (DPs). Muscles sampled from postnatal day one as well as three-week-old and two-year-old animals were used in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, histological evaluations of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and intra-myofiber lipid (IMFL) assessment. Expression of the MyHC isoforms displayed the most extensive age- and breed-dependent changes within the first three postnatal weeks. The MyHCembry level decreased significantly faster in the WPs than in the DPs. The relative MyHC-I and -IIa expression was significantly higher in the WPs, and MyHC-IIb was substantially higher in the DPs. The differences in MyHC expression corroborated the number of SDH-positive myofibers and IMFLs. Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes displayed only age-related variations. In summary, the evidence is provided for accelerated postnatal myofiber transformation directed towards oxidative myofibers in WPs. The SDH activity/staining intensity largely reflected the expression of MyHCs, and not genes involved in lipid uptake and utilization.

scholarly journals PSII-22 Comparison of the meat quality traits of crossbred pigs and the Large Black pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 241-242
Author(s):  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Keshari Thakali ◽  
Sarah Shelby ◽  
Jason Apple ◽  
Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
A Value ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
C Value ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the meat quality and genomic differences between cross-bred commercial pig (CP) and domestic Large Black pig (BP). Seven cross-bred commercial pigs and eight British Large Black pigs were assigned to CP group and BP group, with initial mean body weights of 18.82±1.412 kg for CP group and 23.31±1.935 kg for BP group, P = 0.061, and fed ad libitum. The final BW of the CP at d101 was similar to the BP (130.0±8.16 kg vs. 121.1±2.80 kg, P = 0.132). However, the BP group took 108 days to reach the final BW. The ADG in the CP was higher than BP (1.102±0.0599 kg vs. 0.905±0.0138 kg, P = 0.003). The hot carcass weight of CP was higher (P < 0.01) than BP, but the backfat of BP was higher (P < 0.01) than CP. The a* value of CP was higher (P < 0.05) than BP, and the c* value of CP was tended to be higher (P < 0.10) than BP. However, the h value of BP was higher (P < 0.05) than CP. The longissimus dorsi muscle fat content of BP was higher (P < 0.05) than CP. For the fatty acid composition, the SFA and MUFA of BP were higher (P < 0.05) than CP, but the PUFA of CP was higher (P < 0.05) than BP. The metmyoglobin content of CP was tended to be higher (P < 0.10) than BP. For the meat metabolism, the oxygen consumption of longissimus dorsi muscle of BP was higher (P < 0.01) than CP. The RNA-Seq data showed that the expression of the genes related to lipid metabolism is higher in BP (fold change > 3, P < 0.05). To conclude, BP has higher meat quality, while CP has its advantages in growth performance. And the differences between these two breeds may due to the genomic diversity.

Effect of thiocarbamate, urea, and uracil herbicides on lipid metabolism in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rajasekharan ◽  
P. S. Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Choline Incorporation ◽  
Plant Lipids

The effect of thiocarbamates (S-ethyldipropylthiocarbamate and diallate), substituted ureas (monuron and diuron), and uracils (bromacil and terbacil) on lipid metabolism in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves was investigated under nonphotosynthetic conditions. The uptake of [1-14C]acetate by leaf disks was inhibited by the thiocarbamates and marginally by the substituted ureas, but not by the uracil herbicides. The uptake of [methyl-14C]choline was inhibited to a lesser extent by thiocarbamates, while the other herbicides showed a slight stimulation. The thiocarbamates almost completely inhibited uptake of [32P]orthophosphate at 1.0 mM concentration, while diuron and terbacil showed significant inhibition. [1-14C]Acetate incorporation into lipids was inhibited only by diallate. [methyl-14C]Choline incorporation into the choline phosphoglycerides was inhibited by diallate, diuron, and bromacil. The incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phospholipids was substantially inhibited (over 90% at 1.0 mM) by the thiocarbamates, but not by the other herbicides. [35S]Sulfate incorporation into sulfoquinovosyl diglycerides was markedly inhibited only by the thiocarbamates. Fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts was inhibited 40–85% by thiocarbamates, substituted ureas, and bromacil, but not by terbacil. The inhibitory effect of the urea derivatives was reversible, but that of thiocarbamates was irreversible. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s) of the chloroplast and microsomal fractions were profoundly inhibited by thiocarbamates, but not by the other two groups of herbicides. Phosphatidic acid phosphatase was insensitive to all the herbicides tested.Key words: herbicides, thiocarbamates, substituted ureas, uracils, effects on plant lipids.

scholarly journals Direct Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) by PF-06409577 Inhibits Flavivirus Infection through Modification of Host Cell Lipid Metabolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereida Jiménez de Oya ◽  
Ana-Belén Blázquez ◽  
Josefina Casas ◽  
Juan-Carlos Saiz ◽  
Miguel A. Martín-Acebes
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Cell Lipid

ABSTRACT Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are a group of RNA viruses that constitute global threats for human and animal health. Replication of these pathogens is strictly dependent on cellular lipid metabolism. We have evaluated the effect of the pharmacological activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of lipid metabolism, on the infection of three medically relevant flaviviruses, namely, West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). WNV is responsible for recurrent outbreaks of meningitis and encephalitis, affecting humans and horses worldwide. ZIKV has caused a recent pandemic associated with birth defects (microcephaly), reproductive disorders, and severe neurological complications (Guillain-Barré syndrome). DENV is the etiological agent of the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease, which can induce a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. Our results showed, for the first time, that activation of AMPK using the specific small molecule activator PF-06409577 reduced WNV, ZIKV, and DENV infection. This antiviral effect was associated with an impairment of viral replication due to the modulation of host cell lipid metabolism exerted by the compound. These results support that the pharmacological activation of AMPK, which currently constitutes an important pharmacological target for human diseases, could also provide a feasible approach for broad-spectrum host-directed antiviral discovery.

scholarly journals The Heavy Metals in Agrosystems and Impact on Health and Quality of Life

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Tutic ◽  
Srecko Novakovic ◽  
Mitar Lutovac ◽  
Rade Biocanin ◽  
Sonja Ketin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Ionic Bonds ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Quality Surface

The metal is a chemical element that conducts electricity well and heat, and the nonferrous metals builds cations and ionic bonds. Heavy metals include metals whose density is higher than 5 g/cm3. The whole range of the metal is in the form of essential trace elements, essential for a number of functions in the human body, and its deficiency results in a lack of occurrence of a serious symptom. The best examples are anemia lack of iron, lack of chromium in diabetes, growth problems in lack of nickel. Other elements such as lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and molybdenum have been shown to exhibit large quantities of toxic effects. The paper examines the problem of heavy metals originating from agriculture on agroecosystems. This group of pollutants is considered the most important cause of degradation of soil quality, surface and groundwater and direct causal adverse effects on human and animal health. In order to complete the environmental monitoring of pollutants, these main categories, origins, and possible negative impacts of the basic principles of preventing their toxic effects were examined.

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