scholarly journals Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects the Antioxidant Response to Post-Hatch Thermal Exposure in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M. M. Saleh ◽  
Amneh H. Tarkhan ◽  
Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 4 ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Oxidative Function ◽  
Thermal Manipulation

Thermal stress is a major source of oxidative damage in the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the latter’s impaired metabolic function. While heat stress has been extensively studied in broilers, the effects of cold stress on broiler physiologic and oxidative function are still relatively unknown. The present study aimed to understand how thermal manipulation (TM) might affect a broiler’s oxidative response to post-hatch thermal stress in terms of the mRNA expression of the catalase, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) genes. During embryonic days 10 to 18, TM was carried out by raising the temperature to 39 °C at 65% relative humidity for 18 h/day. To induce heat stress, room temperature was raised from 21 to 35 °C during post-hatch days (PD) 28 to 35, while cold stress was induced during PD 32 to 37 by lowering the room temperature from 21 to 16 °C. At the end of the thermal stress periods, a number of chickens were euthanized to extract hepatic and splenic tissue from the heat-stressed group and cardiac, hepatic, muscular, and splenic tissue from the cold-stressed group. Catalase, NOX4, and SOD2 expression in the heart, liver, and spleen were decreased in TM chickens compared to controls after both cold and heat stress. In contrast, the expression levels of these genes in the breast muscles of the TM group were increased or not affected. Moreover, TM chicks possessed an increased body weight (BW) and decreased cloacal temperature (TC) compared to controls on PD 37. In addition, TM led to increased BW and lower TC after both cold and heat stress. Conclusively, our findings suggest that TM has a significant effect on the oxidative function of thermally stressed broilers.

scholarly journals Pertambahan Bobot Badan dan Waktu Pembusukan Daging Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Ekstrak Jaloh Dikombinasi dengan Kromium

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Sugito Sugito ◽  
Erdiansyah Rahmi ◽  
Azhari Azhari ◽  
M. Isa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The gain body weight and Spoilage of meat broiler which giving jaloh extract to combine with chromiumABSTRACT. A study was conducted on broiler chickens under heat stress to evaluate the effect of combined jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) extract with chromium mineral in the body weight, value of feed ratio conversion, and time to meat to become decomposed. Twenty four of 20-day old Cobb female broiler chickens were randomly assigned and divided to 4 treatment groups. Completely randomized design was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: 1) chickens given no heat stress and jaloh extract nor chromium (tCp); 2) chickens under heat stress without given jaloh extract nor chromium (Cp); 3) chickens under heat stress and given jaloh extract in 1.000 mg/lt drinking water (Cp+Ej); and 4) chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract in 1.000 mg/lt drinking water, and chromium in 1.000 ug/lt drinking water (Cp+Ej+Cr). Heat stress given was 33 ± 1oC of cage temperature during 4 hours per day within 15 days. Jaloh extract and chromium treatments in drinking water were given at 2 hour before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC and were stopped being given after 1 hour, when cage temperature back to room temperature. On the 16th day of the study chickens were measured before slaughtered. Samples obtained were chicken meat that taken from breast part (musculus pectoralis). The result suggested that either giving jaloh extract per se at the dose of 1.000 mg/lt in drinking water or combine it with chromium that given two hours before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC, can prevent chickens from decreasing their body weight, decreasing value of feed ratio convertion, and extending time to meat to become decomposed.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Dietary Betaine Fortifications on Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Blood Biochemistry, and Hematology of Broilers Exposed to Various Temperature Patterns

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Sagan ◽  
Abdullah H. Al-Yemni ◽  
Alaeldein M. Abudabos ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Al-Abdullatif ◽  
Elsayed O. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Stressed Group

Improving broilers’ production in the hot region is essential to overcome heat-stress challenges. The current experiment examined the effects of betaine’s fortification (0.0, 0.075, 0.10, and 0.15%) to broiler chickens during days 1–40 of age. The growth period was divided into the starter (1–18 d) and growing-finishing (19–40 d). During the starter period, there was no heat challenge, and all birds were kept under the same conditions. At 18 days of age, half of the birds were kept under thermos-neutral temperature (TN, 22–24 °C), while the other half were kept under high temperature (HT, 35 °C). However, the production efficiency factor (PEF) was the best (p < 0.05) for birds that received 0.10% betaine. Betaine fortification improved (p < 0.05 and 0.01) body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and production efficiency factor (PEF) in the cumulative finisher heat-stress challenge period (19–40 d). The best performance was achieved at 0.1% betaine fortification with 84 g gain, 4.6 points improvement in FCR, and 24 points improvements in PEF as compared to no betaine fortification. The heat-stressed group consumed less feed (239 g), gained less weight (179 g), converted feed less efficiently (2.6 points), and, as a result, had lower FEF (29 points) as compared to the TN group. Conclusively, heat challenge had a powerful effect on growth performance, meat characteristics, and blood parameters, especially during the grower-finisher period. Betaine fortification (0.1%) during heat stress reduced the negative impact on performance and improved production efficiency, suggesting that betaine is a useful nutritional tool under stress conditions that deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Identification of key Genes and Pathways Associated With Thermal Stress in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Holstein Dairy Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Fang ◽  
Ling Kang ◽  
Zaheer Abbas ◽  
Lirong Hu ◽  
Yumei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Key Genes

The objectives of the present study were to identify key genes and biological pathways associated with thermal stress in Chinese Holstein dairy cattle. Hence, we constructed a cell-model, applied various molecular biology experimental techniques and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 55 candidate genes were screened from published literature and the IPA database to examine its regulation under cold (25°C) or heat (42°C) stress in PBMCs. We identified 29 (3 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated) and 41 (15 up-regulated and 26 down-regulated) significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold change ≥ 1.2-fold and P &lt; 0.05) after cold and heat stress treatments, respectively. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses confirmed that major biological processes and pathways associated with thermal stress include protein folding and refolding, protein phosphorylation, transcription factor binding, immune effector process, negative regulation of cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, estrogen signaling pathway, pathways related to cancer, PI3K- Akt signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Based on validation at the cellular and individual levels, the mRNA expression of the HIF1A gene showed upregulation during cold stress and the EIF2A, HSPA1A, HSP90AA1, and HSF1 genes showed downregulation after heat exposure. The RT-qPCR and western blot results revealed that the HIF1A after cold stress and the EIF2A, HSPA1A, HSP90AA1, and HSF1 after heat stress had consistent trend changes at the cellular transcription and translation levels, suggesting as key genes associated with thermal stress response in Holstein dairy cattle. The cellular model established in this study with PBMCs provides a suitable platform to improve our understanding of thermal stress in dairy cattle. Moreover, this study provides an opportunity to develop simultaneously both high-yielding and thermotolerant Chinese Holstein cattle through marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals The assessment of human bioclimate of Vranje health resort (Serbia) based on Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) with the focus on extreme biothermal conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
Milica Pecelj ◽  
Anna Błażejczyk ◽  
Nemanja Vagić ◽  
Peca Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

The study deals with an assessment and interpretation of the bioclimatic conditions in Vranje (southern Serbia). The study aims at temporal distributions of bioclimatic conditions focussing on extreme thermal stress based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The meteorological data required for the calculation of UTCI concern hourly (7 and 14 CET) weather data collected for the period 2000-2017. The frequency of very strong heat stress (VSHS), very strong cold stress (VSCS) and extreme cold stress (ECS) for both morning and midday hours. Furthermore, the daily difference of the UTCI hourly values (diurnal UTCI change) are specified, giving the daily variance of heat and cold stress. The results revealed the frequency of days in which thermal stress prevails for the studied period. The obtained results show an increase in extreme heat biothermal conditions, while extreme cold biothermal conditions are in decline, especially in the last 10 years. However, the frequency (the number of days) of very strong heat stress (VSHS) increased since 2007. A spectacular increase in heat stress was observed in the month of September, particularly in 2015.

scholarly journals Effect of cold and heat stress on rat adrenal, serum and liver ascorbic acid concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Djordjevic ◽  
S. Djurasevic ◽  
Tamara Vuckovic ◽  
N. Jasnic ◽  
Gordana Cvijic
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Concentration

Changes in ascorbic acid (AA) concentration were examined in the adrenals, serum and liver of Wistar rats exposed to cold (6 ?C) and heat stress (38 ?C) for 60 min. The exposure of animals to cold stress for 60 min did not change concentration of AA in the serum, adrenals and liver as compared to controls maintained at room temperature. After a 60 min heat exposure the concentration of AA in the adrenals decreased (***p<0.001), in the liver remained unchanged whereas it significantly increased in the serum (***p<0.001) in respect to control values. .

scholarly journals Enhancing Tolerance of Broiler Chickens to Heat Stress by Supplementation with Vitamin E, Vitamin C and/or Probiotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A. Attia ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Harthi ◽  
Ali S. El-Shafey ◽  
Yassar A. Rehab ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Vit C

AbstractHeat stress is one of the major challenges which the poultry industry faces during summer in tropical and subtropical regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Vitamin (Vit) E, C and/or probiotics on improving tolerance of broiler chickens to chronic heat stress (CHS). A total of 294, 1-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were allocated into seven treatment groups; Thermoneutral group was raised under a thermoneutral condition during 25–42 d of age. The other six groups were raised for three successive days per week at 36±2ºC and 75–85% relative humidity for 7 h daily: heat stressed group, Vit E (100 mg/kg diet), Vit C (200 mg/kg diet), Vit C+Vit E, probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 2 g/kg diet) and Vit C+Vit E+probiotics. Exposure to CHS decreased body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and abdominal fat. It had adverse impact on feed conversion ratio (FCR), packed cell volume (PCV), monocyte, basophil, total protein, and phagocytic activity while increased plasma cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to the thermoneutral group. Vit E, Vit C or probiotics alone decreased the adverse effects of CHS on growth rate throughout the experimental period. Vit C and E were equally potent during the experimental period, but were less effective than the combination of both vitamins. Vit E increased the dressing percentage and abdominal fat as compared to the thermoneutral group, but decreased AST while increasing basophil, monocyte and globulin compared to the heat stressed group. In addition, serum albumin and AST of Vit E were lower compared to Vit C, but cholesterol was higher. Vit E increased red blood cells and white blood cells, but plasma cholesterol was increased compared with the heat stressed group. Vit C increased PCV, lymphocytes, monocyte, basophil and albumin and decreased neutrophil. Both vitamins without/with probiotic induced a further increase in basophil, serum total protein, and albumin. It could be concluded that supplementation of Vit E, Vit C, probiotics, and different combinations reduced some of the adverse effects of CHS, and Vit E+Vit C+probiotics was the most effective for economic traits followed by Vit E+Vit C or probiotics.

scholarly journals Thermal manipulation during Pre and Post-Hatch on thermotolerance of male broiler chickens exposed to chronic heat stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam-Reza Zaboli ◽  
Shaban Rahimi ◽  
Farid Shariatmadari ◽  
Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi ◽  
Ali Baghbanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Thermal Manipulation

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Energy Level on Hepatic70-kDa Heat Shock Protein Expression in Broiler Chickens Submitted to Acute Heat Stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Gabriel ◽  
MIT Ferro ◽  
JA Ferro ◽  
MM Silva ◽  
PEN Givisiez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Time Course ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock Protein Expression ◽  
Colonic Temperature

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of dietary energy on the colonic temperature and hepatic Hsp70 content in broiler chicken at room temperature and after heat stress conditions. Broiler chickens were reared up to 51 days of life, and fed diets containing high (HE -13,186 kJ ME/kg) or low (LE -12,139 kJ ME/kg) energy. At 21 and 51 days of age, the colonic temperature was measured at room temperature and liver samples were obtained for Hsp70 quantification by Western blotting analysis. It was also investigated at these ages the time course response of colonic temperature and hepatic Hsp70 level during heat stress (35º C/5 h). The data showed that at early age, at room temperature, colonic temperature or hepatic Hsp70 levels were not affected by dietary energy, but at 51 days of life low energy fed broilers had lower Hsp70 concentration in the liver. During heat stress, the increase in both colonic temperature and hepatic Hsp70 concentration were significantly less in high energy fed birds. The findings of this study suggest that hepatic Hsp70 synthesis is affected by dietary energy, and that broiler chicken fed high-energy diet can change the thermoresistance during acute heat stress.

scholarly journals Effects of soluble ß-glucan on the immune responses of broiler chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine and reared under heat stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Nidhal Raoof Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Stressed Group

The main objectives of this study was to determine the influence of soluble β-glucan extracted from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune response of broiler chickens reared under heat stress .β-glucan 225μg/ml was supplemented in drinking water to broiler chicken vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. The parameters of the assessment of the immune response was the Heterophil / Lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress, determination of the serum antibody titer post vaccination with the NDV vaccine by ELISA test and Immunohistochemical detection of macrophages by using monoclonal antibodies (mouse antichicken macrophage KUL01). A hundred and twenty (120) Chickens one day old were divided into two equal groups; group under heat stress and group control; each group was divided into two subgroups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) containing thirty chicks. The experiment was conducted for six weeks. The stressed group exposed to heat stress (≃35ºC) starting from the third week of age upto the end of the experiment. While (Group 1) and (G3) chicks were supplemented with 225µg/ml of soluble β-glucan in drinking water from day 1 to the end of the experiment, while (G2 and G4) chicks were not supplemented. The result of Heterophil /Lymphocyte ratio indicates that there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference within heat stressed treated which showed an elevated H/L ratio at 21,28 and 35 days old. Also there was a significant (P < 0.05) difference between groups that were treated with β-glucan (G1, G3) at 21, 28 and 32 days of age compared with a control non treated non stressed group (G4) at same periods. The results of antibody titer to NDV showed that there were significant (P < 0.05) differences among all groups at 7, 14 and 21 days of age, and the results of immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated positive staining for duodenal and bursal macrophages labeled with KUL-01 mouse anti-chicken monocyte- macrophages monoclonal antibodies. Tissue sections of duodenum and bursa at 14 and 24 days old stressed and non-stressed groups treated with β-glucan showed a positive result (purple-brown staining macrophages) in G1 and G3 as compared with duodenal and bursal tissues of G2 and G4groups which showed no stained cells.

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