scholarly journals Relationships between Selected Physiological Factors and Milking Parameters for Cows Using a Milking Robot

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Marian Kuczaj ◽  
Anna Mucha ◽  
Alicja Kowalczyk ◽  
Ryszard Mordak ◽  
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Physiological Variability ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the number and stage of lactations, time of day and calving season of cows on milk yield from a single milking, average milking time, average milking per minute, daily milking frequency and the relationship between the tested parameters of quarter milking. The study included a herd of 65 Polish Holstein Friesian black and white cows used in a free-range barn located in south-west Poland. The animals were kept in proper welfare conditions, fed using the partly mixed ration (PMR) method on the feeding table. The milk was obtained using the Lely-Astronaut A4 Automatic Milking System (AMS). The animals on the dairy cattle farm were used in the range from the first to the seventh lactation, i.e., at the age of 2.0 to approximately 10 years. In this study, the amount of milk yielded from the hind quarters was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the trait determined for the front quarters. At the same time, the milk flow rate was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the front quarters compared to the rear quarters. The daily milk yield in right rear (RR) and left rear (LR) hind quarters was higher by 1.0 kg of milk, respectively, than in right front (RF) and left front (LF) fore quarters. The milking time of the RR and LR hind quarters during the day was longer by 104.9 and 128.8 s, respectively, than the RF and LF fore quarters. The milking speed of the RR and LR hind quarters during the day was lower by 0.2 and 1.12 g/s, respectively, than in the RF and LF fore quarters. The values of the correlation between the yields of milk and its components obtained in this study were high and positive. Correlations between the milk yield and the content of its components were negative. The obtained results confirmed that the natural physiological variability of the udder and teats structure, as well as the course of lactation, significantly affects the individual composition and milk flow during milking. The ability to regulate the milk flow by adjusting the appropriate negative pressure during the robot’s operation, in the observed variability of individual lobes of the mammary gland, increases the efficiency of milking and, as a result, reduces the risk of mastitis in cows.

scholarly journals An association analysis between OXT genotype and milk yield and flow in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Pauciullo ◽  
Gianfranco Cosenza ◽  
Roberto Steri ◽  
Angelo Coletta ◽  
Lazzaro Jemma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Mediterranean River ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Major Allele Frequency ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The aim of this study was to evaluate possible associations between three SNPs at the oxytocin locus (AM234538: g.28C>T; g.204A>G and g.1627G>T) and two productive traits, milk yield and milkability, in Italian Mediterranean river buffaloes. Effects of parity, calving season and month of production were also evaluated. A total of 41 980 test-day records belonging to 219 lactations of 163 buffalo cows were investigated. The allele call rate was 98·8% and the major allele frequency for all the investigated loci was 0·76. The OXT genotype was significantly associated with milk yield (P=0·029). The TT genotype showed an average daily milk yield approximately 1·7 kg higher than GT buffaloes. Such a difference represents about 23% more milk/d. A large dominance effect (−1·17±0·43 kg) was estimated, whereas the contribution of OXT genotype (r2OXT) to the total phenotypic variance in milk yield was equal to 0·06. The TT genotype showed higher values also for the milk flow, even though the estimated difference did not reach a level of statistical significance (P=0·07). Such an association, among the first reported for the oxytocin locus in ruminants, should be tested on a population scale and possible effects on milk composition traits should be evaluated in order to supply useful indications for the application of marker-assisted selection programmes in river buffaloes.

scholarly journals On designing the average lactation curve at the ascending phase

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Comparisons are made between different methods to find the peak production (maximum daily milk yield) and methods to design the average lactation curve at the ascending phase in dairy cows. It was noted that in order to determine the height and location of the maximal producing capacity of a cow in a known lactation period, it is preferable to choose the peak production as a mean of three subsequent best days. It was also noted that the usual methods for drawing the average lactation curves do not give a true picture of the height and location of the peak. The author suggests a method for determining the average lactation curve at the ascending phase by using the averages of both milk productions and times involved in reaching the peak and known fractions (e.g. 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 5/4) of it. In this lactation curve the peak production is the mean of the peaks of individual cows, and the time involved in reaching it is the mean of the durations of the ascending phases of the individual cows.

Economic potential of individual variation in milk yield response to concentrate intake of dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ANDRÉ ◽  
P. B. M. BERENTSEN ◽  
G. VAN DUINKERKEN ◽  
B. ENGEL ◽  
A. G. J. M. OUDE LANSINK
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARYThe objectives of the current study were to quantify the individual variation in daily milk yield response to concentrate intake during early lactation and to assess the economic prospects of exploiting the individual variation in milk yield response to concentrate intake. In an observational study, data from 299 cows on four farms in the first 3 weeks of the lactation were collected. Individual response in daily milk yield to concentrate intake was analysed by a random coefficient model. Marked variation in individual milk yield response to concentrate intake was found on all four farms. An economic simulation was carried out, based on the estimated parameter values in the observational study. Individual optimization of concentrate supply is compared with conventional strategies for concentrate supply based on averaged population response parameters. Applying individual economic optimal settings for concentrate supply during early lactation, potential economic gain ranges from €0·20 to €2·03/cow/day.

scholarly journals Productivity of fi rst-calf cows of different sire lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.

scholarly journals Application of correlation and regression analysis in the selection of black-and-white cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 07020
Author(s):  
I.M. Donnik ◽  
O.S. Chechenikhina
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Daily Milk

The use of the method of correlation-regression analysis as the most widespread method of statistical processing of experimental data makes it possible to organize the selection of animals according to the leading characteristics of productivity. A positive and high correlation was established between milk yield and milk yield in all groups of studied animals (r = from 0.64 to 0.90), and between milk yield in 305 days of lactation and the highest daily milk yield - only in groups of Reflection Sovering and Montvik Chieftain cows. (r = 0.65 to 0.92). Cows of the Vis Back Aydial line have higher correlation coefficients between indicators of milk composition (r = from 0.72 to 0.91, depending on the trait). The calculation of the regression coefficients showed that in the studied groups of animals with an increase in the coefficient of constancy of lactation, the coefficient of milk production and the indicator of the highest daily milk yield per unit, the amount of milk for 305 days of lactation increased by an average of 1.63 - 221.04 kg.

scholarly journals METHOD FOR SELECTING TECHNOLOGICAL TYPE COWS FOR ROBOTIC MILKING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-275
Author(s):  
D.R. Sharipov ◽  
◽  
O.A. Yakimov ◽  
I.Sh. Galimullin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Robotic Technology ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Robotic Milking ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The technological properties of the udder of cows have been studied under the conditions of using a robotic milking system. The research material was Holstein cows in the peasant (farm) economy of the Republic of Tatarstan, serviced by "Astronaut A4" robotic milking from "Lely Industries N.V.". A method for selecting cows for robotic milking has been developed. At the same time, in the herd, first, cows of the 1st lactation at 2-4 months of lactation are assessed according to the duration of milking and animals with duration of milking from 3 to 6 minutes are selected. Then, cows are selected from this group, whose lactation intensity indicator at 2-4 months of lactation exceeds the average value of this group by 0.5 sigma (M + 0.5σ), where M – the arithmetic mean of the indicator; σ – the standard deviation of the indicator. The proposed selection method makes it possible to form a breeding core and increase the milk yield in 305 days of lactation in the group of first-calf cows by 9.5 % (P˂0.01), daily milk yield – 14.4 % (P˂0.001), the milk flow rate – 33 % (P ˂ 0.001) and reduce the duration of cows' stay in the boxing by 17.5 %, the duration of milking cows – 21.7 %. When using this method, the efficiency of using robotic technology for milk production is increased.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SIMMENTAL COWS FOR MACHINE MILKING SUITABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
E.I. Anisimova ◽  
◽  
P.S. Katmakov ◽  
A.V. Bushov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Agricultural Cooperative ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The paper presents results of studies on evaluating Simmental cows for machine milking suitability. It was found that 78.7% of cows had a bowl-shaped udder, round - 14.7% and goat - 6.6% of cows at ‘agricultural production cooperative “COMBINE”. Bowl-shaped cows are more productive. Their milk yield was 4724 kg for 305 days of lactation with a fat content of 3.97% and a protein content of 3.30%. Their udder index was 47.7%. As for cows with a rounded udder shape, milk yield per lactation was 4246 kg with fat and protein content of 4.08 and 3.26% , respectively, and an udder index of 46.1%. Cows with a goat udder shape were characterized by low milk yield (3181 kg) and the worst parametres of milk fat content (3.88%), milk protein (3.20%) and udder index (2.2%). Approximately the same pattern is observed in the herd of the agricultural cooperative “Abodimovskiy” with slightly worse parametres of cow productivity. The intensity of milk production of cows of agricultural production cooperative “Abodimovsiy” with a bowl-shaped udder was 1.42, round - 1.35 and goat - 1.18 kg / min. Cows with a rounded udder shape had higher milk flow rate, which was equal to 1.65 kg / min, with a bowl-shaped one - 1.24 and with a goat udder shape- 1.09 kg / min in agricultural production cooperative “Combine”. No relation was found between udder index and milk composition. There is also no conjugation between the intensity of milk flow and fat and protein content for udder quarters and for the udder as a whole, whereas a positive correlation was found between the intensity of milk flow and daily milk yield.

ДИНАМИКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ПЕРВОТЕЛОК ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ ПОРОДЫ В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СПОСОБА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ И СЕЗОНА ОТЕЛА

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. OVODKOV ◽  
Ah.S. DELYAN
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Group I ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Calving Season

Изучено влияние способа содержания и сезона отела на лактационную деятельность голштинизированных коров-первотелок черно-пестрой породы. Исследования проведены в условиях сельскохозяйственного предприятия Тверской области на 4 группах животных: I группа — привязное содержание, летние отелы; II — привязное содержание, зимние отелы; III — беспривязное содержание, летние отелы; IV — беспривязное содержание, зимние отелы. Максимальные удои у коров I, III и IV групп были получены на 3-м мес лактации, II — на 2-м. Удой в I, II, III и IV группах составил, соответственно, 7714, 8717, 7682 и 7930 кг молока за 305 дней лактации. Удой коров за первые 3 мес в % к удою за 305 дней лактаций: I группа — 33,7%, II — 35,8, III — 34,4, IV — 35,9%. Максимальный суточный удой в I группе равнялся 30,8 кг, во II — 36,5, в III —29,7 и в IV — 35,3. Среднесуточный удой за 305 дней лактации в I группе составил 21,2 кг, во II — 23,6, в III группе — 19,4 и в IV группе — 21,7. Коэффициент постоянства лактации в I II III и IV группах равнялся 93,2, 94,2, 89,2 и 98%, соответственно. Независимо от способа содержания более высокие показатели молочной продуктивности и устойчивости лактационной деятельности имели коровы, отелившиеся в зимний период.The influence of the method of keeping and calving season on the lactation activity of Holstein cows-heifers of black-and-white breed is studied. Studies were conducted in the agricultural enterprise of the Tver region on 4 groups of animals: I group — tethered content, summer calving; 2 — tethered content, winter calving; III — loose content, summer calving; 4 — loose content, winter calving. Maximum milk yield in cows I and III and IV groups were obtained on the 3rd month of lactation, the second — at the 2nd. Milk Yield in I, II and III and in IV groups made, respectively, 7714, 8717, 7682 and 7930 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. Milk yield of cows for the first 3% to milk yield for 305 days of lactation: group I-33,7%, II — 35,8, III-34,4, IV-35,9%. The maximum daily yield in group I was 30.8 kg, in group II — 36.5, in group III — 29.7 and in group IV — 35.3. The average daily yield for 305 days of lactation in group I was 21.2 kg, in group II — 23.6, in group III — 19.4 and in group IV — 21.7. The coefficient of persistence of lactation in I, II, III and IV groups was equal to 93.2 per cent, 94,2, to 89.2 and 98%, respectively. Regardless of the method of maintenance, cows calving in winter had higher indicators of milk productivity and stability of lactation activity.

scholarly journals Genetic and permanent environmental variations in daily milk yield and milk flow rates in Hungarian Holstein Friesian

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-548
Author(s):  
A. A. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Abstract. Random regression animal model was applied for analyzing the relationships between test-day milk yields (DY), and milk flow rate (FR). The current study involved 169,491 sample test-day records of Hungarian Holstein- Friesian cows. A quadratic random regression was applied for declaring additive genetic variances in all studied traits during biweekly observations across the first three parities. Estimates of heritability for test-day milk yield and udder milk flow rates ranged from 0.09 to 0.58 and from 0.02 to 0.50, respectively through 42 milk-weeks (Wk). The highest heritability estimates occurred during the end of trajectory for both traits. In general DY tended to be more heritable than FR across lactation except during the first few weeks of lactation. Performance of DY was less affected by environmental variation than FR, while both values were moderate to high (0.63 to 0.75). Correlations among measurements showed that additive correlations (Ra) of 4WkFR with the reminder part of lactation were high during early and late lactation. Also 24WkFR was more genetically correlated with next measures and reached Ra = 0.94. Whereas 42WkFR was high additively correlated with other biweekly measurements and ranged from 0.53 to 0.99. Performance of early and late DY was negative additively correlated and ranged from −0.03 to −0.53. Heritability of DY within levels of FR ranged from 0.09 to 0.33 within very slow and medium milk flow, respectively. Correlations among both traits increased linearly toward lactation end. DY during 24Week and 42Week of lactation accounted the highest additive correlations with FR across lactation. Estimated breeding values for DY and FR increased in different rates with progressing lactation. These results may indicate that individual selection results would be favorably achieved during the late part of lactation. More details about estimates of breeding values, estimates of permanent environmental and additive genetic correlations for all traits were tabulated.

scholarly journals К вопросу отбора коров по технологическим признакам вымени

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Zubkova ◽  
E.I. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Daily Milk

Исследована зависимость молочной продуктивности и воспроизводительных качеств коров ярославской породы и ярославско-голштинских помесей в стаде от наличия у них дополнительных сосков. Объекты исследований коровы ярославской породы и помеси с голштинской породой разной кровности, содержащиеся в стаде одного из сельскохозяйственных предприятий Ярославской области. Было исследовано 307 коров, при глазомерной оценке стада выявлено 60 голов с полителией и 247 не имеющих дополнительных сосков.При подборе коров для машинного доения важное значение придаётся форме, размерам и расположениям сосков. Определённая стандартизация по этим признакам позволяет повысить эффективность доения аппаратами. Из исследуемого поголовья полителия наблюдается у 29 голов ярославской породы и 31 ярославско-голштинской помеси. 32 полителийные коровы (53,3) имели по одному добавочному соску и 28 коров (46,7) по два.Наибольшая встречаемость полителии наблюдается у коров с округлым выменем (47 гол., или 78,3), наименьшая у коров с ваннообразной формой вымени (6 гол., или 10). Для исследования функциональных, качественных свойств молочной железы к выборке животных срудиментарными соскамибыли подобраны сверстницы по возрасту, возрасту 1-го отёла и количеству законченных лактаций. Установлено, что надой за 305 дней 1-й лактации больше у коров без полителии на 308 кг, суточный удой выше на 2,8 кг, скорость молокоотдачи на 0,12 кг/мин. Коровы-сверстницы без дополнительных сосков превышают практически все показатели молочной продуктивности полителийных коров. Таким образом, селекция по морфофункциональным свойствам вымени будет способствовать повышению продуктивности коров стада и эффективному использованию доильного оборудования, снижению себестоимости продукции.The dependence of milk productivity and reproductive qualities of cows of the Yaroslavl breed and Yaroslavl-Holstein crossbreeds in the herd on the presence of additional dugs was studied. Objects of research are cows of the Yaroslavl breed and crossbreeds with Holstein breed of different blood levels containing in the herd of one of the agricultural businesses of the Yaroslavl region. 307 cows were examined, 60 animals with polythelia and 247 animals without additional dugs were found with a visual appraisal of the herd. When selecting cows for machine milking, great importance is attached to the shape, size and location of the dugs. A certain standardization on these features can increase the efficiency of milking by machines. From the studied livestock polythelia is observed in 29 heads of the Yaroslavl breed and 31 in the Yaroslavl-Holstein crossbreed. 32 polythelial cows (53.3) each had one additional dug and 28 cows (46.7) each had two dugs. The highest occurrence of polythelia is observed in cows with a round udder (47 heads or 78.3), the smallest - in cows with a bath-shaped udder (6 heads or 10). To study the functional, qualitative properties of the mammary gland herdmates were selected according to the age, age of the first calving and the number of completed lactations for a sample of animals with rudimentary dugs. It was found that milk yield for 305 days of first lactation is 308 kg more for cows without polythelia, daily milk yield is 2.8 kg higher, milk flow rate is 0.12 kg/min. Cows-herdmates without additional dugs exceed almost all indicators of milk production of polythelial cows. Thus, selection by the morphofunctional properties of the udder will increase the cow productivity of herd and the effective use of milking equipment, reduce the cost of production.

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