scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Cottonseed Oil and Cottonseed Meal Supplementation on Liver Lipid Content, Fatty Acid Profile and Hepatic Function in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ao Yang ◽  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Beiyu Zhang ◽  
Zhiyun Wang ◽  
Luoyi Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Health ◽  
High Level

Antinutrients, such as cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFAs) and free gossypol (FG), present together in cottonseed have caused numerous adverse effects on liver health and egg quality of laying hens, which are both likely to be related to a disturbance in lipid metabolism. This experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement using corn–soybean-meal-based diets supplemented with different levels of cottonseed oil (0%, 2%, or 4% CSO) containing CPFAs and cottonseed meal (0%, 6%, or 12% CSM) containing FG to elucidate the effects of them or their interaction on fatty acid profile, lipid content, and liver health of laying hens. An overall increase in fatty acid saturation and an overall significant decrease (p < 0.05) in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were shown in the livers of hens fed diets with either 2% or 4% CSO. Meanwhile, the concentration of liver cholesterol, serum cholesterol, and serum LDL-c of hens fed a diet supplemented with a high level of CSO (4%) were noticeably increased (p < 0.05). Even though the supplementation of 4% CSO in diets aroused beneficial influences on liver function, a high level of CSO inclusion in laying hens’ diets is not recommended due to its hypercholesterolemia effect. In conclusion, supplementation of CSO, which contains 0.20% CPFAs, was the primary cause of alteration in fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in hens, while no interaction between CSM and CSO nor CSM effect was found for lipid profile and liver health in laying hen.

scholarly journals Liquid Anaerobic Digestate as a Source of Nutrients for Lipid and Fatty Acid Accumulation by Auxenochlorella Protothecoides

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Krzemińska ◽  
Marta Oleszek ◽  
Dariusz Wiącek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Auxenochlorella Protothecoides

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the biomass of unicellular algae as a source of valuable metabolites. The main limitations in the commercial application of microbial biomass are associated with the costs of production thereof. Maize silage is one of the main substrates used in biogas plants in Europe. The effects of sterilized agricultural liquid digestate (LD) from methane fermentation of maize silage on the growth rates, macro and micronutrient removal efficiency, lipid content, and fatty acid profile in Auxenochlorella protothecoides were investigated. The results indicate that A. prothecoides can proliferate and accumulate lipids with simultaneous reduction of nutrients in the 1:20 diluted liquid digestate. The rate of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the liquid digestate was 79.45% and 78.4%, respectively. Cells growing in diluted liquid digestate exhibited the maximum lipid content, i.e., 44.65%. The fatty acid profile of A. prothecoides shows a decrease in the content of linolenic acid by 20.87% and an increase in oleic acid by 32.16% in the LD, compared with the control. The liquid digestate changed the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The cells of A. protothecoides growing in the liquid digestate were characterized by lower PUFA content and higher MUFA levels.

Temporal variation in the fatty acid composition of ovigerous females and embryos of the squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon (Decapoda, Munididae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Bascur ◽  
Fabián Guzmán ◽  
Sergio Mora ◽  
Pepe Espinoza ◽  
Ángel Urzúa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Humboldt Current ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Key Species

Pleuroncodes monodon, an important fishery resource and key species in the Humboldt Current Large Marine ecosystem, has a prolonged reproductive period from winter until end of summer, and during this time females incubating their embryos are exposed to seasonal variation in food availability and in temperature. Additionally, in order to ensure successful reproduction and survival of embryos, changes occur in the main internal reserves and/or sources of energy of P. monodon. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of seasonal variation (winter vs summer) in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of ovigerous females and their embryos. The results show that a higher percentage of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are found in females in winter. Similarly, the composition of fatty acids in embryos found here indicates that winter embryos have more saturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids (C18:2n6cis, C18:3n6 and C22:6n3) than do summer embryos. According to PCA analysis of fatty acid profile, samples from summer may be distinguished into two isolated groups with conspicuous variations in fatty acids profile of embryo and hepatopancreas. While in winter, the opposite pattern occurs in the fatty acid profile of embryo and hepatopancreas. These variations may be related to relevant physiological processes (reproduction and growth) and of their ontogeny (development and survival of offspring). Seasonal variation in the lipid content and composition of fatty acids of P. monodon could directly impact this species’ reproduction and survival and subsequently could have consequences on the food web and fishery exploitation.

scholarly journals Effect of Breed and Diet Type on the Freshness and Quality of the Eggs: A Comparison between Mos (Indigenous Galician Breed) and Isa Brown Hens

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Franco ◽  
Diego Rois ◽  
Anisia Arias ◽  
José Ramón Justo ◽  
Francisco J. Marti-Quijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Offering ◽  
Bird Diet ◽  
Diet Type

Eggs are a nutritious food, offering a balanced source of essential amino and fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins. Genetic and diet factors can modify hen egg traits. Thus, the effects of breed and feed on egg quality using two laying hens, Mos (autochthonous breed) and Isa Brown (commercial hybrid), and three feeds, commercial fodder (CF), corn/pea/triticale (CPT) and corn/wheat (CW), were investigated. Freshness parameters (egg weight, eggshell weight and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units and yolk color), chemical composition, color and textural parameters, as well as fatty acid profile, were assessed on a total of 288 eggs, from the two breeds. The samples were divided in 96 eggs, corresponding to each of the three dietary treatments. There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in albumen height and Haugh units, obtaining the highest values for Isa Brown genotype; meanwhile, laying hens fed with CF had the highest weight, as well as the greatest eggshell thickness. Cooked yolks of Isa Brown eggs presented the highest values of luminosity, while the yellowness was higher for Mos eggs. Regarding the texture of eggs, genotype was again the parameter having the greatest impact, obtaining higher values in hardness, gumminess and chewiness in those eggs from the Mos breed. Concerning egg chemical composition, it was affected by breed and diet type, but Mos eggs were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.001) higher contents of fat (9.53% vs. 7.58%), protein (12.31% vs. 11.66%) and ash (1.10% vs. 1.04%) than Isa Brown ones. Finally, diet type influenced the fatty acid profile, mainly affecting oleic and linoleic acids, which showed significantly (p < 0.05) highest values (42.90 and 14.66 g/100 g of total fatty acids) in CW and CF diets, respectively. Overall, breed and bird diet factors had a strong effect on egg quality and nutritional profile. Moreover, eggs from Mos hens had more attractive nutritional indices, and they could even be improved more by changing the diet.

scholarly journals Comparison of n–3 fatty acid sources in laying hen rations for improvement of whole egg nutritional quality: a review

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. S61-S69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Van Elswyk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplement ◽  
Ground Flaxseed

The nutritional manipulation of the diets of laying hens to include sources of n–3 fatty acids promotes the deposition of these nutrients into egg yolk. n–3 Fatty acid-rich eggs may provide an exciting alternative food source for enhancing consumer intake of these proposed healthful fatty acids. Care must be taken when designing n–3 fatty acid-rich poultry rations, however, to assure that the resulting egg fatty acid profile is useful for promoting consumer health yet maintaining egg sensory quality. In study 1 laying hens were fed on diets supplemented with graded levels of menhaden oil (MO), rich in both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n–3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22: 6n–3), for 4 weeks to determine maximal yolk fatty acid deposition attainable without sensory compromise. Yolk fatty acids were analysed for an additional 4 weeks, post-MO removal, to investigate yolk n–3 fatty acid tenacity. Dietary MO levels between 15 and 30g/kg yielded the greatest yolk n–3 fatty acid content; however, only eggs from birds fed with 15g MO/kg were considered acceptable by trained flavour panelists. Evaluation of eggs from hens fed with 15g MO/kg during storage verified that the shelf-life of enriched eggs was comparable with that of typical eggs. In study 2, graded levels of whole or ground flaxseed were used for the deposition of linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n–3) and to determine in vivo production of DHA from dietary LNA for yolk deposition. Flaxseed form influenced yolk n–3 fatty acids only when given at 150 g/kg diet. In vivo production of DHA, while significant, was not enhanced by increasing the level of dietary flaxseed nor by grinding the seed. In the third study, a DHA-rich natural marine alga (MA) was investigated as an n–3 fatty acid supplement. Despite similar DHA profiles, dietary MA was found to be more efficient for yolk DHA deposition than dietary MO. These studies suggest that there are numerous viable n–3 fatty acid supplements for poultry rations. It must be realized, however, that the fatty acid profile of the final product varies substantially depending on which supplement is fed.

Effects of dietary cottonseed oil and tannin supplements on protein and fatty acid composition of bovine milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aprianita Aprianita ◽  
Osaana N Donkor ◽  
Peter J Moate ◽  
S Richard O Williams ◽  
Martin J Auldist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplemented with cottonseed oil,Acacia mearnsii-condensed tannin extract, and a combination of both on composition of bovine milk. Treatment diets included addition of cottonseed oil (800 g/d; CSO), condensed tannin fromAcacia mearnsii(400 g/d; TAN) or a combination of cottonseed oil (800 g/d) and condensed tannin (400 g/d; CPT) with a diet consisting of 6·0 kg dry matter (DM) of concentrates and alfalfa hay ad libitum, which also served as the control diet (CON). Relative to the CON diet, feeding CSO and CPT diets had a minor impact on feed intake and yield of lactose in milk. These diets increased yields of milk and protein in milk. In contrast to the TAN diet, the CSO and CPT diets significantly decreased milk fat concentration and altered milk fatty acid composition by decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids but increasing proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The CPT diet had a similar effect to the CSO diet in modifying fatty acid profile. Overall, reduction in milk fat concentration and changes in milk fatty acid profile were probably due to supplementation of linoleic acid-rich cottonseed oil. The TAN diet had no effect on feed intake, milk yield and milk protein concentration. However, a reduction in the yields of protein and lactose occurred when cows were fed this diet. Supplemented tannin had no significant effect on fat concentration and changes in fatty acid profile in milk. All supplemented diets did not affect protein concentration or composition, nitrogen concentration, or casein to total protein ratio of the resulting milk.

scholarly journals Omega-3 on the fly: long-legged fly Machaerium maritimae as a potential source of eicosapentaenoic acid for aquafeeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
P.M. Duarte ◽  
E. Maciel ◽  
M. Pinho ◽  
M.R. Domingues ◽  
R. Calado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
High Level

The need for more sustainable aquafeeds has prompted the exploration of insects as potential ingredients. However, commonly reared insects are not satisfactory regarding their fatty acid composition, lacking omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA), important nutrients for marine organisms. In this study, we present in detail the fatty acid profile of the long-legged fly Machaerium maritimae Haliday (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), an amphibiotic insect native to European coastal habitats. Specimens of this fly were collected in Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon (Portugal) and the fatty acid profile was analysed through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results revealed a remarkably high level of n-3 LC PUFA, (11 μg/mg dry weight, 20% of the fatty acid profile) namely eicosapentaenoic acid, and a low level of saturated fatty acids. This value is higher than what is found in Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly), while comparable to other aquatic insects. We also report the presence of 50 distinct fatty acids, including multiple branched-chain and PUFA, and discuss potential implications of their presence on the ecology of this species. Variation in the fatty acid profile along the landscape is also presented. Our results indicate that M. maritimae can potentially be a high-quality lipid source for marine aquafeeds. Current legislation in Europe allowing the use of insects in aquaculture is restricted to a few selected species, often non-native, however, further research should consider native insects as potential alternatives to current ingredients in aquafeed.

scholarly journals Effects of pasture type and level of concentrate supplementation on quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-996
Author(s):  
J.A. Rossatti ◽  
F.M. Vargas Junior ◽  
M Retore ◽  
G.D.V. Britez ◽  
M.C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Branched Chain

Objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of grazing tropical forage species and level of supplementation with grain on characteristics of lamb meat. Ninety-day-old lambs (n = 36) (22.54 ± 2.72 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of pasture types (Aruana and Marandu) and levels of concentrate supplementation (0%, 1.5% and 3% of bodyweight). Water retention capacity, shear force, weight loss after cooking, pH, colour, and intramuscular lipid content of the meat were evaluated. A panel of 145 consumers evaluated the appearance, flavour, fat flavour, odour, and softness of the meat and provided an overall assessment. Supplementation at 3% of bodyweight reduced the luminosity of the meat. The appearance of meat from lambs that grazed Aruana grass was deemed preferable to that of meat from lambs that grazed Marandu grass. Total branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) were increased when grazing Marandu grass compared to Aruana grass. Lambs supplemented with concentrate had reduced BCFA/kg of meat and its content of both monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids were increased. Supplementation with concentrate at 1.5% and 3.0% of bodyweight increased n-6 PUFAs by 16.8% and 90.0%, decreased n-3 PUFAs by 49.7% and 35.9%, and thus increased the n-6/n-3 ratio by 135.0% and 183.8%, respectively. Lambs that were finished on grass without supplementation had a more healthful fatty acid profile and received better scores for flavour and global appreciation. To improve the quality of fatty acids in the meat, the pasture system is recommended. Keywords: Brachiaria brizantha, lipid content, Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, Panicum maximum, sheep feeding

scholarly journals Lipid and fatty acid profile of liver in relation to reproduction in the small-scaled terapon Terapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) from Pondicherry Coast, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nandikeswari ◽  
M. Sambasivam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

<p>The total lipid content as percentage of dry weight of liver of <em>Terapon puta</em> (Cuvier, 1829) varied at four different stages <em>viz.,</em> immature, maturing, mature and spent stages of reproduction. Highest levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was recorded in the liver of mature fishes (50.71%) followed by maturing (48.03%) and the lowest in immature fishes (38.91%). Highest levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were observed in the liver of maturing fishes (37.07%) followed by mature (34.09%) and the lowest levels in immature fishes (30.48%). Maturing fishes had higher liver polyunsaturated fatty acid  levels (PUFA) (13.54%), compared to immature (10.55%) and mature fishes (10.17%).</p>

scholarly journals Mare’s Milk from a Small Polish Specialized Farm—Basic Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile, and Healthy Lipid Indices

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1590
Author(s):  
Grażyna Czyżak-Runowska ◽  
Jacek Antoni Wójtowski ◽  
Romualda Danków ◽  
Daniel Stanisławski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Bulk Tank

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and values of healthy indices of milk from a specialized farm of Polish Coldblood mares of different ages, birth orders, and lactation stages. Milk samples (n = 48) were collected for analysis in weeks 10, 15, and 25 of lactation from mares aged between five and 14 years. The study showed that the stage of lactation has a significant effect on the fatty acid (FA) profile of the milk produced on the farm. The highest concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAs was found in milk produced from the 15th week of lactation. The milk was also characterized by low values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, which indicate the health benefits of milk with respect to the content of fatty acids and their potential to prevent or cause atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The study also found a significant correlation between the number of foalings (birth order), the fatty acid profile, and atherogenic index of milk produced on the farm. The findings from the study indicate that it is possible to modify the fatty acid profile of bulk tank milk through appropriate management of the age structure of the herd of mares. To confirm this dependence, the study will be continued on a larger group of mares.

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