Indoors or Outdoors? An International Exploration of Owner Demographics and Decision Making Associated with Lifestyle of Pet Cats

Outdoor access for owned domestic cats (Felis catus) is a divisive issue. Cat safety, mental and physical wellbeing, infectious diseases, and wildlife depredation are cited as factors influencing owners; however, the degree of consideration each factor receives has not been quantified. This study (i) analysed which demographic variables are associated with greater odds of cats having indoor or outdoor lifestyles, (ii) identified which factors owners consider when making a choice on lifestyle and any regional variations, and (iii) identified if owners consider the different lifestyle options available and recognise their associated benefits. A series of online surveys were used for data collection. Binary logistic regression models were used to generate odds ratios assessing if demographic variables were significantly associated with cat lifestyle. Quantitative analysis of factors considered when deciding on cat lifestyle was accompanied by a thematic analysis of rich-text open-ended responses, providing nuanced insight into the rationale and elucidating additional factors considered. Of the demographic variables tested, 10/12 were significantly associated with lifestyle. Variables with higher odds of indoor-only lifestyles were owners being 26–35 years old, multi-cat households, junior cats, pedigree cats or unknown pedigree status, cats with health issues, living in city centres or urban areas, or living in the United States, Canada, Australia, or New Zealand. Variables with higher odds of indoor-outdoor lifestyles were owners being 46–55 years old or 56+ years old, households with residents 17 years old or under, male cats, and cats being mature or senior. Road traffic concerns were the most cited reason for keeping indoor-only cats across all global regions. The second-most cited reason varied regionally. For Europe, it was protection from people. For the USA and Canada, the reason was protection from wildlife, and for Australia and New Zealand, to prevent hunting. Indoor-outdoor cat owners cited most frequently the benefits to their cat’s mental health. Over two-thirds of owners did not consider the alternative lifestyle for their cat. These data give insight into the priorities of cat owners with regards to feline wellbeing, feline safety, and wildlife depredation, helpful for individuals or organisations working with human behaviour change. They provide evidence that the numbers of indoor-only cats are likely to rise with increasing urbanisation. Finally, the data identify cat populations who may be at risk of compromised welfare due to unsuitable, or under-researched, lifestyles.

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Newsmaking criminology in Australia and New Zealand: Results from a mixed methods study of criminologists’ media engagement

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/0004865819854794 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 84-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Iliadis ◽

Imogen Richards ◽

Mark A Wood

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

News Media ◽

The United States ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

The Past ◽

Professional Duty ◽

The Subject ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Insight Into ◽

Newsmaking Criminology

‘Newsmaking criminology’, as described by Barak, is the process by which criminologists contribute to the generation of ‘newsworthy’ media content about crime and justice, often through their engagement with broadcast and other news media. While newsmaking criminological practices have been the subject of detailed practitioner testimonials and theoretical treatise, there has been scarce empirical research on newsmaking criminology, particularly in relation to countries outside of the United States and United Kingdom. To illuminate the state of play of newsmaking criminology in Australia and New Zealand, in this paper we analyse findings from 116 survey responses and nine interviews with criminologists working in universities in these two countries, which provide insight into the extent and nature of their news media engagement, and their related perceptions. Our findings indicate that most criminologists working in Australia or New Zealand have made at least one news media appearance in the past two years, and the majority of respondents view news media engagement as a professional ‘duty’. Participants also identified key political, ethical, and logistical issues relevant to their news media engagement, with several expressing a view that radio and television interviewers can influence criminologists to say things that they deem ‘newsworthy’.

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Century plus journeys: using career crafting to explore the career success of pioneer women accountants

Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal ◽

10.1108/aaaj-01-2020-4367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Mohini P. Vidwans ◽

Rosalind H. Whiting

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Great Britain ◽

Organizational Support ◽

Career Success ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

The Usa ◽

Political Economic ◽

Pioneer Women ◽

Insight Into

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the struggle for entry and career success of the early pioneer women accountants in Great Britain and its former colonies the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachA career crafting matrix guides the analysis of historical information available on five pioneer women accountants in order to understand their success in gaining entry into the profession and their subsequent careers.FindingsDespite an exclusionary environment, career crafting efforts coupled with family and organizational support enabled these women to become one of the first female accountants in their respective countries. Their struggles were not personal but much broader—seeking social, political, economic and professional empowerment for women.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to utilize the career crafting matrix developed from current female accountants' careers to explore careers of pioneering female accountants. It adds to the limited literature on women actors in accounting and may provide insight into approaching current forms of difference and discrimination.

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Urban garden tourism.

New directions in garden tourism ◽

10.1079/9781789241761.0009 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 130-144

Author(s):

Richard W. Benfield

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

New Zealand ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Botanic Gardens ◽

Local Participation ◽

Urban Garden ◽

Community Programming ◽

New Directions ◽

The Usa ◽

Urban Programs

Abstract This chapter highlights a number of urban programs related to gardens that rank as the most noteworthy of gardens' new directions in an urban milieu. New directions in garden tourism in urban areas are marked by reaching out to new audiences (where neighborhood demography is changing), community programming, local participation in decision making, attracting new ethnic audiences, and overall outreach to their own particular neighbors. Botanic gardens are also playing a lead role in the application of and education about the need for a sustainable future. Examples of urban garden initiatives in the USA, UK and New Zealand are highlighted.

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Facilitating Sexual Assault Reporting on the College Campus: The Role of Procedural Justice in Bystander Decisions to Provide Police Referrals

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801220954289 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 107780122095428

Author(s):

Tri Keah S. Henry ◽

Travis W. Franklin ◽

Cortney A. Franklin

Keyword(s):

Sexual Assault ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Procedural Justice ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Race 2 ◽

Sexual Assault Reporting

Using a randomly assigned 2 (victim race) × 2 (alcohol consumption) between-subjects factorial design, this study used surveys from a sample of 571 undergraduate students at a mid-sized, public university in the United States to determine the effect of procedural justice on police referral after reading a sexual assault disclosure vignette. Multivariate binary logistic regression models demonstrated that positive perceptions of procedural justice increased police referral following sexual assault disclosure. Victim alcohol consumption and rape myth acceptance decreased police referral. Victim race, victim alcohol consumption, and participant sex did not moderate the effect of procedural justice on police referral. Implications are discussed.

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Correlates of Perceived HIV Prevalence and Associations With HIV Testing Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988314556672 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 90-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Darcy White ◽

Rob Stephenson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Regression Models ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Hiv Prevalence ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv Testing Behavior

As the rate of HIV infection continues to rise among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, a focus of current prevention efforts is to encourage frequent HIV testing. Although levels of lifetime testing are high, low levels of routine testing among MSM are concerning. Using data from an online sample of 768 MSM, this article explores how perceptions of HIV prevalence are associated with HIV testing behavior. Ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to examine correlates of perceived prevalence, and binary logistic regression models were fitted to assess associations between perceived prevalence and HIV testing. The results indicate that perceptions of higher prevalence among more proximal reference groups such as friends and sex partners are associated with greater odds of HIV testing. Perceptions of HIV prevalence were nonuniform across the sample; these variations point to groups to target with strategic messaging and interventions to increase HIV testing among MSM.

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Cross-Cultural Insight into the Association between Religiousness and Authoritarianism

Archive for the Psychology of Religion ◽

10.1163/157361209x424448 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 177-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sergej Flere ◽

Rudi Klanjšek

Keyword(s):

Religious Orientation ◽

Positive Association ◽

The United States ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Eastern Orthodox ◽

Main Study ◽

Religious Salience ◽

Extrinsic Orientation ◽

Insight Into

The current study investigated the possible existence of a relationship between authoritarianism and religiousness and the possible strength of this potential relationship. The study involved samples from four cultural environments known to differ substantially in terms of religious salience and content: Slovenia (predominantly Catholic), Serbia (predominantly Eastern Orthodox), Bosnia and Herzegovina (predominantly Muslim), and the United States (predominantly Protestant). Religiousness was assessed by way of religious orientation (including intrinsic and extrinsic orientation) as proposed by Allport (1950), whereas authoritarianism was tapped by a modified Lane scale (1955). Results from zero-order correlations indicated a strong and positive association between authoritarianism and all types of religious orientation, regardless of the sample analyzed. Residualizing the main study constructs by demographic variables did not alter the results. The association changed only when each dimension of religious orientation was controlled for the effect of other dimensions. Results did not lend support to the hypothesis that authoritarianism is more strongly linked to those who are more extrinsically oriented.

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Career advancement comparative perspective study of university lecturer

Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan ◽

10.29210/156800 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maya Kurniawati ◽

Choirul Saleh ◽

M.R. Khairul Muluk

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Education System ◽

Career Advancement ◽

Academic Career ◽

The United States ◽

Higher Education System ◽

The Usa ◽

World Class ◽

Research Questions ◽

Insight Into

Globalization and international standard universities trend drive the higher education system to become more dynamic and innovative. The lecturer is a profession that drives and encourages university competitiveness. Therefore, better career advancement and development are vital in encouraging higher education competitiveness. The United States of America (USA) is currently a world-class university orientation, followed by Australia. Hence, other countries, especially developing countries, should know the USA and Australia higher education system, especially in the lecturers’ career advancement and development. This study is necessary to answer research questions about comparing academic career advancement systems in the USA and Australia. This study will give other countries new insight into academic career advancement. The researchers apply the findings from a systematic review. This study focuses on six aspects discussed: regulations, educational qualifications, lecturer obligation status in the higher education, career ladder, career advancement stages, and the lecturers' duties also responsibilities in lecturer career advancement in the USA and Australia. This study examines the gap between lecturers' career advancement systems in the USA and Australia comprehensively. The researchers observe by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the lecturer career advancement system in the USA and Australia. Also, the researchers compare the results using comparative public administration theory.

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Access to scientific literature by the conservation community

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9404

Author(s):

Daisy Larios ◽

Thomas M. Brooks ◽

Nicholas B.W. Macfarlane ◽

Sugoto Roy

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New Zealand ◽

Western Europe ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Hard Copy ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Do So

Access to the scientific literature is perceived to be a challenge to the biodiversity conservation community, but actual level of literature access relative to needs has never been assessed globally. We examined this question by surveying the constituency of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a proxy for the conservation community, generating 2,285 responses. Of these respondents, ∼97% need to use the scientific literature in order to support their IUCN-related conservation work, with ∼50% needing to do so at least once per week. The crux of the survey revolved around the question, “How easy is it for you currently to obtain the scientific literature you need to carry out your IUCN-related work?” and revealed that roughly half (49%) of the respondents find it not easy or not at all easy to access scientific literature. We fitted a binary logistic regression model to explore factors predicting ease of literature access. Whether the respondent had institutional literature access (55% do) is the strongest predictor, with region (Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) and sex (male) also significant predictors. Approximately 60% of respondents from Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand have institutional access compared to ∼50% in Asia and Latin America, and ∼40% in Eastern Europe and in Africa. Nevertheless, accessing free online material is a popular means of accessing literature for both those with and without institutional access. The four journals most frequently mentioned when asked which journal access would deliver the greatest improvements to the respondent’s IUCN-related work were Conservation Biology, Biological Conservation, Nature, and Science. The majority prefer to read journal articles on screen but books in hard copy. Overall, it is apparent that access to the literature is a challenge facing roughly half of the conservation community worldwide.

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Evolutionary Frequency of the Available Human Coronavirus Genomes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30406/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ashfaq Ahmad ◽

Sidra Majaz ◽

Faisal Nouroz

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Process ◽

The United States ◽

Spatial Diversity ◽

Global Scale ◽

The Novel ◽

Human Coronavirus ◽

The Usa ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background. A novel, human-infecting coronavirus causing CoVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in late December, 2019. Within a short span of time more the virus has recorded more than 1 million deaths world-wide. This study is designed to address the overall evolutionary process of the novel Coronavirus complete genomes. Addressing the complexity and huge population size, network-based approaches are used in mapping samples to their reported locations. Results. Total of 473 complete human-coronavirus genomes representing 20 different countries are studied including 17 states from the United States and samples collected from the Cruise-diamond princess. The phylodynamic network of global-scale is classified into five clusters contained two clusters U1 and U2 of the USA samples. Cluster B is a shared cluster of China and the USA while A and C are of diverse nature. We found that Chinese samples aggregated in cluster A and B which aided in retaining the homogeneous viral genomic pool. In contrast, samples from the USA and Spain were split into distinct clusters indicating multiple port entries and a possibility in implying a delay in quarantine measures. Among the samples from the USA, we found that sequences reported from Washington and Virginia are scattered indicating evolutionary diversity.Conclusion. This report provides insight into the transmission pattern of CoV2 which is complicated to evaluate exclusively through conventional surveillance means. Our data not only identify the transmission network but also suggest that the severity of the disease is linked to the spatial diversity of infection.

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Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax).

10.1079/cpc.30828.20210100054 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

André Gassmann ◽

Chris Parker

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Africa ◽

Invasive Species ◽

New Zealand ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

The United States ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Native Range ◽

The Usa

Abstract L. vulgaris is a perennial flowering plant with a spreading root system. It forms dense mats which can compete with crops and suppress native vegetation, reducing pasture productivity and/or biodiversity (ISSG, 2015). Native to temperate areas of Europe and Asia, it has been widely introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and is regarded as noxious in many of these countries. By inclusion in indexes of invasive species it is regarded as invasive widely in Canada and in the USA (Alberta Invasive Species Council, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015). L. vulgaris received an invasive index of 69 (out of a maximum of 100) in Alaska, USA (ANHP, 2011). It is also regarded as invasive within its native range in Serbia (Dzigurski and Nikolic, 2014).

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