scholarly journals Effect of Pregnane X Receptor on CYP3A29 Expression in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages during Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Infection

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yang ◽  
Fei Xing ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Weimin Zhao ◽  
Yanfeng Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Pregnane X Receptor ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumonia ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae, Mhp) is the causative agent of mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS). M. hyopneumoniae infection causes inflammation in pigs and leads to considerable economic losses in the pig industry. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a pluripotent gene regulatory protein that plays an important role in regulating cytochrome P-450 (CYP) in pigs in the context of inflammatory responses, drug metabolism, homeostasis, etc. We previously reported that cytochrome P450 3A29 (CYP3A29) expression was significantly upregulated in pigs infected with M. hyopneumoniae compared with healthy control pigs. This experiment mainly focused on identifying the role of PXR in the regulation of CYP3A29 and inflammatory factors after M. hyopneumoniae infection by establishing pig alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells in which PXR was overexpressed or silenced. Our results showed that the overexpression of PXR could significantly improve the protein and the mRNA expression levels of CYP3A29 with and without M. hyopneumoniae infection in PAM cells. After the expression of PXR was inhibited, protein and mRNA expression levels of CYP3A29 were significantly reduced with and without M. hyopneumoniae infection in PAM cells. Moreover, PXR can regulate the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 during M. hyopneumoniae infection of PAM cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that PXR positively regulates CYP3A29 expression during the inflammatory response caused by M. hyopneumoniae infection.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Expression of Inflammatory Factors and the Degree of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuanmao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cervical Disc ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Pfirrmann Grade ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-a, TNF-a and TRPC6 in the disc tissue of patients with cervical disc degeneration. Methods: The expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-a, TNF-a and TRPC6 were analyzed by RT-PCR, and the correlation between inflammatory factors and Pfirrmann grade and inflammatory factors was analyzed. Results: The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF - a and TRPC6 were significantly higher in Pfirrmann grade IV-V than in Pfirrmann grade II-III (P< 0.05), and IFN-a expression level in IV-V intervertebral disc samples was significantly lower than that in II-III discs (P<0.05); The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF - a and TRPC6 were positively correlated with pfirmann grading (P<0.05), IFN - a was negatively correlated with pfirmann grading (P<0.05), IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF - a and TRPC6 were positively correlated with each other(P<0.05), IFN - a was negatively correlated with IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, TNF-a and TRPC6(P<0.05). Conclusion: IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IFN-a, TNF- a and TRPC6 are closely related to the degree of cervical disc degeneration.

scholarly journals Effects of Xylooligosaccharides on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Ruokun Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) is a source of prebiotics with multiple biological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of XOS on mice fed a high-fat diet. Mice were fed either a normal diet or a high-fat diet supplemented without or with XOS (250 and 500 mg/kg), respectively, for 12 weeks. The results showed that the XOS inhibited mouse weight gain, decreased the epididymal adipose index, and improved the blood lipid levels, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Moreover, XOS reduced the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alleviated the damage to the liver caused by the high-fat diet. XOS also reduced hyperlipidemia-associated inflammatory responses. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that XOS intervention activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway to regulate the fat synthesis, decomposition, and β oxidation; upregulated the mRNA expression levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors α (PPAR-α), and cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1); and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). On the other hand, XOS enhanced the mRNA expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 in the small intestine; increased the strength of the intestinal barrier; and optimized the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, it was concluded that XOS regulated the intestinal barrier, changed the intestinal microecology, and played an important role in preventing hyperlipidemia through the unique anatomical advantages of the gut–liver axis.

INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 2 (PCV2) VACCINATION ON CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PIGS IN A TAIWAN PIG FARM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yen-Chen Chang ◽  
Hui-Wen Chang ◽  
Hue-Ying Chiou ◽  
Chian-Ren Jeng ◽  
Victor Fei Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Con A ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the major cause of serious porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) causing significant economic losses in the pig industry. The PCV2 vaccines have proved effective by lowering serum and tissue viral loads. However, little is known about its effects on the cellular functions of viral target cells in pigs. For this, blood samples from 38 vaccinated and 34 non-vaccinated, 12–14 week-old, clinically healthy and PCV2-infected pigs in a commercial farm were sampled and anticoagulated. The viral load in plasma and the cellular proliferation and mRNA expression levels of IL-1 [Formula: see text], IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-[Formula: see text] of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without concanavalin A (Con A) and PCV2 stimulation in vitro were then investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Compared with the non-vaccinated pigs, the average viral loads in the plasma and cultivated PBMCs were reduced in the PCV2-vaccinated pigs. Significant differences in the aspects of increased cell proliferation, decreased average viral loads in PBMCs three days after Con A stimulation, increased mRNA expression levels of IL-2 and IFN-[Formula: see text] after re-exposure to PCV2, and decreased levels of IL-1 [Formula: see text], IL-4 and IL-8 after Con A or PCV2 stimulation were also noted in the PCV2-vaccinated pigs. The results suggested that the PCV2-vaccinated pigs were likely to develop better cell-mediated immunity than the non-vaccinated pigs.

scholarly journals Expression Analysis and Serodiagnostic Potential of Microneme Proteins 1 and 3 in Eimeria stiedai

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Wenrui Wei ◽  
Nengxing Shen ◽  
Jie Xiao ◽  
Yuanyuan Tao ◽  
Yuejun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Eimeria Stiedai ◽  
Microneme Protein ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels ◽  
Microneme Proteins ◽  
Hepatic Coccidiosis

Eimeria stiedai is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that invades the liver and bile duct epithelial cells in rabbits and causes severe hepatic coccidiosis, resulting in significant economic losses in the domestic rabbit industry. Hepatic coccidiosis lacks the typical clinical symptoms and there is a lack of effective premortem tools to timely diagnose this disease. Therefore, in the present study we cloned and expressed the two microneme proteins i.e., microneme protein 1 (EsMIC1) and microneme protein 3 (EsMIC3) from E. stiedai and used them as recombinant antigens to develop a serodiagnostic method for an effective diagnosis of hepatic coccidiosis. The cDNAs encoding EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 were cloned and the mRNA expression levels of these two genes at different developmental stages of E. stiedai were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR). The immunoreactivity of recombinant EsMIC1 (rEsMIC1) and EsMIC3 (rEsMIC3) proteins were detected by Western blotting, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on these two recombinant antigens were established to evaluate their serodiagnostic potential. Our results showed that the proteins encoded by the ORFs of EsMIC1 (711 bp) and EsMIC3 (891 bp) were approximately 25.89 and 32.39 kDa in predicted molecular weight, respectively. Both EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 showed the highest mRNA expression levels in the merozoites stage of E. stiedai. Western blotting analysis revealed that both recombinant proteins were recognized by E. stiedai positive sera, and the indirect ELISAs using rEsMIC1 and rEsMIC3 were developed based on their good immunoreactivity, with 100% (48/48) sensitivity and 97.9% (47/48) specificity for rEsMIC1 with 100% (48/48) sensitivity and 100% (48/48) specificity for rEsMIC3, respectively. Moreover, rEsMIC1- and rEsMIC3-based indirect ELISA were able to detect corresponding antibodies in sera at days 6, 8, and 10 post E. stiedai infection, with the highest positive diagnostic rate (62.5% (30/48) for rEsMIC1 and 66.7% (32/48) for rEsMIC3) observed at day 10 post infection. Therefore, both EsMIC1 and EsMIC3 can be used as potential serodiagnostic candidate antigens for hepatic coccidiosis caused by E. stiedai.

scholarly journals The influence on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors and intestinal injury-related molecules in Wahui pigeon induced by lipopolysaccharide

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251462
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
Xiaofen Hu ◽  
Youbao Zhong ◽  
Feng Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Introduction The intestinal structure is the foundation for various activities and functions in poultry. An important question concerns the changes in the intestinal status under endotoxin stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wahui pigeons. Methods Thirty-six 28-day-old healthy Wahui pigeons were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was injected with LPS (100 μg/kg) once per day for five days, and the control group was treated with the same amount of sterile saline. Blood and the ileum were collected from pigeons on the first, third, and fifth days of the experiment and used for oxidative stress assessment, inflammatory factor detection, histopathological examination, and positive cell localization. In addition, intestinal injury indices and mRNA expression levels (tight junction proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and factors related to autophagy and apoptosis) were evaluated. Results Villi in the ileum were shorter in the LPS group than in the control group, and D-lactic acid levels in the serum were significantly increased. Glutathione and catalase levels significantly decreased, but the malondialdehyde content in the serum increased. TNF-α and IL-10 were detected at higher levels in the serum, with stronger positive signals and higher mRNA expression levels, in the LPS group than in the control group. In addition, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and HMGB1 in the inflammatory signaling pathway were also upregulated. Finally, the mRNA expression of Claudin3, Occludin, and ZO-1 was significantly decreased; however, that of Beclin1 and Atg5 was increased in the LPS group. Conclusion Ileal pathological changes and oxidative stress were caused by LPS challenge; it is proposed that this triggering regulates the inflammatory response, causing excessive autophagy and apoptosis, promoting intestinal permeability, and leading to intestinal injury in Wahui pigeons.

scholarly journals In vivo Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Hydroxyasiaticoside Combined With Praziquantel in the Treatment of Schistosomiasis Induced Hepatic Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huilong Fang ◽  
Ling Yu ◽  
Da You ◽  
Nan Peng ◽  
Wanbei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Type I ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Schistosomiasis has been a fatal obstinate disease that threatens global human health, resulting in the granulomatous inflammation and liver fibrosis.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hydroxyasiaticoside combined with praziquantel in the treatment of schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis.Methods:Mice were randomly distributed into four experimental groups: normal control group, model group, praziquantel group, praziquantel + hydroxyasiaticoside group. Except for the normal control group, they were infected with Schistosomia cercariae through the abdominal skin to induce liver fibrosis. In the intervention group, mice were administered with the respective drugs by gavage after 8 weeks of infection. At the end of the treatment, mice were sacrificed to collect blood for the determination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels. Moreover, the liver was excised, weighed, and liver indices were calculated. Histopathological examination was performed to assess liver morphology. Besides, the expression of collagen type I and III in liver was determined; the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver tissues were measured using Real-time PCR while ELISA and western blotting were performed on liver tissue homogenate to determine the protein expression of IL-6 and TNF-α.Results:The combination of praziquantel and hydroxyasiaticoside lowered the pathological scores of schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis, the liver indice, serum AST and ALT levels, improved liver morphology, downregulated the expression levels of hepatic type I and III collagen, inhibited the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the liver of mice relative to the praziquantel alone.Conclusion:The combination of hydroxyasiaticoside and praziquantel is a potential therapeutic option for schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis. Notably, this combination noticeably suppresses the protein and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) in the liver.

scholarly journals The role of CXCR3 and its ligands expression in Brucellar spondylitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hu ◽  
Xiaoqian Shang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Jiahui Fan ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract Aim Brucellar spondylitis (BS) is one of the most serious complications of brucellosis. CXCR3 is closely related to the severity of disease infection. This research aimed to study the degree of BS inflammatory damage through analyzing the expression levels of CXCR3 and its ligands (CXCL9 and CXCL10) in patients with BS. Methods A total of 29 BS patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled. Real-Time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of BS patients and healthy controls. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to show the pathological changes in BS lesion tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to show the protein expression levels of Brucella-Ab, IFN-γ, CXCR3, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in BS lesion tissues. At the same time, ELISA was used to detect the serum levels of IFN-γ, CXCL9 CXCL10 and autoantibodies against CXCR3 in patients with BS. Results In lesion tissue of BS patients, it showed necrosis of cartilage, acute or chronic inflammatory infiltration. Brucella-Ab protein was abundantly expressed in close lesion tissue. And the protein expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 were highly expressed in close lesion tissue and serum of BS patients. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and CXCL10 in PBMCs of BS patients were significantly higher than those in controls. Conclusion In our research, the expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands were significantly higher than those in controls. It suggested that high expression levels of IFN-γ, CXCR3 and its ligands indicated a serious inflammatory damage in patients with BS.

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