scholarly journals The Pen Is Milder Than the Blade: Identification Marking Mice Using Ink on the Tail Appears More Humane Than Ear-Punching Even with Local Anaesthetic

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
Charlotte C. Burn ◽  
Nur H. B. Mazlan ◽  
Natalie Chancellor ◽  
Dominic J. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Nonsignificant Trend ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Weekly Treatment ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
And Control

Identification marking mice commonly involves ear-punching with or without anaesthetic, or tail-marking with ink. To identify which is most humane, we marked weanling male BALB/c mice using ear-punching (EP), ear-punching with anaesthetic EMLATM cream (EP+A), or permanent marker pen (MP). We compared marked mice, unmarked cagemates, and control mice (n = 12–13/group) for 5 weeks, reapplying MP weekly. Treatment-blind observations following marking showed that EP and EP+A mice were allogroomed (p < 0.001) and sniffed (p < 0.001) by their cagemates more than MP and control mice were. EP+A mice groomed themselves (p < 0.001) and their ears (p < 0.001) ~5 times more than most other mice; their cagemates also increased self-grooming (p < 0.001). Unmarked MP cagemates (p = 0.001), and possibly EP+A mice (p = 0.034; a nonsignificant trend), grimaced the most. The following day, half the EP+A mice showed hyponeophagia versus no MP and control mice (p = 0.001). Over the 5 weeks, EP mice approached the handler significantly less than unmarked cagemates did (p < 0.001). Across weeks, defecation during marking of MP mice decreased (p < 0.001). Treatment showed no effects on immediate responses during marking, aggression, bodyweight, plus-maze behaviour or corticosterone. MP mice showed no differences from controls, whilst EP and EP+A mice showed altered behaviour, so ink-marking may be the more humane identification method.

Data Driven Symbiotic Machine Learning for the Identification of Motion-Based Action Potentials

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Volkhard Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Closed Loop Identification ◽  
And Control

Understanding and modelling technical and biological processes is one of the basic prerequisites for the management and control of such processes. With the help of identification, the interdependencies of such processes can be deciphered and thus a model can be achieved. The verification of the models enables the quality of the models to be assessed. This article focuses on the identification and verification of motion and sensory feedback-based action potentials in peripheral nerves. Based on the acquisition of action potentials, the identification process correlates physiological and motion-based parameters to match movement trajectories and the corresponding action potentials. After a brief description of a prototype of a biosignal acquisition and identification system, this article introduces a new identification method, the symbiotic cycle, based on the well-known term symbiotic simulation. As an example, this article presents a data-driven method to create a human readable model without using presampled data. The closed-loop identification method is integrated into this symbiotic cycle.

scholarly journals NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DERIVATIVES OF LUPEOL IN RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Ruchi Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cns Depressant ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Elevated Maze ◽  
And Control ◽  
Derivatives Of

Objective: The neuropharmacological activities of ethanolic extract derivatives of lupeol are being screened on rats. Prepared derivatives are evaluated for their locomotor, anxiolytic and stereotype activities. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the antipsychotic effect of semisynthetic derivatives of lupeol using rat models of elevated maze model and apomorphine-induced stereotype behavior.Methods: Lupeol was extracted from Crataeva nurvala bark using ethano. After chemical modification, we made different derivatives using aldol condensation. Different derivatives were obtained from a series of reaction previously published LAH-3, LAP-3, LAPEA-3, LAMP-3, LATS-3, and LAS-3. Neuropharmacological effects, including anxiolytic, central nervous inhibitory, and stereotype antipsychotic effects were evaluated in the different derivatives of lupeol at a dose of 250 mg/kg using standard methods.Results: The absolute derivatives of LAH3 and LAPEA3 showed a significant reduction in the activity score in actophotometer test. Reduction in the locomotor activity indicates central nervous system (CNS) depressant property of the drug. LAMP3 and LAS3 show a significant anxiolytic effect. From the result of elevated plus maze, it was evident that derivatives of lupeol treated animals exhibit an increased number of entries into open arm when compared to normal control, which shows the anxiolytic activity of the lupeol derivatives. Sniffing, rearing and licking activities for lupeol derivatives LAH3 and LAPEA3 were found to be 35%, 33%, and 40% and 40.33%, 38%, and 33.33% respectively when it compared with standard and control groups. This model is suggestive of the absence of negative symptoms alleviating property of all the treatment groups.Conclusions: The lupeol and its semisynthetic derivatives possess anxiolytic, CNS inhibitory, and antipsychotic effects to varying degree.

scholarly journals Behavioral Response of Multimammate Rat (Mastomys Natalensis, Smith 1834) on Selected Crude Pesticidal Plant Extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mdangi M. ◽  
B. Borremans ◽  
Sibuga P. K. ◽  
Mulungu L. S.
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
And Control ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Key Questions

A plus maze arrangement was set at the Rodent Control Centre, Morogoro, Tanzania to investigate the rat behavior when subjected to maize seeds dressed with crude extracts of Lantana camara leaves (200 g), Ricinus communis seeds (150 g) and Euphorbia candelabrum latex (300 ml). The choice and no-choice test were set using a group of ten rats (5M+ 5F) in five plastic buckets. Each plastic bucket was fixed with RECONIX camera trap on top for picture capturing. Animals were provided with drinking water at the center bucket. In each experiment observation was made for four consecutive days where maize damaged seed, rat activities type (feeding, walking, resting, playing, sentry, grooming, biting others and approaching food) data were daily recorded. Results revealed that there was significant difference (p=0.00001) in maize damaged seed between treatments. With regards to nocturnal behavior, significant difference between treated and control on L. camara leaf (p=0.01301) and R. communis seed (p less than 0.00001) with no significant effect on E. candelabrum latex (p=0.93254) was observed. “Authors are grateful to the financial support provided by the Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH), Tanzania that enabled accomplishment of this work.” No significant difference between treatments on the proportion of rat pictures approaching food (p=0.64821), biting each other (p = 0.91205), grooming (p=0.59964), feeding (p=0.27042), playing (p=0.36140), sentry (p=0.819821) and walking (p=0.06749). However, there was a significant difference on resting (p=0.02998). In general, this study recommends the use of R. communis for management of M. natalensis in maize farming system due low number of maize damaged seeds. However, several key questions remain, the most urgent being to extract the active compounds responsible for efficacy against rodent pest.

Screening of Antianxiety Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Verbena officinalis Aerial Parts

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Reecha Madaan ◽  
Shabir Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

Verbena officinalis L. (Vervain; family-Verbenaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments especially in mental disorders, but no systematic work has been carried out to validate traditional claims of plant. Therefore, it was planned to screen antianxiety activity of extracts and fractions of V. officinalis aerial parts. Crude extracts of V. officinalis aerial parts were prepared by extracting the plant material successively with n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. The antianxiety activity of crude extracts was performed at the doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o., upon acute administration in mice using elevated plus maze model. The bioactive extract was partitioned using ethyl acetate, and ethyl acetate fraction (50 or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and remaining bioactive extract (150 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) were also screened for antianxiety activity. The statistical significance was checked by comparing with standard drug and control using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), which was followed by post hoc analysis – StudentNewman-Keul’s test. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant antianxiety activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, with respect to control and statistically equivalent to the standard drug (Diazepam, 2 mg/kg, p.o.). The bioactive ethyl acetate fraction is rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Finally, it is concluded that these are major anxiolytic constituents of V. officinalis.

scholarly journals Research and Application of Critical Failure Paths Identification Method for Dam Risk Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kun He ◽  
Liang Pei ◽  
Xiang Lu ◽  
Jiankang Chen ◽  
Zhenyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Failure Path ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Dam is an important part of the national infrastructure, and its safety has been widely concerned. Risk identification of dams plays a significant role in risk assessment and control. Finding out some critical failure paths through adopting timely measures can help reduce the risk occurrence probability effectively. This paper develops an identification method based on the credibility and the interval analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) methods, namely, consistency and difference-based interval analytic hierarchy process (CDB-IAHP) method, to identify the critical failure paths of dams exactly considering the dynamic cognition degree of decision-makers. Based on the fault tree analysis (FTA) method, the framework and analysis for critical failure paths identification of a gravity dam and an Earth-rockfill dam are conducted and made. The results show that the critical failure paths obtained by the proposed method are in line with the statistical data, and the importance of disaster causing factors has some difference with the traditional method. Additionally, some engineering and nonengineering measures are suggested to reduce the impact of potential failure paths. The applications demonstrate that the proposed method shows good applicability for risk analysis and critical failure path mining of dams.

scholarly journals Chewing Prevents Stress-Induced Hippocampal LTD Formation and Anxiety-Related Behaviors: A Possible Role of the Dopaminergic System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumie Ono ◽  
So Koizumi ◽  
Minoru Onozuka
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Ventral Hippocampus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 Region ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
And Control

The present study examined the effects of chewing on stress-induced long-term depression (LTD) and anxiogenic behavior. Experiments were performed in adult male rats under three conditions: restraint stress condition, voluntary chewing condition during stress, and control condition without any treatments except handling. Chewing ameliorated LTD development in the hippocampal CA1 region. It also counteracted the stress-suppressed number of entries to the center region of the open field when they were tested immediately, 30 min, or 60 min after restraint. At the latter two poststress time periods, chewing during restraint significantly increased the number of times of open arm entries in the elevated plus maze, when compared with those without chewing. Thein vivomicrodialysis further revealed that extracellular dopamine concentration in the ventral hippocampus, which is involved in anxiety-related behavior, was significantly greater in chewing rats than in those without chewing from 30 to 105 min after stress exposure. Development of LTD and anxiolytic effects ameliorated by chewing were counteracted by administering the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390, which suggested that chewing may activate the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus to suppress stress-induced anxiogenic behavior.

scholarly journals Thiamine Deficiency Causes Long-Lasting Neurobehavioral Deficits in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Wen Wen ◽  
Liying Wu ◽  
Mei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Moderate Change ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Thiamine deficiency (TD) has detrimental effects on brain health and neurobehavioral development, and it is associated with many aging-related neurological disorders. To facilitate TD-related neuropsychological studies, we generated a TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-deficient diet for 30 days, followed by re-feeding the control diet for either one week or 16 weeks as recovery treatment. We then performed neurobehavioral tests in these two cohorts: cohort of one week post TD treatment (1 wk-PTDT) and 16 weeks post TD treatment (16 wks-PTDT). The TD mice showed no significant difference from control in any tests in the 1 wk-PTDT cohort at the age of 13–14 weeks. The tests for the 16 wks-PTDT cohort at the age of 28–29 weeks, however, demonstrated anxiety and reduced locomotion in TD animals in open field and elevated plus maze. In comparison, rotor rod and water maze revealed no differences between TD and control mice. The current findings of the differential effects of the same TD treatment on locomotion and anxiety at different ages may reflect the progressive and moderate change of TD-induced neurobehavioral effects. The study suggests that, even though the immediate neurobehavioral impact of TD is modest or negligible at a young age, the impact could develop and become severe during the aging process.

scholarly journals NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DERIVATIVES OF LUPEOL IN RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Ankita Wal ◽  
Pranay Wal ◽  
Ruchi Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Aldol Condensation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cns Depressant ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Elevated Maze ◽  
And Control ◽  
Derivatives Of

Objective: The neuropharmacological activities of ethanolic extract derivatives of lupeol are being screened on rats. Prepared derivatives are evaluated for their locomotor, anxiolytic and stereotype activities. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the antipsychotic effect of semisynthetic derivatives of lupeol using rat models of elevated maze model and apomorphine-induced stereotype behavior.Methods: Lupeol was extracted from Crataeva nurvala bark using ethano. After chemical modification, we made different derivatives using aldol condensation. Different derivatives were obtained from a series of reaction previously published LAH-3, LAP-3, LAPEA-3, LAMP-3, LATS-3, and LAS-3. Neuropharmacological effects, including anxiolytic, central nervous inhibitory, and stereotype antipsychotic effects were evaluated in the different derivatives of lupeol at a dose of 250 mg/kg using standard methods.Results: The absolute derivatives of LAH3 and LAPEA3 showed a significant reduction in the activity score in actophotometer test. Reduction in the locomotor activity indicates central nervous system (CNS) depressant property of the drug. LAMP3 and LAS3 show a significant anxiolytic effect. From the result of elevated plus maze, it was evident that derivatives of lupeol treated animals exhibit an increased number of entries into open arm when compared to normal control, which shows the anxiolytic activity of the lupeol derivatives. Sniffing, rearing and licking activities for lupeol derivatives LAH3 and LAPEA3 were found to be 35%, 33%, and 40% and 40.33%, 38%, and 33.33% respectively when it compared with standard and control groups. This model is suggestive of the absence of negative symptoms alleviating property of all the treatment groups.Conclusions: The lupeol and its semisynthetic derivatives possess anxiolytic, CNS inhibitory, and antipsychotic effects to varying degree.

scholarly journals Research on hazard installations identification method of power equipment in ship

2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Guobing Chen ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Guoqing Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Power Equipment ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Equipment Safety ◽  
And Control

Hazard installation identification was the key and difficult point for ship power equipment safety management. According to the characteristics of ship power equipments, this article analyzed the characteristic of hazard installations, given the range and classification of hazard installation identification. Combining hazard installation checklist and routing inspection, the method and process of hazards installation identification was proposed for ship power equipment, which laid a foundation for its risk assessment and control.

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