scholarly journals Efficacy Profiles of Antimicrobials Evaluated against Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Canine Clinical Specimens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3232
Author(s):  
Daniel Nenene Qekwana ◽  
Agricola Odoi ◽  
James Wabwire Oguttu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Efficacy Profile

Cross-resistance occurs between antimicrobials with either similar mechanisms of action and/or similar chemical structures, or even between unrelated antimicrobials. This study employed a multivariate approach to investigate the associations between the efficacy profile of antimicrobials and the clustering of eleven different antimicrobial agents based on their efficacy profile. Records of the susceptibility of 382 confirmed Staphylococcus species isolates against 15 antimicrobials based on the disc diffusion method were included in this study. Tetrachoric correlation coefficients were computed to assess the correlations of antimicrobial efficacy profiles against Staphylococcus aureus. Principal components analysis and factor analysis were used to assess the clustering of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Strong correlations were observed among aminoglycosides, penicillins, fluroquinolones, and lincosamides. Three main factors were extracted, with Factor 1 dominated by the susceptibility profile of enrofloxacin (factor loading (FL) = 0.859), gentamicin (FL = 0.898), tylosin (FL = 0.801), and ampicillin (FL = −0.813). Factor 2, on the other hand, was dominated by the susceptibility profile of clindamycin (FL = 0.927) and lincomycin-spectinomycin (FL = 0.848) and co-trimazole (FL = −0.693). Lastly, Factor 3 was dominated by the susceptibility profile of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (FL = 0.848) and cephalothin (FL = 0.824). Antimicrobials belonging to the same category or class of antimicrobial, tended to exhibit similar efficacy profiles, therefore, laboratories must choose only one of the antimicrobials in each group to help reduce the cost of antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and artisanal cheese in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Parussolo ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Pilegi Sfaciotte ◽  
Karine Andrezza Dalmina ◽  
Fernanda Danielle Melo ◽  
Ubirajara Maciel Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
E Coli

The serrano artisanal cheese is a typical product from South region of Brazil, which is produced by skilled cheesemakers using raw milk. The contamination of this food by Escherichia coli has a great impact on public health, since it could threat the consumers’ health. The study evaluated the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and bofilm-production ability of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from raw milk and artisanal cheese produced in Southern Brazil. A total of 117 isolates of E. coli were characterized by multiplex PCR to detect the following virulence genes: eae for enteropatogenic E. coli (EPEC), lt and st for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), stx for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), stx and eae for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 22 antimicrobial agents was also performed by disk diffusion method, and we searched for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase- producing isolates. Isolates that were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase were further investigated for the presence of the genes: blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, for ESBL and blaOXA-48 for carbapenemase. Further, isolates had their ability to form biofilms investigated by the red Congo agar method. Virulence genes of E. coli were identified in 21.37% of the tested isolates, which were classified as EPEC (the most prevalent pathotype) and ETEC or EAEC. Ten (8.55%) of the total studied E. coli isolates revealed a multidrug-resistant profile, since they were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes; whereas four isolates (3.42%) were classified as ESBL-producers and showed the presence of blaTEM gene. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenemase activity nor did they carry carbapenemase genes. From the total of E. coli isolates, 79 (67.52%) were considered potential biofilm producers. These results address a serious public health issue, since artisanal cheeses pose a risk to consumers’ health, since may be sources of dissemination of diarrheogenic E. coli, that can cause from subclinical to severe and fatal infections in children and adults, and also emphasize the need to improve adaptations/adjustments in the manufacturing processes of these products.

scholarly journals Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter spp. in raw “souvlaki” marketed in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SOULTOS (Ν. ΣΟΥΛΤΟΣ) ◽  
E. IOSSIFIDOU (Ε. ΙΩΣΗΦΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
E. PSOMAS (Ε. ΨΩΜΑΣ) ◽  
Z. TZIKAS (Ζ. ΤΖΗΚΑΣ) ◽  
T. LAZOU (Θ. ΛΑΖΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Infections ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Souvlaki is a popular Greek meat product consisting of small chunks or cubes of pork threaded on a small wooden or metal skewer. In the present study, 105 samples of raw pork souvlaki obtained from retail shops in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) were screened for the incidence of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents; serotyping of the isolates was also performed. Of the samples tested, 1.9% were positive for Salmonella and yielded 3 serovars (S. SaintPaul, S. Fyris and S. Typhimurium); 31.4% proved positive for Listeria spp. with 6.7% yielding L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to molecular serogroups 2 (serotypes 1/2c and 3c) and 4 ( serotypes 4b, 4d, and 4e). Campylobacter spp. were not detected in any of the samples tested. The antimicrobial susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents of 11 Salmonella strains and 7 L. monocytogenes strains was also determined by disc diffusion method. Salmonella spp. were susceptible to a panel of 12 antibiotics but displayed intermediate resistance to tetracycline. L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, partly resistant to clindamycin and cefotaxime, but sensitive to all antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human listeriosis. Our findings indicate that souvlaki could be a potential vehicle of food borne infections due to strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in the case of inadequate thermal processing. In addition, good hygienic practices must be applied to avoid cross-contamination during preparation or handling of the product.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella isolates among children aged below five years with diarrhea attending Robe General Hospital and Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Assefa ◽  
Mengistu Girma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background Diarrheal diseases are responsible for high level of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children below 5 years. Salmonella and Shigella spp. are pathogenic microbes responsible for the major diarrheal associated mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with Salmonella and Shigella isolates infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among diarrheic children aged below 5 years attending BRGH and GRH, Ethiopia. Methods A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2016. One stool samples was collected from 422 diarrheic children under the ages of five and were cultured on to Hektoen Enteric (HE) and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Isolation identification of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates were conducted using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were defined as multidrug resistant if it was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Descriptive statistics were employed and logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors associated with Shigella/Salmonella prevalence. Results The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were 6.9 and 4.3%, respectively. Children aged between 1 to 3 years were significantly associated with Salmonella infection [AOR = 19.08, 95% CI (2.68–135.86)]. The odd of prevalence of Salmonella/Shigella isolates was significantly associated with absence of latrine, absence of hand washing after latrine, and in unimmunized children in adjusted odd ratio. Unimproved water sources and hand washing before meal had also higher odd of prevalence although the difference was not significant. All Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%). In addition, all Shigella isolates were completely resistant to chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and were multidrug resistant. However, all Salmonella and Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Conclusion There was a relatively low prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species in the study areas and were significantly associated with lack of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. There were also higher drug resistance and multidrug resistant pattern. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, including access to latrine and supply of safe drinking water are suggested. Checking susceptibilities of Shigella and Salmonella isolates causing diarrhea is also suggested.

Synthesis of novel NSAIDs linked to triazolyl-oxadiazole heterocyclic compounds as more comprehensive antimicrobial agents: A computational molecular docking

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Adamshafi ◽  
Venkatarao Veera ◽  
Mohan Rao SVM ◽  
Kishore Pilli VVN
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Chemical Structures

Introduction: Progress in the development of triazolyl-oxadiazoles is a bisphosphonate-700 inhibitor is still continuing with an outcome of the good scaffold as oxadiazole as well as triazoles individually for antibacterial activity. Hence, we proposed a suitable approach for the synthesis of dual heterocyclic analogues consisting of the therapeutically used non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a combined form and evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal activities, docking studies. Methods: The chemical structures were confirmed by various spectroscopic methods like IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass, and elemental analysis. The antibacterial, antifungal activity of these compounds was screened against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal stains by agar well diffusion method. The crystal structure of S. aureus complexed with active site of bisphosphonate BPH-700 (2ZCS) was obtained from the Protein Database (PDB, http://www.rcsb.org). Molecular properties, drug likeness score, lipophilicity and solubility parameters by Molinspiration and Molsoft software. 7f (2-NO2, 5-Ome), 7g (3-Cl, 4-Cl), 7a (2-NO2) Results: Among the synthesised NSAID-triazolyl-oxadiazole containing 2-nitro-5-methoxy (7f), 3,4-dichloro (7g) derivatives were found to be high active antibacterial agents against S. aureus, E. coli with MICs 16, 19 μg/mL respectively. 2-nitro-5-methoxy (7f), 4-bromo (7h) and 2-nitro (7a) derivatives displayed superior antifungal activity against A. niger and MICs 56, 76, 130 μg/mL respectively. From molecular docking NSAID linked to 3,4-dichloro analogue (7g) revealed stronger binding interaction (ΔG =7.90 Kcal/Mol) with amino acids Asp49 (1.19 A˚), Arg45 (2.17 A˚), Lys17, Lys46 in the active site of S. aureus complexed with bisphosphonate Bph-700 (2ZCS). The compounds followed the Lipinski ‘Rule of five’ were synthesized for antimicrobial screening as oral bioavailable drugs/leads. Maximum drug likeness model score 0.49, 0.41 was found for compounds 7h, 7b. Conclusion: The present work, through simple synthetic approaches, led to the development of novel hybrids of triazole-oxadiazole pharmacophores that exhibited remarkable biological activities against different microorganisms. The compounds showed suitable drug like properties and are expected to present good bioavailability profile. Discussion: An efficient combination of molecular modeling and biological activity provided an insight into QSAR guide lines that could aid in further development of these derivatives.

scholarly journals Prevalence and drug resistance of Salmonella in dogs and cats in Xuzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Lingling Wei ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Wangfeng Shao ◽  
Tongzheng Sun ◽  
Jianyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates

AbstractIntroductionSalmonellosis is a zoonotic disease, and Salmonella spp. can sometimes be found in dogs and cats, posing a risk to human health. In this study, the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of faecal Salmonella were investigated in pet dogs and cats in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.Material and MethodsFaecal samples from 243 dogs and 113 cats, at seven pet clinics, were tested between March 2018 and May 2019. Each Salmonella isolate was characterised using serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility tests.ResultsThe prevalence of Salmonella was 9.47% in dogs and 1.77% in cats. Among the 25 isolates, eight serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were detected, S. Kentucky (n = 11), S. Indiana (n = 5), and S. Typhimurium (n = 4) predominating. S. Derby, S. Toucra, S. Sandiego, S. Newport, and S. Saintpaul all occurred singly. The 23 Salmonella strains found in dogs were from seven different serovars, while the two strains in cats were from two. The highest resistance rates were found for tetracycline (92%), azithromycin (88%), cefazolin (84%), nalidixic acid (80%), ampicillin (80%), ceftriaxone (80%), and streptomycin (76%). Resistance to three or more antimicrobial agents was detected in 24 (96%) isolates. Most of the S. Kentucky and S. Indiana isolates were multi-drug resistant to more than 11 agents.ConclusionThe carriage rate was far higher in dogs than in cats from Xuzhou. Some isolated strains were highly resistant to antimicrobials used to treat infections in humans and pets, which may raise the risk of humans being infected with multi-drug resistant Salmonella via close contact with pets.

scholarly journals Colonization, Virulence Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from the Anterior Nares of Medical and Paramedical Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Venkataramana Kandi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Background: Hospital environment and healthcare personnel form an integral part of healthcare system. Patients visit the hospital for various reasons. Some patients require hospitalization and others require medical and surgical interventions. Microbes present in the hospital environment and those colonized in the anterior nares, and on the skin of healthcare personnel could pose an increased threat of hospital acquired infections. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one among many microbial species with potential to cause mild to severe infections that could be present colonized in the healthcare personnel. This study is aimed to evaluate the colonization of S. aureus in the anterior nares of medical and paramedical students. Methods: Nasal swabs were collected from a total of 100 medical, and paramedical students. The swabs were cultured on blood agar, and the staphylococcal isolates were identified to the species level by using standard and conventional microbiological techniques. The colonies were counted on isolation (<10 colonies-scanty growth; <25 colonies-moderate growth; <50 colonies-moderate to heavy growth; and > 50 colonies; heavy growth). The virulence determinants including hemolysis, pigment production was assessed. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Microbes had grown in 97% of the nasal swabs. Most frequent bacterial isolates were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS), and diphtheroid bacteria (bacterial resembling Corynebacterium diphtheriae. S. aureus was isolated in 13% of the study participants. Conclusion: The isolation rates of S. aureus were noted to be 13%. Increased resistance was noted against vancomycin, and commonly used antimicrobial agents. Most isolates demonstrated hemolysis on blood agar.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, presence of integrons and associated cassette genes among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Southern part of Iran, Shiraz

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedSajjad Khoramrooz ◽  
Saba Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Motamedifar ◽  
Abdollah Bazargani ◽  
Kamiar Zomorodian
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gene Cassettes

Abstract Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a global concern to cause the health-care-associated infections, due to multidrug resistance against available commercially antimicrobial agents. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of A.baumannii isolates from clinical specimens in Shiraz, and explore the possible relationship of susceptibility patterns with the presence of integrons and related gene cassettes. Methods A.baumannii isolates were collected, and their susceptibility to various antibiotics was tested using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Also, molecular analyses were performed to detect the presence of OXA-51 like gene, class I, II and III integrons, and associated gene cassettes. Results Majority of isolates demonstrated resistance to imipenem(99.4%),piperacilin(98.2%),gentamycin (98.2%) meropenem (97.7%)ceftazidime(95.4%)amikacin(95.4%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (90.8%). All strains showed multidrug-resistance to most of the tested antibiotics. The distribution analysis of integrons genes showed that 90.2%, 72.4% and 12.1% of isolates carried the intI 1, intI2 and intI3 genes, respectively. Moreover, two types of prevalent gene cassettes including aad and dfr were detected in Class 1 integron-carrying strains. Conclusions The current study showed the high prevalence of A.baumannii isolates harboring integrons in our investigated medical center, which may propel distribution of multidrug resistance event. The different types of gene cassette arrays in the present study spotlight the remarkable role of geographical issues in MDR isolates dissemination. This subject could attribute to choose appropriate therapeutic interventions in different areas. Obtained data highlighted the necessity for continuous surveillance to prevent distribution of multidrug resistance among A.baumannii strains in Iran.

scholarly journals 2372. PCR Ribotype and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clostridioides (Formerly Clostridium) difficile in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S818-S818
Author(s):  
Cheon Hoo Jeon ◽  
Yu Mi Wi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile infection is a leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The epidemiology and characteristics of C. difficile vary geographically. We performed toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA), toxigenic gene analysis, antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST), and PCR ribotyping to elucidate the characteristics of C. difficile in Korea. Methods Between July 2017 and June 2018, C. difficile was prospectively isolated in 128 specimens from the culture of 1,182 unduplicated specimens. Seventy-five stool specimens with a positive toxin EIA between July 2016 and June 2017 were also included. We performed PCR for the tcdA and tcdB genes on these isolates, and AST and PCR ribotyping on the isolates with a positive toxin EIA. Results Older patients tended to have a higher rate of positive toxin EIA and positive cultures than did younger patients. Ribotype 018 was predominantly identified (48.6%), followed by ribotype 014/020 (9.9%), and ribotype 002 (8.3%). All of A-B+ isolates were either ribotype 017 or B-2. Ribotypes 017, 018, and B-2 showed high resistance to various antibiotics. In contrast, ribotypes 002, 014/020 and C-4 demonstrated low resistance rates, except that to moxifloxacin in ribotype 002. Clindamycin and erythromycin showed a positive correlation. Most of the isolates resistant to rifampicin or tetracycline showed a high MIC to both erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusion Ribotype 018, which is highly transmissible and resistant to various antimicrobial agents, is predominant in Korea. Ribotype 002 has also been increasing in prevalence in Korea. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of Some 4-(Substituted)-Ethanoylamino-3-Mercapto-5- (4-Substituted) Phenyl-1,2,4-Triazoles

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Kamal Shah ◽  
Pradeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Triazoles and triazoles with different substituent groups are found to possess diverse application in the  field of medicine and industry. A series of 4-(substituted) ethanoylamino-3-mercapto-5-(4-substituted) phenyl-1,2,4-  triazoles were synthesized as novel antimicrobial agents starting from different 4-substituted benzoic acids. The  chemical structures of these newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FAB+-mass  spectral data and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial activity of title compounds were examined against two gram  positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), two gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,  Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum) using disc  diffusion method. Some of the compounds bearing methoxy group exhibited moderate to good antibacterial and  antifungal activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12481 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 7-18, 2012 (June)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document