scholarly journals Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter spp. in raw “souvlaki” marketed in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. SOULTOS (Ν. ΣΟΥΛΤΟΣ) ◽  
E. IOSSIFIDOU (Ε. ΙΩΣΗΦΙΔΟΥ) ◽  
E. PSOMAS (Ε. ΨΩΜΑΣ) ◽  
Z. TZIKAS (Ζ. ΤΖΗΚΑΣ) ◽  
T. LAZOU (Θ. ΛΑΖΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Infections ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Souvlaki is a popular Greek meat product consisting of small chunks or cubes of pork threaded on a small wooden or metal skewer. In the present study, 105 samples of raw pork souvlaki obtained from retail shops in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece) were screened for the incidence of Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents; serotyping of the isolates was also performed. Of the samples tested, 1.9% were positive for Salmonella and yielded 3 serovars (S. SaintPaul, S. Fyris and S. Typhimurium); 31.4% proved positive for Listeria spp. with 6.7% yielding L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to molecular serogroups 2 (serotypes 1/2c and 3c) and 4 ( serotypes 4b, 4d, and 4e). Campylobacter spp. were not detected in any of the samples tested. The antimicrobial susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents of 11 Salmonella strains and 7 L. monocytogenes strains was also determined by disc diffusion method. Salmonella spp. were susceptible to a panel of 12 antibiotics but displayed intermediate resistance to tetracycline. L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, partly resistant to clindamycin and cefotaxime, but sensitive to all antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human listeriosis. Our findings indicate that souvlaki could be a potential vehicle of food borne infections due to strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in the case of inadequate thermal processing. In addition, good hygienic practices must be applied to avoid cross-contamination during preparation or handling of the product.

Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2807-2816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Su Jang ◽  
Tímea Mosolygó
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Scientific Attention

: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).

scholarly journals Occurrence, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolates from captive wildlife, their caretakers, feed and water in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543-1549
Author(s):  
Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya ◽  
Cheruplackal Karunakaran Athira ◽  
Mani Saminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Direct Pcr ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractOccurrence of Salmonella spp. in captive wild animal species in India is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of different Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial resistance patterns and genotypic relatedness of recovered isolates. A total of 370 samples including faecal (n = 314), feed and water (n = 26) and caretakers stool swabs (n = 30) were collected from 40 different wild animal species in captivity, their caretakers, feed and water in four zoological gardens and wildlife enclosures in India. Salmonellae were isolated using conventional culture methods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and genotyping was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. Animal faecal samples were also subjected to direct PCR assay. Salmonella was detected in 10 of 314 (3.1%) faecal samples by isolation and 18 of 314 (5.7%) samples by direct PCR assay; one of 26 (3.8%) feed and water samples and five of 30 (16.7%) caretakers stool swabs by isolation. Salmonella was more commonly isolated in faecal samples from golden pheasants (25%; 2/8) and leopard (10%; 2/20). Salmonella enterica serotypes of known public health significance including S. Typhimurium (37.5%; 6/14), S. Kentucky (28.5%; 4/14) and S. Enteritidis (14.3%; 2/14) were identified. While the majority of the Salmonella isolates were pan-susceptible to the commonly used antibiotics. Seven (43.7%; 7/16) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one isolate each among them exhibited penta and tetra multidrug-resistant types. Three S. Kentucky serotype were identified in a same golden pheasants cage, two from the birds and one from the feed. This serotype was also isolated from its caretaker. Similarly, one isolate each of S. Typhimurium were recovered from ostrich and its caretaker. These isolates were found to be clonally related suggesting that wildlife may serve as reservoir for infections to humans and vice versa. These results emphasise the transmission of Salmonella among hosts via environmental contamination of feces to workers, visitors and other wildlife.

scholarly journals Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from domestic pigeons Columba livia var. domestica in 2007-2017 in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 6280-2019
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA LEDWOŃ ◽  
MAGDALENA RZEWUSKA ◽  
MICHAŁ CZOPOWICZ ◽  
MAGDALENA KIZERWETTER-ŚWIDA ◽  
DOROTA CHROBAK-CHMIEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in pigeons. The disease occurs in birds of different ages, and long-term Salmonella spp. carrier status is a major problem. The study included 499 samples from live pigeons and internal organs from 265 necropsied birds. The samples were cultured on a standard and selective media. Their antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Thirty one Salmonella spp. isolates were cultured. Most isolates were obtained from the internal organs of dead or euthanised pigeons, and only single isolates were obtained from droppings and cloacal swabs. A total of 4% of the samples tested were positive. The greatest percentage of isolates was susceptible to enrofloxacin (96.3%) and florfenicol (95.7%). Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim combination was effective against 73.9% of the isolates. Despite the fact of increasing antibiotic resistance of the investigated bacteria, it is comforting that enrofloxacin remains highly effective despite its widespread use in birds.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and artisanal cheese in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Parussolo ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Pilegi Sfaciotte ◽  
Karine Andrezza Dalmina ◽  
Fernanda Danielle Melo ◽  
Ubirajara Maciel Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
E Coli

The serrano artisanal cheese is a typical product from South region of Brazil, which is produced by skilled cheesemakers using raw milk. The contamination of this food by Escherichia coli has a great impact on public health, since it could threat the consumers’ health. The study evaluated the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and bofilm-production ability of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from raw milk and artisanal cheese produced in Southern Brazil. A total of 117 isolates of E. coli were characterized by multiplex PCR to detect the following virulence genes: eae for enteropatogenic E. coli (EPEC), lt and st for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), stx for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), stx and eae for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 22 antimicrobial agents was also performed by disk diffusion method, and we searched for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase- producing isolates. Isolates that were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase were further investigated for the presence of the genes: blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, for ESBL and blaOXA-48 for carbapenemase. Further, isolates had their ability to form biofilms investigated by the red Congo agar method. Virulence genes of E. coli were identified in 21.37% of the tested isolates, which were classified as EPEC (the most prevalent pathotype) and ETEC or EAEC. Ten (8.55%) of the total studied E. coli isolates revealed a multidrug-resistant profile, since they were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes; whereas four isolates (3.42%) were classified as ESBL-producers and showed the presence of blaTEM gene. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenemase activity nor did they carry carbapenemase genes. From the total of E. coli isolates, 79 (67.52%) were considered potential biofilm producers. These results address a serious public health issue, since artisanal cheeses pose a risk to consumers’ health, since may be sources of dissemination of diarrheogenic E. coli, that can cause from subclinical to severe and fatal infections in children and adults, and also emphasize the need to improve adaptations/adjustments in the manufacturing processes of these products.

scholarly journals Isolates, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Multidrug Resistance of Bacteria Cultured from Pig Submissions in New Zealand

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Riley ◽  
Kirsty L. Chidgey ◽  
Janis P. Bridges ◽  
Emma Gordon ◽  
Kevin E. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Data on the scope of bacterial pathogens present and the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in New Zealand’s pigs are limited. This study describes bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility data, and multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) from New Zealand pig submissions. Porcine test data from June 2003 to February 2016 were obtained from commercial veterinary pathology laboratory records. In total, 470/477 unique submissions resulted in bacterial growth, yielding 779 isolates. Sample type was recorded for 360/477 (75.5%); lung (79/360; 21.9%), faecal (61/360; 16.9%) and intestinal (45/360; 12.5%) were most common. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (186/779, 23.9%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (43/779; 5.5%), Streptococcus suis (43/779; 5.5%), unidentified Campylobacter spp. (38/779; 4.9%), alpha haemolytic Streptococci (32/779; 4.1%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (26/779; 3.3%), and Pasteurella multocida (25/779; 3.2%). Susceptibility results were available for 141/779 (18.1%) isolates from 62/470 (13.2%) submissions. Most were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulphonamide (75/81; 92.6%), but fewer were susceptible to penicillin (37/77; 48.1%), tilmicosin (18/43; 41.9%), or tetracyclines (41/114; 36.0%). No susceptibility data were available for Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., or Yersinia spp. isolates. MDR was present in 60/141 (42.6%) isolates. More data on sample submission drivers, antimicrobial drug use, and susceptibilities of important porcine bacterial isolates are required to inform guidelines for prudent antimicrobial use, to reduce their prevalence, human transmission, and to minimise AMR and MDR.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM FRESH FISHES SOLD IN SELECTED UPAZILA MARKETS OF BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Seel ◽  
S. M. L. Kabir ◽  
M. A. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Health Significance

Aquatic environments are the major reservoirs of Salmonella. Therefore, fishery products have been recognized as a major carrier of food-borne organism. Fish is known to harbor bacteria of public health significance. Aquatic environments are known to influence the bacterial loads in the harvested fish. The present work was undertaken for molecular detection and characterization of Salmonella species isolated from fresh fishes sold in different markets of Jamalpur,Tangail, Kishorganj and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh. The isolates were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics with standard reference organisms, and molecular methods. Out of 20 pangas fish (Pangasius spp.) samples the number of samples found to be positive for Salmonella spp was 14 (70%); of 20 koi fish (Anabas spp.) samples this number was 17 (85%); and of 20 tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) samples it was 15 (75%). All the isolates of Salmonella were confirmed by targeting genus specific histidine transport operon gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed to know the susceptibility and resistance patterns of the isolates to different antimicrobial agents. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test shows that 40 (86.95%) isolates were found to be resistant to azithromycin, 42 (91.30%) were resistant to erythromycin. On the other hand all isolates were 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, 38 (82.62%) were susceptible to norfloxacin, 40 (86.95%) were susceptible to streptomycin.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species from clinical specimens and food Items in Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukayna M Fadlallah ◽  
Marwa Shehab ◽  
Katia Cheaito ◽  
Majd Saleh ◽  
Nada Ghosn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agriculture Research Institute

Introduction: Foodborne illnesses can be due to a wide range of bacteria, one of the most common being Salmonella. In this study, PulseNet International was implemented in Lebanon to identify circulating pathogens at the species and strain levels, determine antimicrobial resistance, and link food sources and clinical cases during outbreaks. Methodology: Clinical and food Salmonella isolates received from the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit, Ministry of Public Health (ESUMOH) and the Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute (LARI) between 2011 and 2014 were identified to the species level using API 20E. Serotyping was carried out using the Kauffman and White scheme. Antimicrobial susceptibility to a panel of antimicrobials was tested by the disc diffusion method. The DNA fingerprinting patterns were determined using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) followed by BIONUMERICS analysis. Results: 290 clinical and 49 food isolates were identified to be Salmonella. The serotyping of the isolates revealed the prevalence of ten serotypes in the clinical isolates and seven serotypes within the food isolates; S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium being the two most common. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed resistance to tested antimicrobials among both clinical and food isolates. PFGE results showed a wide range of pulsotypes by the different serovars. These pulsotypes were then used to confirm the linkage of two outbreaks to their food sources. Conclusion: This study calls out to set and implement food safety regulations and emphasizes the importance of surveillance through a “farm-to-fork” approach in identifying widely circulating food borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella isolates among children aged below five years with diarrhea attending Robe General Hospital and Goba Referral Hospital, South East Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Assefa ◽  
Mengistu Girma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background Diarrheal diseases are responsible for high level of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children below 5 years. Salmonella and Shigella spp. are pathogenic microbes responsible for the major diarrheal associated mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with Salmonella and Shigella isolates infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among diarrheic children aged below 5 years attending BRGH and GRH, Ethiopia. Methods A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2016. One stool samples was collected from 422 diarrheic children under the ages of five and were cultured on to Hektoen Enteric (HE) and Salmonella-Shigella agar. Isolation identification of the Salmonella and Shigella isolates were conducted using standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was done by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates were defined as multidrug resistant if it was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. Descriptive statistics were employed and logistic regression models were constructed to determine factors associated with Shigella/Salmonella prevalence. Results The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella isolates were 6.9 and 4.3%, respectively. Children aged between 1 to 3 years were significantly associated with Salmonella infection [AOR = 19.08, 95% CI (2.68–135.86)]. The odd of prevalence of Salmonella/Shigella isolates was significantly associated with absence of latrine, absence of hand washing after latrine, and in unimmunized children in adjusted odd ratio. Unimproved water sources and hand washing before meal had also higher odd of prevalence although the difference was not significant. All Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%). In addition, all Shigella isolates were completely resistant to chloramphenicol, and tetracycline, and were multidrug resistant. However, all Salmonella and Shigella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Conclusion There was a relatively low prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species in the study areas and were significantly associated with lack of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. There were also higher drug resistance and multidrug resistant pattern. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, including access to latrine and supply of safe drinking water are suggested. Checking susceptibilities of Shigella and Salmonella isolates causing diarrhea is also suggested.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Enteric Fever Patients in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-400
Author(s):  
Anu Maharjan ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Anup Bastola ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Blood Samples

Introduction: Enteric fever, a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica Typhi and S. enterica Paratyphi is one of the most common infections in developing countries such as Nepal. Aside from irrational practices of antibiotic use, mutations in chromosomal genes encoding DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV and by plasmid mediated quinolone resistant (PMQR) genes are suggested mechanisms for the development of resistance to nalidixic acid and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Regardless of high endemicity of enteric fever in Nepal, there is paucity of studies on prevalence and drug-resistance of the pathogen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin. Methods: A total of 1298 blood samples were obtained from patients with suspected enteric fever, attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH) during March–August, 2019. Blood samples were inoculated immediately into BACTEC culture bottles and further processed for isolation and identification of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Axenic cultures of the isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by using the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method based on the guidelines by CLSI. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined by agar-dilution method. Results: Out of 1298 blood cultures, 40 (3.1%) were positive for Salmonella spp. among which 29 (72.5%) isolates were S. Typhi and 11 (27.5%) isolates were S. Paratyphi A. In AST, 12.5% (5/40), 15% (6/40) and 20% (8/40) of the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively, whereas none of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The MIC value for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.06-16 µg/mL in which, respectively, 5% (2/40) and 52.5% (21/40) of the isolates were susceptible and resistant to ciprofloxacin. None of the isolates showed multidrug-resistance (MDR) in this study. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of quinolone-resistant Salmonella spp., while there was marked re-emergence of susceptibilities to traditional first option drugs. Hence, conventional first-line-drugs and third-generation cephalosporins may find potential usage as the empirical drugs for enteric fever. Although our reporting was free of MDR strains, extensive surveillance, augmentation of diagnostic facilities and treatment protocol aided by AST report are recommended for addressing the escalating drug-resistance in the country.

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