scholarly journals Risk and Predictive Factors of Leptospirosis in Dogs Diagnosed with Kidney and/or Liver Disease in Selangor, Malaysia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3405
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Kuan Hua Khor ◽  
Siti Khairani-Bejo ◽  
Seng Fong Lau ◽  
Mazlina Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Clinical Illness

Canine leptospirosis is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. It has been widely reported and causes public health concerns due to its zoonotic potential and its re-emergence, resulting from close contact between humans and dogs. The current study identified potential risk and predictive factors for dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease due to leptospirosis. A total of 124 client-owned dogs were recruited, and information such as signalment, medical history, management, and clinical findings were documented. Samples collected from the recruited dogs were directly tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently inoculated for bacterial isolation. Statistical analyses were descriptively analyzed, and risk analyses were performed using Pearson chi-square tests and logistic regression. A total of 53 dogs (42.7%) were positive for leptospiral infection based on PCR, and 10 leptospiral isolates were successfully recovered from eight dogs. The mortality rate of infected dogs was 34.0% (18/53). Medium and large dog breeds, with a history of exposure to rats, and managed outdoors had a greater risk for leptospirosis (p < 0.05). The significant predictors for the dogs’ positivity were the presence of rats and acute clinical illness (p < 0.05). Administration of antibiotics and the detection of clinical illness at an early stage of the disease improved the survivability of the dogs (p < 0.05). Identifying the profile of dogs that are at risk to leptospirosis could be useful in the design of diagnostic and treatment strategies, as well as to increase awareness for prevention of the disease.

scholarly journals Kondisi Kebersihan Lingkungan Berhubungan dengan Risiko Penularan Kasus Leptospirosis di Area Pasar Tradisional

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Dyah Widiastuti ◽  
Dwi Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Gathering Place ◽  
The Relationship

Leptospirosis is associated with occupations which exposed workers to contaminated environments. The risk of leptospirosis exposure in the market as a gathering place for many people needs to be assessed, to obtain the basis for decision making to anticipate leptospirosis transmission. This study aimed to determine the relationship between market environmental conditions including market sanitation conditions, the level of rat density and the presence of leptospira-positive rats  toward the history of leptospirosis exposure among market workers (traders and janitors). A cross sectional study conducted in 35 markets in Banjarnegara and 175 market workers randomly selected. Blood samples analysed using ELISA against 40 Kda pathogenic Leptospira protein. Rat trapping  conducted in each market for two days with 100 traps. The caught mice examined with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of Leptospira bacteria in their kidneys. Leptospirosis exposure was spread in 17 markets in Banjarnegara. The PCR examination showed that the pathogenic Leptospira infected rats were spread in four markets in Banjarnegara. Chi square test showed that the hygene condition in market area was significantly associated with the leptospirosis exposure. Markets workers (traders and janitors) were at risk for leptospirosis proved by high seroprevalence of leptospirosis in this study.

scholarly journals CT Manifestations and Clinical Features of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infected by Cluster Transmission Within a Family: Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-ming Cao ◽  
Yu-ping Wu ◽  
Tian-wu Chen ◽  
Li-qin Yang ◽  
Xiao-ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: In December 2019, a cluster of patients associated with a seafood wholesale market was confirmed having infected the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. As of Feb 11, 2020, 43144 cases of the 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed in the world, and person-to-person transmission has been recognized. To our knowledge, there are no reports regarding the 2019-nCoV pneumonia infected by cluster transmission within a family. The amount of close contact suspect was increasing. We reported cases of family cluster transmission of the 2019-nCoV infection, showing the differences in computed tomography (CT) manifestations and symptoms between patients with and without history of exposure to the epidemic area (Wuhan).Case Presentation: A 48-year-old man was presented to the hospital in Jan 30, 2020 with a 2-day history of low fever and chill. He had traveled to Wuhan City of Hubei Province of China 12 days before, and was confirmed having the 2019-nCoV infection based on his positive CT manifestations, clinical signs, and real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction results. The other three members of his family without history of exposure to the epidemic area (Wuhan) were subsequently identified having the 2019-nCoV transmissive infection based on the positive findings of real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction, but they did not have abnormal CT manifestations and clinical signs.Conclusion: For patients who have history of exposure to the epidemic area (Wuhan), the 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia can be identified by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction testing and chest CT together with the symptoms. But for patients without exposure to the epidemic area, the 2019-nCoV infection can be confirmed by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction testing and history of close contact with confirmed patients who have history of exposure to the epidemic area.

scholarly journals Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Infection between Aborted & Pregnant Women in Babylon City

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Haider Turky Mousa Al-Mousawi ◽  
Qabas Neamah AL-Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the globally highly prevalent herpesvirus worldwide. CMV infects populations of all ages according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO). CMV infections remain the most common viral complication potentially multiple in humans and are a major cause of congenital normality in women, which is why they are critical for diagnosis in several times when it happens during pregnancy. Pregnant women with CMV infection can be in charge of abortion or congenital expandaedby. This study involves the collection a total of (90) samples taken from each aborted and pregnant woman (70 with abortion cases and 20 of pregnant without history of abortion as control subjects) referring to Babylon teaching hospital for Maternity and Children, covering a period from (October 2018 to March 2019) to investigate the occurrence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Babylon city. Patients and controls were evaluated for IgG, IgM antibodies and anti-HCMV IgG, IgM for (90) subjects were controlled in this study using the Enzyme Immunoassay Test Kit and read by enzyme - linked immunosorbent analyze (ELISA). In addition the  polymerase  chain reaction (PCR)  DNA  detection  for  CMV  are  based  on  the  amplification  of  pathogen  genomes  in  a particular  region  using different primers. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The results show among 90 samples, women were evaluated for CMV infection, the seroprevalence titer was significantly higher at P <0.05 in seropositive cases ranging from 62(89%) toward positive CMV IgG, while the 65 (93%) of patients were positive CMV IgM from (70) women with abortions. By contrast, the results obtained from the controls were 9 (45%) subjects seropositive for IgG and all of them were seronegative with IgM. The anti – HCMV IgG finding showed high positivity that represents the furthermost of CMV infections among females through ages ranging between 20-29 years. Furthermore, the outcomes of molecular detection showed that a small number of samples 13 (19%) were HCMV DNA detectable in aborted women less than in pregnant women 3 (15%).       

scholarly journals PCR detection of Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene in women suffering from abortion

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Aseel S. Mahmood ◽  
Sabeeha A. Al-Sarray ◽  
Abdulkareem Al-Kazaz
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Primary infection of maternal with toxoplasmosis during gestation and this infection transmission to the fetus continue to be the cause complex disease in offspring. Objective: This study was conducted to test the utility of nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) assay to detect recent infections with Toxoplasma in abortive women. Material and methods: Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected by using B1 gene as a target for amplification which was highly specific for T. gondii and is well conserved among all of the tested strains. Blood from 60 abortive women and 25 apparently healthy pregnant women with no history of abortion (as control group) were taken in this current study. Results: The results revealed that nPCR was positive in 48(80%) subjects and negative in 12(20%), Chi-square- χ2 for patients and control was ( 13.82 , 15.75 ) respectively. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nPCR assay in blood has advantage in detection of recent and active toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Contact History of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients from Sindh: A Gender based comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yahya Noori ◽  
Saharish Rizwan ◽  
Zaheer Ali ◽  
Shaheen Sharafat
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gender Based

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the pattern of transmission in patients suffering from Multidrug resistant (MDR) Tuberculosis by assessing their contact information. Data were obtained and analyzed from 164 individuals suffering from MDR TB. Records were scanned to evaluate the presence ofa close contact with known history of Tuberculosis. Tabulations and analysis were performed in Microsoft Excel® and online calculators. Analysis of contact data showed that only 36% of the patients had a close contact with a known Tuberculosis patient. Chi-square test did not show any association between history ofpresence of a contact and the patients’ gender (p>0.5). Among the cases with established exposure with a TB patient among close contacts, 17.5% females and 12.5% males reported exposure with a contact outside the close family. Majority of patients were unaware of the presence of a known contact in their vicinity. There was no association between knowledge about exposure and patients’ gender. The study shows that efforts of active case finding should be employed to find the hidden cases of Tuberculosis in the society to stop the spread by those patients, who are unaware of their disease.

scholarly journals A Case of Manifesting Carrier with DMD Phenotype

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Monika Vinish ◽  
Sudesh Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

A case of a 35-year old female with a history of proximal weakness in lower limbs and bulkiness of both calves manifesting before ten years of age was reported. Clinical findings were suggestive of muscular dystrophy. Genetic analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and direct sequencing revealed several point mutations, which account for dystrophin dysfunction and DMD type pathogenesis.

Clinical and Genetic Profiles of the Aging Sickle Cell Patient.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 75-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E. Ashley-Koch ◽  
Laura M. De Castro ◽  
Felicia Lennon-Graham ◽  
Jude Jonassaint ◽  
Terry L. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Tests Of Association ◽  
History Of

Abstract The life expectancy of many patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is well into the 5th and 6th decade, but this remains extremely variable. Little is known about the biological factors that protect certain SCD patients from early demise while others never reach mid-adulthood. Recently, McKerrell and colleagues (2004) compared the clinical and laboratory profiles of SCD patients aged 40 years and over with SCD patients who were between 21 and 30 years of age. Similarly, we have compared clinical and genetic correlates of older SCD patients (50 years and over) with those of younger patients (18–30 years). Among 514 patients in our total study population, 49 (10%) were categorized as “older” and 194 (38%) were categorized as “younger.” Older SCD patients had lower hemoglobin (older: 7.8 ± 1.1 vs. younger: 8.5 ± 1.2, p=0.004), platelet count (older: 372 ± 126 vs. younger: 460 ± 225, p=0.02), MCV (older: 92 ± 12 vs. younger: 89 ± 9, p=0.08), MCHC (older: 33.6 ± 1.4 vs. younger: 34.3 ± 1.8, p=0.05), and WBC (older: 10.2 ± 2.7 vs. younger: 13.1 ± 4.1, p&lt;0.001). Older patients also had lower total bilirubin (p=0.01), and increased alkaline phosphatase (p=0.0002) and creatinine (p=0.0002), which was associated with poorer creatinine clearance (p&lt;0.0001). The older SCD patients also had increased systolic (p&lt;0.0001) and diastolic (p=0.008) blood pressure, decreased O2 saturation (p=0.03), and a history of fewer pain episodes per year requiring medical treatment (p&lt;0.0001). Many of our findings are consistent with those of McKerrell et al. (2004). In order to identify genetic factors associated with longevity in SCD, we examined 155 SNPs in a total of 41 genes, primarily involved in red blood cell adhesion and inflammation pathways. Chi Square tests of association were constructed for the genotypes of each SNP with the two clinical categories: “older” and “younger.” When the number of rare homozygotes was less than 5 individuals, we combined those individuals with the heterozygote individuals for analysis. All p-values are uncorrected for multiple testing. We found putative associations with 5 SNPs in 3 genes. Three non-coding SNPs in Klotho, not in linkage disequilibrium, exhibited different genotype frequencies in the older versus younger SCD patients (p=0.007, p=0.01 and p=0.01). Similarly, a single non-coding SNP in NOS2A (p=0.02) and TGFBR2 (p=0.02) also exhibited significantly different genotype frequencies in the older versus younger patients. These data support the clinical findings in aging SCD patients reported by McKerrell and colleagues (2004), and they also suggest that genetic factors contribute to variability in longevity in SCD. Interestingly, multiple SNPs in Klotho exhibited differing genotype frequencies in older versus younger patients. Mutations in Klotho have been previously associated with aging-related phenotypes in mice. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms associated with longevity in SCD may help identify those at risk for early demise and in need of more specialized medical care.

scholarly journals Correlation between Histopathological Findings and Endoscopy in Esophageal Cance: Results in Khorramabad, Iran, Western Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Koroush Ghanadi ◽  
A Khatereh Anbari ◽  
Babak Khodadadi ◽  
Morteza Sagharjoghi Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control And Management

Background: Esophageal cancer is a cancer arising of the esophagus and during the past two decades, the epidemiology and treatment strategies for esophageal cancer have changed markedly in the Western Iran.The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical signs, endoscopy findings, and family history of esophageal cancer in the Khorramabad, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional research conducted during 1 year in 2015,96 patients had been diagnosed with esophageal cancer by endoscopy and pathological findings. The data collected through a multipart questionnaire includingage, sex, marital status, education, occupation, address and ethnicity, background as to smoking, alcohol consumption and history of gastric and esophageal cancers. The data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact test.Results: According to findings of this study, the most common clinical signs in the patients were Anorexia (53.1) and Weight Loss (62.5). The most common anatomical site of tumor in male was in the distal esophagus (41.3%) and middle esophagus in female patients (32%), which was statistically significant (P=0.047).Conclusions: In this study, distal esophageal cancer was more common. Abetter identification of Effective factors on esophageal cancer would result in better control and management of this disease.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.619-624

Co-infection with Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni in a dog

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Strobl ◽  
Nikola Pantchev ◽  
Lukas Martin ◽  
Abigail Guija-De-Arespacochaga ◽  
Barbara Hinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Babesia Gibsoni ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract A four-year-old intact male Boxer, that had a history of travelling to Serbia, was referred for lethargy and anaemia. Shortly before the dog was referred, it was diagnosed twice with an infection with Babesia canis and was treated with imidocarb both times. A blood smear evaluation was indicative of the presence of intraerythrocytic piroplasms. After receiving inconclusive results regarding the type of piroplasm, the dog was diagnosed with simultaneous infections with B. canis and Babesia gibsoni via real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) testing. The dog was treated with imidocarb, atovaquone and azithromycin, and in a follow-up examination, the PCR results were negative for B. canis and B. gibsoni. Several weeks later, the dog was presented again, and a PCR was positive for B. gibsoni. After atovaquone and azithromycin failed to eliminate the parasites, a therapy attempt using metronidazole, clindamycin and doxycycline was initiated. Six months after diagnosis, the treatment appeared successful in eliminating B. gibsoni. This case report describes the clinical findings of the co-infection and the initiated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Association of p16 as Prognostic Factors for Oropharyngeal Cancer: Evaluation of p16 in 1470 Patients for a 16 Year Study in Northeast China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-xue Meng ◽  
Su-sheng Miao ◽  
Kexin Chen ◽  
Hui-ning Li ◽  
Guodong Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
P16 Immunohistochemistry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tumorigenesis And Progression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
P16 Expression

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiological risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). Our study investigates the prevalence, prognostic, and clinicopathologic features of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer in Northeast China and elucidates the involvement of p16 in the tumorigenesis and progression of OPSCC. Specimens from 1470 OPSCC patients collected from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed using the status of HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p16 immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of p16 was observed in 81 (5.51%) of the 1470 cases, and HPV positive was present in 78 cases (5.31%) of the 1470 cases. HPV positive and p16 overexpression have a good concordance. However, we found that the etiological fraction of HPV in cancers of the OPSCCs was obviously lower in Northeast China than other cohorts previously reported. Interestingly, nearly 89% of patients with p16 expression were smokers, and nearly 70% of patients with p16 expression had a history of alcohol. Our study also demonstrates that p16 expression is significantly associated with early stage primary OPSCCs and the patients with p16 expression tend to show better survival following surgery and radiotherapy.

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