scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in Alpaca Colostrum during the First Four Days after Parturition

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Maria Mößler ◽  
Kathrin Rychli ◽  
Volker Reichmann ◽  
Thiemo Albert ◽  
Thomas Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Test Kit

Colostrum provides the newborn with nutrients and immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins and their intestinal transfer play a major role in the immune system of neonates since they are born agammaglobulinemic. In this study immunoglobulin G (IgG) content was determined in alpaca colostrum and the correlations of the IgG concentration by fat, protein, lactose and minerals were calculated. Colostrum samples were collected daily from 20 multiparous alpaca mares during the first four days after parturition. The IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion using a Camelid IgG Test Kit. The IgG concentration decreased significantly from 26,319 mg/dL on day 1 to 3848.8 mg/dL on day 4. There were significant correlations between IgG concentration and the other components of the colostrum. While the correlations between IgG and fat (r = −0.69, p ≤ 0.001) and lactose (r = −0.64, p ≤ 0.001) were negative, the correlations with protein (r = 0.91, p ≤ 0.001), magnesium (r = 0.86, p ≤ 0.001) and cobalt (r = 0.87, p ≤ 0.001) were strongly positive. Due to the strong association, the colostrum protein concentration could be used for a brief estimation of the IgG content.

Comparison of Electroimmunodiffusion and Radial Immunodiffusion for Measurement of IgG in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Joseph Perry ◽  
Patrick F Bray ◽  
Theodore N Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radial Immunodiffusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract The detection of a supranormal quantity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in cerebrospinal fluid is valuable in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. In a previously published study of over 300 patients, including 46 patients with a clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, 74% of the patients were found to have an abnormally high IgG value, expressed as a ratio of IgG/albumin, by the reliable method of electroimmunodiffusion. In the present study the recently introduced method of radial immunodiffusion was compared with established electroimmunodiffusion technique in divided samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 49 patients with a wide range of IgG/albumin values. The correlation of the results obtained by these two methods was very good (r = 0.945), but the variance with radial immunodiffusion (±20%) is greater than with electroimmunodiffusion (±15%). Two samples that exhibited increased values by the electroimmunodiffusion method were normal with the other technique. We conclude that electroimmunodiffusion remains a slightly more accurate and sensitive technique, although radial immunodiffusion is simpler and requires less technician time.

scholarly journals Comparison of Five Serological Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Anja Dörschug ◽  
Julian Schwanbeck ◽  
Andreas Hahn ◽  
Anke Hillebrecht ◽  
Sabine Blaschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Immunoglobulin Class ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin Subclass

Serological assays can contribute to the estimation of population proportions with previous immunologically relevant contact with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. In this study, we compared five commercially available diagnostic assays for the diagnostic identification of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Depending on the assessed immunoglobulin subclass, recorded sensitivity ranged from 17.0% to 81.9% with best results for immunoglobulin G. Specificity with blood donor sera ranged from 90.2% to 100%, with sera from EBV patients it ranged from 84.3% to 100%. Agreement from fair to nearly perfect was recorded depending on the immunoglobulin class between the assays, the with best results being found for immunoglobulin G. Only for this immunoglobulin class was the association between later sample acquisition times (about three weeks after first positive PCR results) and positive serological results in COVID-19 patients confirmed. In conclusion, acceptable and comparable reliability for the assessed immunoglobulin G-specific assays could be shown, while there is still room for improvement regarding the reliability of the assays targeting the other immunoglobulin classes.

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

Looking into a New Challenge, DKA and Covid-19 A Review on Pediatric DKA Cases during New Coronavirus Pandemic Who is to Blame, the Virus or Health System?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Vida Tajiknia ◽  
Maryam Ghandali ◽  
Ardavan Ahmadvand ◽  
Ali Afrasiabi ◽  
Reza Pirdehghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Diabetes Type 1 ◽  
The World ◽  
Existing Data

Since the first month of this new pandemic situation, all around the world healthcare system has been facing different challenges and difficulties; patients with chronic diseases such as cancer or diabetes with impaired immune system were at greater risk of infections and complications. It goes without saying that this issue was extremely important among pediatric clinicians dealing with diabetic pediatrics. Diabetes is the number one chronic illness among pediatric patients and the most dangerous and frightened complication of it is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Studies have shown a strong association between pandemic and increase in new diabetes type 1 cases and its lethal complication called DKA. Here we are going to take a look at existing data and report about cases with this condition trying to find the missing piece of a big puzzle; what is the role of Covid-19 in causing Diabetes in previously healthy kids and what is the real association between SARS-COV2 virus infection and DKA? We are going to review different studies, possible mechanism, new t1dm cases and old cases, with or without covid infection, DKA cases and its severity.

scholarly journals Association between spectator and other roles in school bullying

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Marcela Almeida Zequinão ◽  
Pâmella De Medeiros ◽  
Beatriz Pereira ◽  
Fernando Luiz Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aggressive Behaviours

Introduction: The school bullying is characterized by repetitiveness of aggression and the intentionality to injure or cause suffering to others. The bystanders to this phenomenon tend to be mainly responsible for the course that bullying will take and its results. Objective: To analyse the association between the role of bystander with the other possible roles played in bullying. Method: A total of 409 children from the third to seventh grade participated in this study, with an average age of 11 years (SD = 1.61), enrolled in two municipal public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The instruments used were: one of the scales of the Questionnaire for the Study of Violence Among Peers, to identify bystanders, and the Olweus Questionnaire, to describe the possible roles played in school bullying. Results: It was found that most of the participants assumed the role of bystander in school bullying. However, an association was found with regard to gender and being a bystander. Also, strong association was found between being a bystander and the other roles played in bullying, primarily in relation to the bullies. Conclusion: These results reinforce the importance of bystanders in these aggressions, not only because they represent most of the participants, but mainly because of the positive or negative reinforcement they can offer in these aggressive behaviours. Therefore, the incentive and the encouragement of these students to denounce the aggressors, as well as defending the victims is essential to reduce school bullying.

scholarly journals Age-associated inflammation alters the aging trajectory

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Grace Teskey ◽  
Cedoljub Bundalovic-Torma ◽  
Dawn Bowdish
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Cognitively Intact

Jonathan Swift said, ‘Every man desires to live long, but no man wishes to be old’. Most of us have ambivalent feelings about aging. We may want a long life, but those extra years hold less appeal if we are too ill to enjoy them. At one extreme of the aging trajectory are those who become frail, immobile and dependent in their 5th or 6th decade. At the other extreme are those who live to 100 or beyond remaining cognitively intact, active and engaged in their communities. We wonder what causes underlie this diversity in the aging process? Why do some of us age well and others poorly? The immune system plays a central role in health in our later years.

scholarly journals Does NLRP3 Inflammasome and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Play an Interlinked Role in Bowel Inflammation and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Ivan Qi Han Ngui ◽  
Agampodi Promoda Perera ◽  
Rajaraman Eri
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon

Inflammation is a hallmark in many forms of cancer; with colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) being a progressive intestinal inflammation due to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While this is an exemplification of the negatives of inflammation, it is just as crucial to have some degree of the inflammatory process to maintain a healthy immune system. A pivotal component in the maintenance of such intestinal homeostasis is the innate immunity component, inflammasomes. Inflammasomes are large, cytosolic protein complexes formed following stimulation of microbial and stress signals that lead to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been extensively studied in part due to its strong association with colitis and CAC. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently been acknowledged for its connection to the immune system aside from its role as an environmental sensor. AhR has been described to play a role in the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway. This review will summarise the signalling pathways of both the NLRP3 inflammasome and AhR; as well as new-found links between these two signalling pathways in intestinal immunity and some potential therapeutic agents that have been found to take advantage of this link in the treatment of colitis and CAC.

scholarly journals Cannabis, the Endocannabinoid System and Immunity—the Journey from the Bedside to the Bench and Back

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osnat Almogi-Hazan ◽  
Reuven Or
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Properties

The Cannabis plant contains numerous components, including cannabinoids and other active molecules. The phyto-cannabinoid activity is mediated by the endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoids affect the nervous system and play significant roles in the regulation of the immune system. While Cannabis is not yet registered as a drug, the potential of cannabinoid-based medicines for the treatment of various conditions has led many countries to authorize their clinical use. However, the data from basic and medical research dedicated to medical Cannabis is currently limited. A variety of pathological conditions involve dysregulation of the immune system. For example, in cancer, immune surveillance and cancer immuno-editing result in immune tolerance. On the other hand, in autoimmune diseases increased immune activity causes tissue damage. Immuno-modulating therapies can regulate the immune system and therefore the immune-regulatory properties of cannabinoids, suggest their use in the therapy of immune related disorders. In this contemporary review, we discuss the roles of the endocannabinoid system in immunity and explore the emerging data about the effects of cannabinoids on the immune response in different pathologies. In addition, we discuss the complexities of using cannabinoid-based treatments in each of these conditions.

scholarly journals Intrachain disulphide bridges in immunoglobulin G heavy chains. The Fc fragment

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Frangione ◽  
C. Milstein ◽  
Edward C. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Fc Fragment ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Human Immunoglobulins ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Terminal Loop ◽  
Heavy Chain Disease

The disulphide bridges of the Fc fragment (C-terminal half of the heavy chain) have been studied in several human immunoglobulins, containing heavy chains of different antigenic types (γ1, γ2, γ3 and γ4), and in heavy-chain-disease proteins. Two intrachain disulphide bridges were found to be present. The sequences appear to be identical in the Fc fragments of two types of chain studied (γ1 and γ3), and very similar to corresponding sequences of the Fc fragment in rabbit. These results suggest that the C-terminal half of the heavy chains is covalently folded (in a similar fashion to the light chains) with a C-terminal loop and an N-terminal loop. The similarity is emphasized by comparison of the sequence and location of the disulphide-bridged peptides of the C-terminal loop of heavy and light chains. The N-terminal loop, on the other hand, appears to be very different in Fc fragments and light chains. The C-terminal loop is the only one present in the F′c fragment.

Binding of enzyme--IgG complexes in human serum to Protein-A Sepharose CL-4B.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
K Bauer ◽  
P M Bayer ◽  
E Deutsch ◽  
F Gabl
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Protein A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Human Serum Protein ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

Abstract We describe a simple method for detecting enzyme--immunoglobulin G (IgG) complexes in human serum. Protein-A Sepharose CL-4B binds IgG and therefore also the enzyme--IgG complexes, which can then be separated easily from the serum by centrifugation. We demonstrate this separation in two patients, one with a complex of IgG and creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) BB isoenzyme, the other with an IgG--alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) complex. Both patients had unexplainably high activities of the respective enzymes in their serum. The method we propose should be a useful, simple, routine method of detection in cases where IgG--enzyme complexes are suspected.

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