scholarly journals Effects of Clostridium butyricum and a Bacteriophage Cocktail on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and the Intestinal Microbiota in Rabbits

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Pan Huang ◽  
Xuemei Cui ◽  
Zhipeng Wang ◽  
Chenwen Xiao ◽  
Quanan Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
G Ratio

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum (CB) and a bacteriophage cocktail (BP) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal digestive and oxidase enzymes, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and the cecum microbiota in rabbits. In total, 108 New Zealand rabbits (5 weeks old) were randomly and equally allotted into three dietary treatment groups (four replicates per treatment, n = 36/treatment): (1) the control (CN) group—rabbits fed the basal diet; (2) CB group—rabbits fed the basal diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg diet Clostridium butyricum; and (3) BP group—rabbits fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg diet BP cocktail, respectively, for 6 weeks. Compared with the CN diet, dietary CB and BP inclusion increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) and decreased the feed/gain (F/G) ratio of rabbits. Furthermore, CB increased the digestive enzyme activity (α-amylase and trypsin in the ileum); the chymotrypsin activity was also significantly increased in the duodenum and jejunum. Supplementation with CB significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity (SOD and GSH-Px) in the jejunum and ileum and reduced MDA levels. Additionally, rabbits fed CB had significantly elevated villus height (V) and (V/C) ratios but reduced crypt depth (C). Moreover, dietary CB supplementation markedly increased the ileal expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1) and increased secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) production. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the microbiota in the rabbit intestine was altered by CB and BP. Venn diagrams and heatmap plots revealed that the gut microbial community composition varied obviously among rabbits fed different diets. Specifically, CB increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria to maintain intestinal barrier homeostasis, whereas BP decreased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, which included a plenty of pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Effects of Clostridium butyricum- and Bacillus spp.-Based Potential Probiotics on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and Caecal Microbiota in Broilers

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Xinfu Zeng ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Caimei Yang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Zixian Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Bacillus Spp

We aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum-, Bacillus subtilis-, and Bacillus licheniformis-based potential probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial structure in broiler chickens. Three treatment groups containing a total of 1200 one-day-old AA broilers were included: birds fed with a basal diet only (Con), birds fed with added 1010 probiotics cfu/kg (ProL), and birds fed with added 1011 probiotics cfu/kg (ProH). The dietary probiotics significantly improved the final and average body weights and serum immunoglobulins A, M, and Y. The probiotics also enhanced the ileal morphology and improved the caecal acetate, butyrate, and propionate contents. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary compound probiotics modulated the caecal microflora composition as follows: (1) all birds shared 2794 observed taxonomic units; (2) treatment groups were well separated in the PCA and PCoA analysis; (3) the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Barnesiella, Odoribacter, [Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group], [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, and Butyricimonas significantly varied between treatments. The compound probiotics improved the growth performance, serum immune responses, the ratio of ileal villus height to crypt depth, and major caecal SCFAs in broiler chickens. The dietary C. butyricum-, B. subtilis-, and B. licheniformis-based probiotics improved overall broiler health and would benefit the poultry industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzyme, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Deng ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Diet Supplementation

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum parameters, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and colonic microbiota in piglets. A total of 72 piglets were weighed and randomly allotted into three treatments (four replication pens per treatment with six piglets/pen) for a 28-day experiment. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet (control group, CTR), basal diet supplementation with antibiotic (antibiotic group, ABT), and basal diet supplementation with 0.1% Bacillus subtilis (probiotic group, PBT). The average daily gain of body weight increased in both the ABT and PBT groups, and dietary antibiotics decreased the feed:gain ratio (F:G), as compared to the CTR group (P < 0.05). Both ABT and PBT piglets had increased serum triglycerides and lipase, amylase, maltase activities and villus height:crypt depth ratio (V/C) in ileum (P < 0.05). The PBT group also showed an increase in serum glucose and villus height in the ileum (P < 0.05). Dietary antibiotics increased Lactobacillus johnsonii, as compared to the CTR group, but decreased bacterial diversity and increased Escherichia coli, as compared to the PBT group (P < 0.05). Piglets dietary with B. subtilis modulated the microbiota by increasing the abundance of Firmicutes (L. johnsonii, L. reuteri) and decreasing the abundance of E. coli, as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary of B. subtilis improves growth performance and intestinal health and can be a promising alternative to antibiotics in piglets diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, intestinal structure, and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4140-4151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangli Wang ◽  
Guangyong Chen ◽  
Guangtian Cao ◽  
Yinglei Xu ◽  
Yongxia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Weaned Piglets

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, inflammation-related pathways, and microflora community in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hundred and eighty 28-d-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 3 treatments groups: piglets fed with a basal diet (Con), piglets fed with a basal diet containing 6 × 109 CFU C. butyricum·kg−1 (CB), and piglets fed with a basal diet containing 2 × 1010 CFU E. faecali·kg−1 (EF). At the end of trial, 1 pig was randomly selected from for each pen (6 pigs per treatment group) and these 18 piglets were orally challenged with LPS 25 μg·kg−1 body weight. The result showed that piglets fed C. butyricum and E. faecalis had greater final BW compared with the control piglets (P < 0.05). The C. butyricum and E. faecalis fed piglets had lower levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), IL-1β, tumor inflammatory factor-α (TNF-α), and had greater level of serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) than control piglets at 1.5 and 3 h after injection with LPS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, piglets in the C. butyricum or E. faecalis treatment groups had a greater ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth (V/C) compared with control piglets after challenge with LPS for 3 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the CB and EF treatments significantly decreased the expression of inflammation-related pathway factors (TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB) after challenge with LPS for 3 h (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that C. butyricum and E. faecalis modulated bacterial diversity in the colon. The species richness and alpha diversity (Shannon) of bacterial samples in CB or EF piglets challenged with LPS were higher than those in LPS-challenged control piglets. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales-Rikenellanceae in the CB group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas EF piglets had a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus gasseri (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum or E. faecalis promoted growth performance, improved immunity, relieved intestinal villus damage and inflammation, and optimized the intestinal flora in LPS-challenged weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Glucose Oxidase Supplementation on the Performance, Apparent Ileal Amino Acids Digestibility, and Ileal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2909
Author(s):  
Yong Meng ◽  
Haonan Huo ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shiping Bai ◽  
Ruisheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Firmicutes Phylum

This study aimed to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) supplementation on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbiota in the ileum of broilers. Six hundred 1-day-old male broilers were randomly allotted to four groups of 10 replicates each with 15 birds per replicate cage. The four treatments included the basal diet without antibiotics (Control) and the basal diet supplemented with 250, 500, or 1000 U GOD/kg diet (E250, E500 or E1000). The samples of different intestinal segments, ileal mucosa, and ileal digesta were collected on d 42. Dietary GOD supplementation did not affect daily bodyweight gain (DBWG) and the ratio of feed consumption and bodyweight gain (FCR) during d 1-21 (p > 0.05); however, the E250 treatment increased DBWG (p = 0.03) during d 22–42 as compared to control. Dietary GOD supplementation increased the AIDs of arginine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, cysteine, serine, and tyrosine (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed among the GOD added groups. The E250 treatment increased the villus height of the jejunum and ileum. The concentrations of secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in ileal mucosa and the contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in ileal digesta were higher in the E250 group than in the control (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences among E500, E1000, and control groups. The E250 treatment increased the richness of ileal microbiota, but E500 and E100 treatment did not significantly affect it. Dietary E250 treatment increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus genus, while it decreased the relative abundance of genus Escherichina-Shigella (p < 0.05). Phylum Fusobacteria only colonized in the ileal digesta of E500 treated broilers and E500 and E1000 did not affect the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus and Escherichina-Shigella genera as compared to control. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 250 U GOD/kg diet improves the growth performance of broilers during d 22–42, which might be associated with the alteration of the intestinal morphology, SCFAs composition, and ileal microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on Gut Microbiome and Intestinal Morphology in Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Long Wang ◽  
Zhu-Ying Liu ◽  
Ying-Hui Li ◽  
Ling-Yuan Yang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Experimental Time ◽  
And Performance

Lactobacillus delbrueckii is a Gram-positive bacterium mostly used in the dairy industry for yogurt and cheese. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, and performance by supplementing at a dietary level of 0.1% in diets for weaned piglets. Eighty healthy weaned piglets (initial body weight: 7.56 ± 0.2 kg) were randomly divided into two feeding groups with four replicates in each group (n = 10 animals per replicate); piglets were fed with basal diet (CON) or basal diet containing 0.1% Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAC). The results showed that dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii improved growth performance and increased serum HDL and insulin levels in piglets on the 28th day of the experimental time (p &lt; 0.05). The gut microbe analysis revealed that Lactobacillus delbrueckii significantly decreased the relative abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes, but increased the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes. The Lactobacillus delbrueckii also significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus at the genus level of the bacterial community in the ileum, but decreased the relative abundance of unclassified Clostridiales. Moreover, Lactobacillus delbrueckii improved mucosal morphology by obtaining higher intestinal villus height (p &lt; 0.05), significantly increasing the concentrations of butyrate, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid in colonic chyme of piglets, but decreasing the intestinal pH at the duodenum and ileum on the 28th day of the experimental time. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus delbrueckii in the diet of weaned piglets can improve intestinal morphology and modulate the microbiota community to promote growth performance.

Positive effects of a Clostridium butyricum-based compound probiotic on growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, hypothalamic neurotransmitters, and colonic microbiota in weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2926-2934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangtian Cao ◽  
Fei Tao ◽  
Yuhua Hu ◽  
Zhanming Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Weaning Stress

Weaning stress in piglets can lead to poor health outcomes and reduced production.

scholarly journals Immune response and growth performance of crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus fed with supplementary diet of synbiotic

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Amrullah Amrullah ◽  
Wahidah Wahidah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of synbiotic (prebiotic alginate and probiotic bacteria Micrococcus spp) on the immune responses, growth performance, and bacterial resistance of freshwater crayfish. The experimental diets were formulated in three levels of synbiotic: the probiotic bacteria Micrococcus spp+100 mg/L alginate (Syn100), Micrococcus spp+200 mg/L alginate (Syn200), Micrococcus spp+300 mg/L alginate (Syn300), each level was mixed with tested feed. The basal diet (without synbiotics) served as the control diet. During 40 days of rearing, immune responses observations were conducted every 10 days, while the crayfish weight were recorded on day 40. Furthermore, the challenge test was performed against the pathogenic bacteria of A. hydrophila and reared for a week. The result showed that synbiotics treatment of Syn300 and Syn200 could improve the immune response and increased the growth rate (P<0.05). Both were also heavier than the Syn100 treatment. The highest resistance to A. hydrophila pathogenic bacteria by demonstrating a higher survival rate was Syn300 and followed by Syn200 (70.00 ± 0% and 73.33 ± 5.77%, respectively), compared to Syn100 (56.67 ± 3.33%) and the control (33.33 ± 3.33%). The synbiotic Micrococcus spp. combined with alginate potentially induced immune responses, increased growth performance, and improved bacterial pathogens resistance, making it an ideal synbiotic to be developed. Keywords: synbiotic, prebiotic, probiotic, Sargassum sp., alginate, brown algae  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan sinbiotik (prebiotik alginat dan probiotik Micrococcus spp) terhadap respons imun,  performa pertumbuhan dan resistensi lobster air tawar. Tiga perlakuan sinbiotik yaitu Micrococcus spp+100 mg/L alginat (Syn100), Micrococcus spp+200 mg/L alginat (Syn200), Micrococcus spp+300 mg/L alginat (Syn300), masing-masing dicampurkan ke dalam pakan dan diberikan ke lobster. Pakan tanpa campuran prebiotik digunakan sebagai pakan kontrol. Selama 40 hari pemeliharaan, pengamatan respon imun dilakukan setiap 10 hari dan pada hari ke-40 pemeliharaan dilakukan pengukuran bobot lobster. Selanjutnya, lobster di uji tantang dengan bakteri A. hydrophila dan dipelihara kembali selama satu minggu.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang mengandung sinbiotik Syn300 dan Syn200 dapat meningkatkan respon imun dan pertumbuhan (P<0.05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan Syn100, sementara bobot tubuh terendah didapat pada perlakuan kontrol. Resistensi lobster tertinggi terhadap bakteri A. hydrophila yang ditunjukkan dengan sintasan tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan Syn300 (70.00±0.00%) dan Syn200 (73.33±5.77%) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan Syn100 (56.67±3.33%) dan kontrol (33.33±3.33%). Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa sinbiotik Micrococcus spp. yang dikombinasikan dengan alginat dapat menginduksi respons imun, meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan ,dan resistensi terhadap patogen sehingga merupakan sinbiotik yang ideal untuk dikembangkan. Kata kunci : sinbiotik, prebiotik, probiotik, Sargassum sp., alginat, alga coklat 

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GARLIC ALLIUM SATIVUM AGAINST POULTRY PATHOGENS AND EFFECT OF GARLIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON DUCKLING GROWTH PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3B) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Thi Anh Phuong Chu ◽  
Hai Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Garlic Powder

ABSTRACT-QMFS2019Poultry production provides source of protein and contributes an important income for Vietnamese farmers. Among the poultry in Vietnam, ducks account for 27.3% of head of poultry and even 55.7% in Mekong Delta region. Along with the development of rearing ducks, bacterial, viral and fungal diseases occurring in the two last decades induced bad effect for poultry producer. Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Streptococcal or Pasteurella act as major pathogenic bacteria in duck. The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of garlic Allium sativum against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and to evaluate the effect of garlic on growth performance of duck from 1-28 old-days. The results indicated that fresh garlic and dried garlic powder showed inhibitory effect against pathogenic tested strains from 2% and 4% w/v, respectively. The inhibition zones and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of garlic extract ranged from 11.3-28.3 mm and 0.02-0.2 g/ml, respectively. After 28 days of diet with garlic supplemented, D3 (2% of fresh garlic in water) showed significantly different in weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), average daily weight (ADW); whereas, D2 (2% of garlic powder in basal diet) only possessed a difference significant in feed consumption (FC) compared to the D1 (control without garlic supplementation). The obtained results demonstrated the potential of garlic application in poultry production.

scholarly journals Effects of inorganic minerals replaced by complexed glycinates on growth, blood profiles, immune responses, intestinal morphology, and mineral excretion in piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Pei ◽  
Geng Wang ◽  
Lujie Liu ◽  
Wanjing Sun ◽  
Zhiping Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Mineral Excretion ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract BACKGROUND: The effects of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) replaced by low-dose glycine-complexed trace minerals (GCM) on growth, serum parameters, immunity, intestinal morphology, and mineral excretion in piglets were investigated. One hundred and twenty-eight weaned piglets (14.18 ± 0.33kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 4 replicates, 8 piglets per replicate. Treatments consist of: (T1) basal diet + 100% inorganic trace mineral (ITM) as the control group (20 ppm Cu, 150 ppm Fe, 150 ppm Zn, and 30 ppm Mn from sulfates); (T2) basal diet + 50% ITM (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn from sulfates, 50% of control) + 50% organic trace minerals (OTM, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn from glycine complexed trace minerals (GCM), 50% of control); (T3) basis diet + 50% OTM from GCM; (T4) basal diet + 70% OTM from GCM. The feeding period lasted 28 d and was divided into 2 stages (0 to 14 d and 15 to 28 d). After feeding trial , 6 pigs per treatment were randomly selected to slaughter for sampling. RESULTS: Average daily gain, feed intake, and G:F were not affected by dietary treatments during the overall period. During the second, and the overall feeding phases, the digestibility of Zn and Fe in T3 and T4 was higher than that of T1 ( P < 0.05). The concentration of serum ferritin in T2 was significantly higher than T3 and T4. Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in the ileal mucosa of T2 was higher than that of T1 ( P < 0.05), and the higher duodenum villus height was observed in T4 compared with the rest treatments ( P < 0.05). The lowest trace mineral excretion was overserved in T3 ( P < 0.01); in addition, the urinary concentrations of Zn and Fe in T2 were lower than that in T1 ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that GCM have higher bioavailability than ITM, and that supplementation of low-dose GCM to replace full dose ITM could reduce mineral excretion without affecting performance, blood profiles, immune responses, and intestinal morphology in piglets.

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