Sequential Extraction of Hydroxytyrosol, Mannitol and Triterpenic Acids Using a Green Optimized Procedure Based on Ultrasound

Olive-derived biomasses contain bioactive compounds with health promoting effects as well as antioxidant and sweet-tasting properties. However, their sequential extraction has not been attained. In the present study, firstly antioxidants and mannitol were extracted from exhausted olive pomace (EOP) by an eco-friendly method, ultrasound-assisted water extraction (UAWE). The amplitude (20–80%), extraction time (2–18 min) and solid loading (2–15%, w/v) were evaluated according to a Box–Behnken experimental design. Using the response surface methodology, the optimal conditions for extraction were obtained: 80% amplitude, 11.5% solid loading and 16 min. It enabled the multi-response optimization of the total phenolic content (TPC) (40.04 mg/g EOP), hydroxytyrosol content (6.42 mg/g EOP), mannitol content (50.92 mg/g EOP) and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing power or FRAP, 50.95 mg/g EOP; ABTS, 100.64 mg/g EOP). Moreover, the phenolic profile of the extracts was determined by liquid chromatography-UV and mass spectrometry, identifying hydroxytyrosol as the main phenolic compound and other minor derivatives could be characterized. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphological changes produced in the cellular structure of EOP after UAWE. In addition, the chemical composition of the extracted EOP solid was characterized for further valorization. Then, a second extraction step was performed in order to extract bioactive triterpenes from the latter solid. The triterpenes content in the extract was determined and the effect of the previous UAWE step on the triterpenes extraction was evaluated. In this case, the use of ultrasound enhanced the extraction of maslinic acid and oleanolic acid from pelletized EOP with no milling requirement. Overall, UAWE can be applied to obtain antioxidant compounds and mannitol as first extraction step from pelletized EOP while supporting the subsequent recovery of triterpenic acids.

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Antioxidant Capacity of Three Silene Extracts Obtained by Ultrasonication-Assisted Extraction (UAE)

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019040007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Sengul Uysal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Genus Silene ◽

Silene Species

Many plants with high antioxidant activity are great of significant in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Oxidative stress plays a major part in the development of many diseases including cancer, which is known imbalance free radicals and antioxidants. Herein, new natural antioxidant compounds have great interest in the scientific research. The genus Silene is a major group in the Caryophyllaceae family. In Turkey, Silene species have been used for several medicinal purposes such as skin softening, asthma, bronchitis. In our study, the antioxidant capacity of three Silene species (S. conoidea, S. dichotoma and S. italica) were evaluated by different in vitro assays, including free radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and phosphomolybdenum. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The water extracts contained higher total phenolic content than ethyl acetate extracts. All extracts showed antioxidant capacity. This data indicated that Silene species could potentially be used as antioxidant sources in pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas.

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Enhancement of antioxidant properties of Triticum durum obtained by traditional spontaneous fermentation in underground silos

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v43i1.57080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e57080

Author(s):

Nabila Benhamada ◽

Tayeb Idoui

Keyword(s):

Triticum Durum ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Spontaneous Fermentation ◽

Natural Fermentation ◽

Health Promoting ◽

The Impact

Fermented foods have made important contributions to human diets for thousands of years and continue to do so. Their health-promoting benefits are attracting increasingly attention. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of natural fermentation on antioxidant properties of traditionally fermented wheat (Triticum durum) compared to unfermented samples. Initially, the samples were submitted to traditional spontaneous fermentation. Subsequently, an aqueous extract was obtained and used to determine polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. Moreover, the antioxidant potential was also measured through the determination of the scavenging ability against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The results showed that the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were significantly increased in fermented wheat. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was more effective in fermented than in unfermented wheat. Thus, natural fermentation can enhance natural antioxidants in wheat and transform it into a healthy food or ingredient with multi-functional properties which can be used in the food industry.

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Feasibility of Using Bitterness and Foaming Properties as Surrogate Instrument in Assessing Antioxidant Potentials of Selected Eggplant Cultivars

FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.46792/fuoyejet.v4i2.363 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Eunice M Ogunbusola ◽

Bode Daramola

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Foaming Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Markers ◽

Insight Into

This study attempt to circumvent the hurdle associated with the utilization of laborious and expensive procedure to assess some health promoting properties of eggplant fruits. The feasibility of using simple and cheap procedure as a surrogate tool to gain insight into the antioxidant potentials of eggplant cultivars was evaluated. Some eggplants cultivars obtained fresh were used for the work. Extracts from the garden eggs were analysed for relative reducing power, total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity using DPPH. Physical and Sensory attributes such as foaming ability and stability, and level of bitterness were also carried out. Results showed that assessment of some antioxidant markers notably total phenolic content (2.266 – 6.406), radical scavenging activity (35.00 – 82.50) and relative reducing power (0.139 – 1.145), showed positive correlation (r = 0.60281 - 0.803348; r = 0.861877 -0.905333; and r = 0.851459 - 0.958941) with bitterness, foaming capacity and foaming stability respectively. Simple and cheap quality control protocol could be used as surrogate tool to gain insight into the antioxidant markers, a health promoting endowment of some eggplants. Keywords - Eggplants, bitterness, foaming capacity, surrogate tool, antioxidant potentials.

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Effect of ionizing radiation on antioxidant compounds present in cork wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.544 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 374-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Madureira ◽

R. Melo ◽

M. L. Botelho ◽

J. P. Leal ◽

I. M. Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Radiation Effects ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Matter Content ◽

Added Value ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Cooking Water

A preliminary study of the gamma radiation effects on the antioxidant compounds present in cork cooking water was carried out. Radiation studies were performed using radiation between 20 and 50 kGy at 0.4 and 2.4 kGy h−1. The radiation effects on organic matter content were evaluated by chemical oxygen demand. The antioxidant activity was measured by ferric reducing power assay. The total phenolic content was studied using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. Results show that gamma radiation increases both the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of cork cooking water. These results highlight the potential of this technology for increasing the added value of cork waters.

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Bio-Prospecting of a Few Brown Seaweeds for Their Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/neq024 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Rashmi C. Vinayak ◽

A. S. Sabu ◽

Anil Chatterji

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Methanolic Extracts

Methanolic extracts (MEs) of seven brown seaweeds occurring in the Indian coastal waters were screened for their cytotoxic and antioxidant properties following various assays. The methanolic extracts of seaweeds in the order ofDictyopteris australis > Spatoglossum variabile > Stoechospermum marginatum > Spatoglossum aspermumshowed significant cytotoxic activity. A very high DPPH radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the methanolic extracts prepared fromSt. marginatum, Padina tetrastromatica, Dictyopteris delicatulaandS. aspermum. The total phenolic content of the MEs varied from 13.19 ± 0.32 to 25.29 ± 0.445 gallic acid equivalents (mg g−1of methanolic extract). The reducing power assay indicated a dose dependency, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 and 2.0 mg mL−1of MEs and decreased in the following order:Butylated hydroxy toluene > P. tetrastromatica > D. delicatula > S. aspermum > S. variabile > S. marginatum > D. australis > S. marginatum. Furthermore,D. australis,S. aspermum, S. variabileandS. marginatumdemonstrated good metal ion chelating properties. All the above evidences suggest that, the antioxidant compounds found in brown seaweeds scavenge free radicals through effective intervention. This decisively promotes them as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

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Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Reducing Power of Careya arborea Roxb.

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.886.86 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 886 ◽

pp. 86-91

Author(s):

Wanvisa Ninlaor ◽

Thaksaorn Thongom ◽

Chawapon Phoomphong ◽

Warachate Khobjai

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Active Substances

Antioxidant plays an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection for human against infection and degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the solvent on the extraction of the antioxidant compounds from Careya arborea (CA) Roxb. The leaves of CA were extracted by using water, ethanol, methanol, and chloroform. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their antioxidant activity was measured using 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The antioxidant activities of the extracts for DPPH and FRAP were in the order: water > methanol > ethanol > chloroform extract. According to the results, water is the most suitable solvent for extraction of active substances with antioxidant activities.

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Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Astragalus membranaceus Fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7040252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Hye Min Park ◽

Ji Yeon Lee ◽

Min Young Kim ◽

Chang-Ho Kang ◽

Hyung Seo Hwang

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Astragalus Membranaceus ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Astragalus membranaceus (AM) has been used for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, we confirmed that the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of AM were enhanced after it was fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. The anti-oxidative effect was measured by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical levels, total phenolic contents (TPC), reducing power, and H2O2 levels. AM-LP MG5145 and MG5276 showed higher free radical scavenging activity than AM-NF (51.22%). In addition, AM-LP MG5145 and MG5276 showed higher TPC (49.11 mg GAE/mL), reducing power (OD700 = 0.37), and H2O2 (1.71 µM) than AM-NF. The calycosin contents determined to AM-NF (17.24 ng/mL), AM-LP MG5145 (139.94 ng/mL), and MG5276 (351.01 ng/mL) using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed by investigating the inhibitory effects of fermented AM on cytotoxicity, NO production, and mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS, NF-κB, and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. AM-LP MG5145 and MG5276 showed no cytotoxicity. AM-LP MG5145 (50.86%) and MG5276 (51.66%) inhibited NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, AM-LP MG5145 and MG5276 downregulated macrophage iNOS, COX2, TNF-ɑ, and NF-κB expression. In conclusion, A. membranaceus fermented by L. plantarum MG5145 and MG5276 can be used in cosmetics and health foods as natural antioxidant compounds.

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EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN LIPPIA SIDOIDES CHAM LEAVES

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v13.n25.2016.52_periodico25_pgs_52_60.pdf ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (25) ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

Thayrine Dias CARLOS ◽

Welington FRANCISCO ◽

Luiz Gustavo de Lima GUIMARÃES

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Chemical Research ◽

Lippia Sidoides ◽

Good Ability

Several chemical, pharmacological and clinical studies have enabled phytochemical area developed a many drugs used today, such as aspirin, digitoxin, morphine, quinine and pilocarpine. In addition, this area has enriched and expanded numerous species of plants with medicinal potential, resulting in the isolation of substances with diverse biological activities that serve as prototypes for future drugs. This study aims to explore the potential of the species Lippia sidoides, quantifying the content of phenolic compounds from the methanol extract of the leaves, as well as evaluating the antioxidant activity. For chemical research, we used the spectrophotometric method of Folin-Ciocalteau using gallic acid as standard, which allowed determining a level of 126.89 ± 23.08 mg of gallic acid/g extract for total phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteau’ methods, a value within the patterns found in the literature. When evaluated the antioxidant activity by methods of inhibiting free radical DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), oxidation of linoleic β-carotene/linoleic acid system and reducing power, the results showed 90% inhibition for the first two methods and a good ability to donate electron to the latter method. This results show the potential that this plant has as a source of antioxidant compounds and the need to further explore the phytochemical studies on this species.

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Vernonia condensataBaker (Asteraceae): A Promising Source of Antioxidants

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2013/698018 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jucélia Barbosa da Silva ◽

Vanessa dos Santos Temponi ◽

Carolina Miranda Gasparetto ◽

Rodrigo Luiz Fabri ◽

Danielle Maria de Oliveira Aragão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Tlc Bioautography ◽

Promising Source

The present study evaluated the antioxidant potential ofVernonia condensataBaker (Asteraceae). Dried and powdered leaves were exhaustively extracted with ethanol by static maceration followed by partition to obtain the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were determined through spectrophotometry and flavonoids were identified by HPLC-DAD system. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging activity, TLC-bioautography, reducing power of Fe+3, phosphomolybdenum, and TBA assays. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids ranged from 0.19 to 23.11 g/100 g and from 0.13 to 4.10 g/100 g, respectively. The flavonoids apigenin and luteolin were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction. The IC50of DPPH assay varied from 4.28 to 75.10 µg/mL and TLC-bioautography detected the antioxidant compounds. The reducing power of Fe+3was 19.98 to 336.48 μg/mL, while the reaction with phosphomolybdenum ranged from 13.54% to 32.63% and 56.02% to 135.00% considering ascorbic acid and rutin as reference, respectively. At 30 mg/mL, the ethanolic extract and fractions revealed significant effect against lipid peroxidation. All these data sustain thatV. condensatais an important and promising source of bioactive substances with antioxidant activity.

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Comparison Among Five Eucalyptus Species Based on Their Leaf Contents of Some Primary and Secondary Metabolites

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190610100122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 573-587

Author(s):

Alyaa Nasr ◽

Tehmina Saleem Khan ◽

Shi-Ping Huang ◽

Bin Wen ◽

Jian-Wen Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Acetone Water ◽

Phenolic Constituents

Background: Eucalyptus belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is the most planted hardwood forest crop worldwide, representing a global renewable resource of fiber, pharmaceuticals and energy. Objective: To compare the five species, E. maidenii, E. robusta, E. citriodora, E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis, seeking for the richest source of nutrients and pharmaceuticals. Methodology: Eucalyptus samples were subjected to some chemical determinations for both primary and secondary metabolites to verify their nutritional and pharmaceutical importance related to different extracts. GC-MS analysis was applied to detect the presence of some individual phenolic constituents in their leaves. Results: E. robusta recorded the maximum contents of carbohydrates (40.07%) and protein (31.91%). While E. camaldulensis contained the highest contents of total phenolic compounds (46.56 mg/g), tannins (40.01 mg/g) and antioxidant activities assayed by the phosphomolybednum method (57.60 mg/g), followed by E. citridora. However, E. tereticornis exhibited the highest reducing power ability (151.23 mg/g). The GC-MS highlighted 20 phenolic constituents and antioxidants which varied in their abundance in Eucalyptus leaves, 8 individual phenolics (hydroquinone, hesperitin, pyrogallol, resorcinol, protocatechuic acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid and catechin) were maximally recorded with E. camaldulensis and secondly, with E. citridora in case of at least 5 components. Nevertheless, gallic and quinic acids were more abundant in the leaves of E. tereticornis, which may explain its high corresponding reducing powers. Conclusion: Acetone-water combination has enhanced phenolics extraction from Eucalyptus tissues. This is the first report aiming to compare between the aforementioned Eucalyptus species highlighting either their nutritional or medicinal importance.

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