scholarly journals Spermine-Mediated Tolerance to Selenium Toxicity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Depends on Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthesis

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Basmah M. Alharbi ◽  
Haifa Abdulaziz Sakit Alhaithloul ◽  
Awatif M. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Suliman Mohammed Alghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Photosynthetic Traits

Excess selenium (Se) causes toxicity, and nitric oxide (NO)’s function in spermine (Spm)-induced tolerance to Se stress is unknown. Using wheat plants exposed to 1 mM sodium selenate—alone or in combination with either 1 mM Spm, 0.1 mM NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or 0.1 mM NO scavenger cPTIO—the potential beneficial effects of these compounds to palliate Se-induced stress were evaluated at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. Se-treated plants accumulated Se in their roots (92%) and leaves (95%) more than control plants. Furthermore, Se diminished plant growth, photosynthetic traits and the relative water content and increased the levels of malondialdehyde, H2O2, osmolyte and endogenous NO. Exogenous Spm significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde by 28%, H2O2 by 37% and electrolyte leakage by 42%. Combined Spm/NO treatment reduced the Se content and triggered plant growth, photosynthetic traits, antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase systems. Spm/NO also upregulated MTP1, MTPC3 and HSP70 and downregulated TaPCS1 and NRAMP1 (metal stress-related genes involved in selenium uptake, translocation and detoxification). However, the positive effects of Spm on Se-stressed plants were eliminated by the NO scavenger. Accordingly, data support the notion that Spm palliates selenium-induced oxidative stress since the induced NO elicits antioxidant defence upregulation but downregulates Se uptake and translocation. These findings pave the way for potential biotechnological approaches to supporting sustainable wheat crop production in selenium-contaminated areas.

scholarly journals Assessment of Plant Growth Promoting and Abiotic Stress Tolerance Properties of Wheat Endophytic Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhana Alam Ripa ◽  
Wei-dong Cao ◽  
Shuai Tong ◽  
Jian-guang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

The aims of the present work were to isolate and characterize fungal endophytic communities associated with healthy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, collected from the North China. Segregated endophytes were screened for their PGP traits, abiotic stresses (heavy metals, salinity, drought, and temperature), and antibiotic sensitivity. A total of 16 endophytic fungi were isolated using the culture-dependent approach from different tissue parts of wheat plants. Based upon their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequencing, 15 out of 16 isolates were selected for further analysis. In the contemporary investigation, a number of the tested endophytes exhibited fairly good 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) (0.03±0.011 to 1.43±0.01µmolα-KB mg−1protein hr−1), indole acetic acid (IAA) (1.125±0.04 to36.12±0.004µgml−1), and phosphate solubilizing index (PSI) (2.08±0.03to5.16±0.36) activities. More than 30% isolates gave positive result for siderophore and ammonia tests, whereas all exhibited catalase activity but only 2 (582PDA1 and 582PDA11) produced hydrogen cyanide.Trichodermastrains showed salt, heavy metals, and drought tolerance at high levels and also exhibited resistance to all the tested antibiotics. Strain 582PDA4 was found to be the most temperature (55°C) tolerant isolate. The findings of this study indicated that the microbial endophytes isolated from wheat plants possessing a crucial function to improve plant growth could be utilized as biofertilizers or bioagents to establish a sustainable crop production system.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide is involved in the brassinolide-induced adventitious root development in cucumber

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yutong ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Weibiao Liao ◽  
Linli Hu ◽  
Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Background: Brassinolide (BR), as a new type of plant hormones, is involved in the processes of plant growth and stress response. Previous studies have reported the roles of BR in regulating plant developmental processes and also response tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. The main purpose of our study was to explore whether nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the process of BR-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Results: Exogenous application of 1 μM BR significantly promoted adventitious rooting, while high concentrations of BR (2-8 μM) effectively inhibited adventitious rooting. NO donor (S-nitroso-N-acerylpenicillamine, SNAP) promoted the occurrence of adventitious roots. Simultaneously, BR and SNAP applied together significantly promoted adventitious rooting and the combined effect was superior to the application of BR or SNAP alone. Moreover, NO scavenger (c-PTIO) and inhibitors (L-NAME and Tungstate) inhibited the positive effects of BR on adventitious rooting. BR at 1 μM also increased endogenous NO content, NO synthase (NOS-like) and Nitrate reductase (NR) activities, while BRz (a specific BR biosynthesis inhibitor) decreased these effects. In addition, the relative expression level of NR was up-regulated by BR and SNAP, whereas BRz down-regulated it. The application of NO inhibitor (Tungstate) in BR also inhibited the up-regulation of NR . Conclusion: BR promoted the formation of adventitious roots by inducing the production of endogenous NO in cucumber.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide is involved in the brassinolide-induced adventitious root development in cucumber

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yutong ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Weibiao Liao ◽  
Linli Hu ◽  
Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Relative Expression Level ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Background: Brassinolide (BR), as a new type of plant hormones, is involved in the processes of plant growth and stress response. Previous studies have reported the roles of BR in regulating plant developmental processes and also response tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. The main purpose of our study was to explore whether nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the process of BR-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Results: Exogenous application of 1 μM BR significantly promoted adventitious rooting, while high concentrations of BR (2-8 μM) effectively inhibited adventitious rooting. NO donor (S-nitroso-N-acerylpenicillamine, SNAP) promoted the occurrence of adventitious roots. Simultaneously, BR and SNAP applied together significantly promoted adventitious rooting and the combined effect was superior to the application of BR or SNAP alone. Moreover, NO scavenger (c-PTIO) and inhibitors (L-NAME and Tungstate) inhibited the positive effects of BR on adventitious rooting. BR at 1 μM also increased endogenous NO content, NO synthase (NOS-like) and Nitrate reductase (NR) activities, while BRz (a specific BR biosynthesis inhibitor) decreased these effects. In addition, the relative expression level of NR was up-regulated by BR and SNAP, whereas BRz down-regulated it. The application of NO inhibitor (Tungstate) in BR also inhibited the up-regulation of NR. Conclusion: BR promoted the formation of adventitious roots by inducing the production of endogenous NO in cucumber.

scholarly journals Effects of Halophyte Root Exudates and Their Components on Chemotaxis, Biofilm Formation and Colonization of the Halophilic Bacterium Halomonas Anticariensis FP35T

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Sampedro ◽  
Daniel Pérez-Mendoza ◽  
Laura Toral ◽  
Esther Palacios ◽  
César Arriagada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Positive Effects

Increase in soil salinity poses an enormous problem for agriculture and highlights the need for sustainable crop production solutions. Plant growth-promoting bacteria can be used to boost the growth of halophytes in saline soils. Salicornia is considered to be a promising salt-accumulating halophyte for capturing large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. In addition, colonization and chemotaxis could play an important role in Salicornia-microbe interactions. In this study, the role of chemotaxis in the colonization of the halophilic siredophore-producing bacteria, Halomonas anticariensis FP35T, on Salicornia hispanica plants was investigated. The chemotactic response of FP35T to Salicornia root exudates showed optimum dependence at a salt concentration of 5 % NaCl (w/v). Oleanolic acid, the predominant compound in the exudates detected by HPLC and identified by UPLC-HRMS Q-TOF, acts as a chemoattractant. In vitro experiments demonstrated the enhanced positive effects of wild-type H. anticariensis strain FP35T on root length, shoot length, germination and the vigour index of S. hispanica. Furthermore, these positive effects partially depend on an active chemotaxis system, as the chemotaxis mutant H. anticariensis FP35 ΔcheA showed reduced plant growth promotion for all the parameters tested. Overall, our results suggest that chemotaxis responses to root exudates play an important role in interactions between Salicornia and halophilic bacteria, enhance their colonization and boost plant growth promotion. Preliminary results also indicate that root exudates have a positive impact on H. anticariensis FP35T biofilm formation under saline conditions, an effect which totally depends on the presence of the cheA gene.

scholarly journals Effect Of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments With Silicon Nanoparticles On Germinability Of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nano Silicon ◽  
Sowing Seed

AbstractSilicon is one of the most widespread macro elements that have beneficial effects on plant growth. Although its positive effects on plant growth and development have been widely considered, little information is available about possibility of nano-silicon utilization in seed invigoration treatments. Enhanced seed germination may lead to improved stand establishment and it can play important role in successful crop production. Partial hydration of the seeds followed by dehydration in a controlled environment often results in rapid seed germination and more uniform seedling emergence compared to untreated seeds. In the present study, the effect of seed soaking in different concentration nano-silicon solutions (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2 mM for 8 h) on germination characteristics of sunflower was investigated. Seed soaking in low concentration nano-silicon solutions (0.2 and 0.4 mM) significantly reduced days to 50% germination and mean germination time and improved root length, mean daily germination, seedling vigour index and final germination percentage. These results suggest that the incorporation of nano-silicon in priming solution, in an appropriate concentration, remarkably enhances germination performance and causes an effective invigoration of the seedling. These results underline the importance of pre-sowing seed soaking in diluted nano-silicon solutions for improving the germinability of sunflower.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles in Agriculture: Characterization, Uptake and Role in Mitigating Heat Stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Yashveer ◽  
Neeru Redhu ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
Sonali Sangwan ◽  
Hembade Laxman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Abiotic stresses like heat, drought, and salinity are among the major threats to sustainable crop production. These stresses induce numerous adverse effects in plants by impairing biochemical, physiological and molecular processes, eventually affecting plant growth, development and productivity. The rising temperature is one of the major causes of heat stress in agriculture. The variation in temperature during crop development has led to devastating agricultural losses in terms of yield. To adapt and mitigate these effects, germplasm scientists and agronomists aim to develop heat-tolerant varieties or cultivars. These efforts generally include the identification of alleles responsible for heat tolerance and their introgression into breeding populations through conventional or biotechnological methods. However, heat tolerance is a very complex physio-biochemical response of plants governed by a number of genes positioned at different loci. The accumulation of various additive gene effects into a single genotype is an extremely tedious and time-consuming process in both plant breeding and biotechnology. Recent advancements in agricultural nanotechnology have raised expectations for sustainable productivity without altering the genetic make-up of plants. In this milieu, the application of biologically active nanoparticles (NPs) could be a novel approach to enhance heat tolerance in crops. Recently, the NPs from silver, silicon, titanium and selenium have been proven valuable for plants to combat heat stress by altering their physiological and biochemical responses. Due to nano-scale size and the high surface area along with their slow and steady release, the NPs exert positive effects in plants through their growth-promoting and antioxidant capabilities. In this review, various technologies used for NPs characterization and their applications in agriculture have been discussed. The review further elaborates the uptake mechanism of NPs and their translocation in different plant parts along with the factors affecting them. This article also describes the role of metal or metal oxide NPs, as well as nano, encapsulated plant growth regulators and signal molecules in heat stress tolerance. The review will provide an insight to the scientists working in the area of agricultural sciences to explore new NPs to encounter different types of biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals The First Evidence of the Beneficial Effects of Se-Supplementation on In Vitro Cultivated Olive Tree Explants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Luca Regni ◽  
Maurizio Micheli ◽  
Alberto Marco Del Pino ◽  
Carlo Alberto Palmerini ◽  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Adaptation Effect ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Aseptic Conditions

Selenium is an essential micronutrient that provides important benefits to plants and humans. At proper concentrations, selenium increases plant growth, pollen vitality, the shelf life of fresh products, and seems to improve stress resistance; these effects can certainly be attributed to its direct and indirect antioxidant capacity. For these reasons, in the present work, the effects of selenium at different dosages on in vitro cultivated olive explants were investigated to observe possible positive effects (in terms of growth and vigor) on the proliferation phase. The work was carried out on four different olive cultivars: “San Felice”, “Canino”, “Frantoio”, and “Moraiolo”. The explants were cultured in aseptic conditions on olive medium (OM), with the addition of 4 mg·L−1 of zeatin, 30 g·L−1 of sucrose, and 7 g·L−1 of agar. The experimental scheme included a comparison between explants grown with five different concentrations of Na2SeO4 (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg L−1) added to the medium during three successive subcultures. Interesting information has emerged from the results and all varieties responded to different concentrations of Selenium. The optimal Se dosages varied for each cultivar, but in general, Se concentration between 10 and 40 mg L−1 increased fresh and dry weight of the explants and shoot lengths. Se treatment induced in all cultivars and for all dosages used an increase in total Se content in proliferated explants. Furthermore, as the subcultures proceeded, the ability of the explants to absorb Se did not diminish. The Se content ranged from 8.55 to 114.21 µg kg−1 plant DW in ‘Frantoio’, from 9.83 to 94.85 µg kg−1 plant DW in ‘Moraiolo’, from 19.84 to 114.21 µg kg−1 plant DW in ‘Canino’, and from 20.97 to 95.54 µg kg−1 plant DW in ‘San Felice’. In general, the effect of selenium tends to decrease with the progress of subcultures and this suggests a sort of “adaptation” effect of the explants to its presence. The present study highlights for the first time the possibility of using in vitro cultures as biotechnological support to study supplementation with selenium and its effects on in vitro olive plant growth.

Comparative effects of grain lentil–wheat and monoculture wheat on crop production, N economy and N fertility in a Brown Chernozem

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
A. J. Leyshon
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Fertilizer N

Low commodity prices and a desire by producers on the Canadian Prairies to reduce fertilizer-N inputs have resulted in a marked increase in grain lentil (Lens culinaris medikus) production. Many producers grow lentil in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A 12-yr study carried out at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, on an Orthic Brown Chernozemic silt loam was used to compare the N economy of four monoculture wheat rotations, of various rotation lengths and levels of N fertilization, with that of a wheat–lentil (W–Len) rotation. Except for continuous wheat (Cont W) receiving mainly P fertilizer, all systems received N and P on the basis of soil tests. Neither grain nor straw yield of the associated wheat crop was influenced by lentil in the rotation; but grain- and straw-N concentrations of the wheat in W–Len were increased compared with those of monoculture wheat. Average N content of straw was greatest for grain lentil and for wheat grown on fallow (F) (14.2 kg ha−1 yr−1), followed by wheat in W–Len (11.8 kg ha−1 yr−1) and by stubble-wheat of well-fertilized monoculture systems (F–W–W and Cont W (9.5 kg ha−1 yr−1)), and lowest for Cont W receiving mainly P (5.7 kg ha−1 yr−1). Nitrate N in the root zone (0–90 cm) in spring and at harvest was greatest under F–W, followed by W–Len and then by F–W–W and Cont W receiving N and P, and lowest for Cont W receiving mainly P. In the last 5 or 6 yr of study, there was a marked increase in the amount of soil-NO3 N found in the root zone under the W–Len rotation. This was accompanied by a similar increase in the apparent net N mineralized (estimated by N balance) during the growing season. Concomitantly, there was a gradual reduction in the fertilizer-N requirement for W–Len, indicating a cumulative enhancement of the N-supplying power of the soil, although estimates of the initial potential rate of N mineralization on samples taken in 1990 did not confirm this trend. We concluded that soil-testing laboratories may need to adjust fertilizer-N recommendations downward for producers that regularly use a 2-yr W–Len rotation. There was less NO3 N leached below the root zone of W–Len, probably because there was greater synchrony of N uptake in W–Len than in Cont W (N + P); this augurs well for the use of the W–Len rotation for sustainability.Key words: Crop rotations, pulse crops, N mineralization, N fixation, N leaching

scholarly journals Agricultural Practices Modulate the Beneficial Activity of Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes for Plant Growth and Nutrition: Evidence from an Original Intact Soil Core Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7181
Author(s):  
Jean Trap ◽  
Mahafaka Patricia Ranoarisoa ◽  
Sariaka Raharijaona ◽  
Lilia Rabeharisoa ◽  
Claude Plassard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Intact Soil Core ◽  
Intact Soil

Free-living nematodes have beneficial effects on plant growth and nutrition. Exploring how agricultural practices modulate these beneficial effects is still challenging. A study was conducted in Ferralsols from Madagascar from one unmanaged grassland and 16 upland rainfed rice fields, representative of different agricultural practices: rotation, agroforestry and monoculture. Intact soil cores in plastic cylinders were sampled in the field to assess the effects of agricultural practices on changes in plant growth and nutrition induced by the presence of bacterial-feeding nematodes. The soil cores were fumigated to kill the nematodes and moistened with a filtered fresh soil suspension containing only microbial cells. A rice seed was introduced in the core, which was then incubated under natural climatic conditions for 40 days with or without inoculation of the bacterial-feeding nematode Acrobeloides sp. The inoculation of the nematodes induced lower, similar or higher plant biomass and nutrient content in comparison to the control according to the agricultural practices. Positive effects of Acrobeloides sp. on plant functions were frequent in soil cores sampled from fields with high plant diversity, especially from agroforestry systems. The intact soil core technique appears to be a robust means of mimicking field conditions and constitutes a promising tool to assess effects on soil processes of the ecological intensification of agricultural practices.

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