scholarly journals Effect of a Carotenoid Extract from Citrus reticulata By-Products on the Immune-Oxidative Status of Broilers

Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki ◽  
Sofia Marka ◽  
Eleni D. Myrtsi ◽  
Elisavet Giamouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Although carotenoids generally possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, the in vivo synergistic action of carotenoid blends derived from plant-based by-products has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the carotenoid characterization and antimicrobial potential of Citrus reticulata extract as well as the impact of this carotenoid-rich extract (CCE) dietary supplementation on the performance, meat quality, and immune-oxidative status of broiler chickens were determined. One hundred and twenty one-day-old hatched chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to two dietary groups, with four replicate pens of 15 birds each. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% CCE (25 mg carotenoid extract included in 1 g of soluble starch) for 42 d. β-Cryptoxanthin, β -Carotene, Zeaxanthin, and Lutein were the prevailing carotenoid compounds in the Citrus reticulata extract. The CCE feed additive exerted inhibitory properties against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and negative (Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria. Both the broiler performance and meat quality did not substantially differ, while the breast muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.070) in the CCE-fed broilers. The inclusion of CCE decreased the alanine aminotransferase and MDA concentration, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in the blood. Catalase and NADPH oxidase 2 relative transcript levels were significantly downregulated in the livers of the CCE-fed broilers. Additionally, Interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) relative transcript levels were downregulated in the livers of the CCE- fed broilers, while TNF and interferon γ (IFNG) tended to decrease in the spleens and bursa of Fabricius, respectively. The present study provided new insights regarding the beneficial properties of carotenoids contained in Citrus reticulata in broilers’ immune-oxidative status. These promising outcomes could be the basis for further research under field conditions.

scholarly journals Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Fat-Tailed Lambs Fed Rosemary Residues as a Part of Concentrate

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Yathreb Yagoubi ◽  
Samir Smeti ◽  
Samia Ben Saïd ◽  
Houssem Srihi ◽  
Ilyes Mekki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Distillation Residues ◽  
By Products

Facing climate change implications on feeds unavailability, unconventional resources are being considered with a growing interest such as aromatic plant distillation residues with a two-fold object, enhancing meat quality by increasing the antioxidant properties and reducing feed prices which are often imported though expensive. Hence, this study aims to assess the effects of rosemary distillation residues (RR) incorporation in concentrate associated to two nitrogen sources as a substitute for standard concentrate on lamb’s growth, carcass traits and meat quality. For this, 24 Barbarine male lambs (3 months old, 17.83 ± 2.6 kg body weight) were divided into three groups. All lambs received individually 600 g of oat hay as roughage and 600 g of standard concentrate for control group, 600 g of concentrate based on RR and soybean meal for RRS group and 600 g of concentrate based on RR and faba bean for RRF group. After 65 days of experiment, all lambs were slaughtered. Phenolic and tocopherol intakes were significantly higher for both RR groups compared to control (p < 0.05). Growth, carcass weights, dressing percentages and non-carcass component weights were unaffected by the diet (p > 0.05). Moreover, regional and tissular compositions and meat physical properties were similar irrespective of the diet (p > 0.05). All color parameters were similar among groups (p > 0.05). However, meat produced by lambs receiving RR-based concentrate was richer on vitamin E and polyphenol contents than control lambs (p < 0.05). Rosemary by-products may substitute the standard concentrate resulting in similar lamb’s growth and carcass traits, while improving meat quality by increasing vitamin E content, which could improve its antioxidant power.

scholarly journals Dietary Cinnamon Bark Affects Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Breast Meat Quality in Broiler Infected with Eimeria tenella Oocysts

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
The Impact

A total of 150 broiler chicks were used to determine the impact of dietary cinnamon bark powder (CBP; Cinnamomum verum) on breast meat quality, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of birds under coccidiosis, as one of the protozoan parasitic diseases. A total of 5 replicates of birds received 1 of the following 6 groups for 34 days: control groups (1 and 2) received a basal diet without the addition of CBP or salinomycin; group 3 received a basal diet with 0.066 g salinomycin; groups 4–6 were given a basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, and 6 g CBP/kg feed, respectively. On day 21, 4 × 104/100 µL of Eimeria tenella oocysts/bird were challenged, except for the negative control (NC). At the end of the experimental trial, five birds/group were sampled for carcass characteristics and breast attributes. Overall, emeriosis negatively affects slaughter body mass, carcass yield, and the majority of carcass characteristics in birds, and cinnamon can mitigate these effects. Cinnamon groups, particularly at the 2 g level, alleviated the negative effect on performance caused by coccidia infestation to the same or greater extent as the negative control and salinomycin treatment groups. Furthermore, when compared with the other experimental groups, the addition of cinnamon improved some physicochemical properties with some affecting meat quality, such as decreasing MFI and increasing toughness in cinnamon-treated groups. In summary, it can be concluded that CBP can enhance the shelf life, carcass, and quality of birds’ meat by maximizing the productive performance efficiency and breast meat productivity of birds under coccidiosis infestation. Further research is required to investigate the use of cinnamon to optimize the quality of meat and the productivity of both healthy and diseased broilers.

scholarly journals Guanidino-Acetic Acid: A Scarce Substance in Biomass That Can Regulate Postmortem Meat Glycolysis of Broilers Subjected to Pre-slaughter Transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolin Zhang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Zhen He ◽  
Peiyong Song ◽  
Meilin Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Glycolytic Potential ◽  
Transport Stress

The different substances in biomass can regulate the metabolism and reproduction of broilers. Guanidino-acetic acid (GAA) is a natural feed additive that showed a potential application in dietary for broilers, while its amount is scarce in biomass. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplemented with GAA on muscle glycolysis of broilers subjected to pre-slaughter transportation. A total of 160 Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens were randomly assigned into three treatments, including a basal control diet without GAA supplementation (80 birds) or supplemented with 600 mg/kg (40 birds) or 1,200 mg/kg (40 birds) GAA for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the control group was equally divided into two groups, thus resulting in four groups. All birds in the four groups aforementioned were separately treated according to the following protocols: (1) no transport of birds of the control group fed with the basal diet; (2) a 3-h transport of birds of the control group fed with the basal diet; (3) a 3-h transport of birds fed with diets supplemented with 600 mg/kg GAA; and (4) a 3-h transport of birds fed with diets supplemented with 1,200 mg/kg GAA. The results demonstrated that 3-h pre-slaughter transport stress increased corticosterone contents and lowered glucose contents in plasma (P &lt; 0.05), decreased pH24h (P &lt; 0.05), and resulted in inferior meat quality evidenced by elevating the drip loss, cooking loss, and L∗ value (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, 3-h pre-slaughter transport stress decreased the contents of Cr and ATP in muscle (P &lt; 0.05) and elevated the ratio of AMP:ATP and the glycolytic potential of muscle (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, 3-h pre-slaughter transport resulted in a significant elevation of mRNA expressions of LKB1 and AMPKα2 (P &lt; 0.05), as well as the increase in protein abundances of LKB1 phosphorylation and AMPKα phosphorylation (P &lt; 0.05). However, 1,200 mg/kg GAA supplementation alleviated negative parameters in plasma, improved meat quality, and ameliorated postmortem glycolysis and energy metabolism through regulating the creatine–phosphocreatine cycle and key factors of AMPK signaling. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1,200 mg/kg GAA contributed to improving meat quality via ameliorating muscle energy expenditure and delaying anaerobic glycolysis of broilers subjected to the 3-h pre-slaughter transport.

scholarly journals Diet, Immunity, and Microbiota Interactions: An Integrative Analysis of the Intestine Transcriptional Response and Microbiota Modulation in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Fed an Essential Oils-Based Functional Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana P. Firmino ◽  
Eva Vallejos-Vidal ◽  
M. Carmen Balebona ◽  
Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas ◽  
Isabel M. Cerezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
The Impact

Essential oils (EOs) are promising alternatives to chemotherapeutics in animal production due to their immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, without associated environmental or hazardous side effects. In the present study, the modulation of the transcriptional immune response (microarray analysis) and microbiota [16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing] in the intestine of the euryhaline fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a dietary supplementation of garlic, carvacrol, and thymol EOs was evaluated. The transcriptomic functional analysis showed the regulation of genes related to processes of proteolysis and inflammatory modulation, immunity, transport and secretion, response to cyclic compounds, symbiosis, and RNA metabolism in fish fed the EOs-supplemented diet. Particularly, the activation of leukocytes, such as acidophilic granulocytes, was suggested to be the primary actors of the innate immune response promoted by the tested functional feed additive in the gut. Fish growth performance and gut microbiota alpha diversity indices were not affected, while dietary EOs promoted alterations in bacterial abundances in terms of phylum, class, and genus. Subtle, but significant alterations in microbiota composition, such as the decrease in Bacteroidia and Clostridia classes, were suggested to participate in the modulation of the intestine transcriptional immune profile observed in fish fed the EOs diet. Moreover, regarding microbiota functionality, increased bacterial sequences associated with glutathione and lipid metabolisms, among others, detected in fish fed the EOs supported the metabolic alterations suggested to potentially affect the observed immune-related transcriptional response. The overall results indicated that the tested dietary EOs may promote intestinal local immunity through the impact of the EOs on the host-microbial co-metabolism and consequent regulation of significant biological processes, evidencing the crosstalk between gut and microbiota in the inflammatory regulation upon administration of immunostimulant feed additives.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Christina Mitsiopoulou ◽  
Christos Christodoulou ◽  
Paraskevi Kariampa ◽  
Marica Simoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
The Impact

There is limited information on the impact of dietary supplementation with separate rumen-protected (RP) amino acids (AA), or with their combination, on ewes’ oxidative status. Sixty ewes were divided into five groups; C: basal diet (control); M: basal diet + 6 g/ewe RP methionine; L: basal diet + 5 g/ewe RP lysine; LML: basal diet + 6 g methionine and 5 g lysine/ewe; and HML: basal diet + 12 g methionine + 5 g lysine/ewe. Milk’s fat content increased in RP-AA fed ewes, while that of protein in M and L only. In blood plasma, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced in the M, LML, and HML compared to C-fed ewes. An increase in glutathione transferase activity in the blood plasma of the M and LML compared to the C and HML-fed ewes were found. In milk, lower values of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in the LML and HML-fed ewes and of 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) in LML only, were found. Lysine increased milk’s FRAP values and MDA content. Both L and HML diets increased milk’s protein carbonyls content. Methionine improves the organism’s oxidative status, without adversely affecting milk’s oxidative stability. Lysine dietary inclusion affects negatively the oxidative stability of milk.

scholarly journals Potential Novel Therapies for Neurodevelopmental Diseases Targeting Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alexandrina S. Curpan ◽  
Alina-Costina Luca ◽  
Alin Ciobica
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Glutathione Level ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a category of diseases that is not yet fully understood. Due to their common traits and pathways, often it is difficult to differentiate between them based on their symptoms only. A series of hypotheses are trying to define their etiology, such as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and immunology, but none have managed to explain their multifactorial manifestation. One feature that may link all theories is that of oxidative stress, with a redox imbalance as well as several other markers of oxidative damage (on lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) being observed in both postmortem samples of the brain of patients with schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. However, the implication of oxidative stress in pathology is still distrustfully looked upon. For this purpose, in the current paper, we were interested in reviewing the implications of oxidative stress in these disorders as well as the impact of N-acetylcysteine on the oxidative status with a focus on the glutathione level and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. We were also interested in finding papers targeting the use of antioxidant properties of different plant extracts.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Vinification by-Products: A Valorization Approach

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Elisavet Giamouri ◽  
Eleni D. Myrtsi ◽  
Epameinondas Evergetis ◽  
Katiana Filippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
By Products

Vinification by-products display great potential for utilization as feed additives rich in antioxidant compounds. Thus, the effect of dietary ground grape pomace (GGP), wine lees extract rich in yeast cell walls (WYC), and grape stem extracts (PE) on the relative expression of several genes involved in liver oxidative mechanisms and the oxidative status of the blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens was investigated. In total, 240 one-day-old as hatched chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to four treatments, with four replicate pens and 15 birds in each pen. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg GGP, or 2 g/kg WYC, or 1 g starch including 100 mg pure stem extract/kg (PE) for 42 d. The polyphenolic content of vinification by-products was determined using an LC-MS/MS library indicating as prevailing compounds procyanidin B1 and B2, gallic acid, caftaric acid, (+)-catechin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol. Body weight and feed consumption were not significantly affected. The relative transcript level of GPX1 and SOD1 tended to increase in the liver of WYC-fed broilers, while NOX2 tended to decrease in the PE group. SOD activity in blood plasma was significantly increased in WYC and PE compared to the CON group. The total antioxidant capacity measured with FRAP assay showed significantly higher values in the breast muscle of PE-fed broilers, while the malondialdehyde concentration was significantly decreased in both WYC- and PE-fed broilers compared to the CON group. The exploitation of vinification by-products as feed additives appears to be a promising strategy to improve waste valorization and supply animals with bioactive molecules capable of improving animals’ oxidative status and products’ oxidative stability.

scholarly journals The effects of kaolin, bentonite and zeolite dietary supplementation on broiler chickens meat quality during storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Safaei ◽  
Razieh Rezaei ◽  
Fatollah Boldaji ◽  
Behrooz Dastar ◽  
Mojtaba Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of broiler chickens dietary kaolin, bentonite and zeolite supplementations on broiler thigh meat water holding capacity (WHC), lipid oxidation (TBARS), pH, and meat color during frozen storage. A total of 448-dayold sexed broiler cockerels were randomly assigned into 28 experimental units. A cornsoybean meal basal diet with 0, 15 and 30 g/kg kaolin, bentonite and zeolite as feed additive were added to control and 6 dietary treatments. Chickens were slaughtered and the left thighs kept at −20°C and analyzed after 1 and 150 days of storage. Experimental treatments had no effect on meat WHC, pH and color. Freezing at −20°C for 150 days impaired meat quality and caused chicken rancidity; however, lipid oxidation measured by TBARS value was significantly lower in chickens received diets including 15 g/kg bentonite and kaolin comparing to control diet after 150 days of frozen storage (P&lt;0.05). It was concluded that though adding silicate minerals did not significantly influence WHC, pH and color in experimental treatments, they had influenced lipid oxidation and decreased chicken meat rancidity during frozen storage period

scholarly journals Functionality of Elaeocarpus serratus leaves on growth, meat quality and cost return analysis in broiler rearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-658
Author(s):  
Md Manirul Islam ◽  
Meherunnesa Chowdhury Sumy ◽  
Kona Adhikary ◽  
Priunka Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Treatment

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of olive leaves with probiotics (OLP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood parameters and oxidative stability of meat in broiler. A total of 160 day old, unsexed Cobb-500 chicks were distributed in to five dietary treatment groups: Control (Basal diet), OLP-1 (Basal diet + 0.4% OLP, DM basis), OLP-2 (Basal diet + 0.8% OLP, DM basis), OLP-3 (Basal diet + 1.2% OLP, DM basis) and OLP-4 (Basal diet + 1.6% OLP, DM basis) having 4 replications with 8 birds in each in a completely randomized design. Results showed that the live weight, overall average daily gain (ADG) increased significantly (p<0.05) in all treatment groups compared to control. The weekly feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced significantly (p<0.05) in 0-14 days and the weekly ADG improved in 15-28 days. Blood cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly (p<0.05) in all treatment groups except OLP-4 compared to control. The dressing percentage showed significant (p<0.05) difference among treatment groups and control. Organs weight were similar among treatment groups, although the breast meat and bursa weight differed significantly (p<0.05) in treatment groups. A significant increase (p<0.05) in meat crude protein (CP) and total ash content in treatment groups relative to control. Meat thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) significantly (p<0.05) decreased at 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.8% during 1st, 2nd, 3rd weeks and in average value as well. Net return and benefit cost ratio (BCR) substantially increased in all treatment groups compared to control (p<0.05). Finally, dietary OLP supplementation improved growth performance, meat CP and ash content, increased blood cholesterol, HDL content, net rutrun and BCR while reduced meat TBARS value. Thus, olive leaf probiotics can be a potential source to be used as feed additive in broiler. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 650-658

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