scholarly journals Effects of Supplementing Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine on Milk Performance and Oxidative Status of Dairy Ewes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Christina Mitsiopoulou ◽  
Christos Christodoulou ◽  
Paraskevi Kariampa ◽  
Marica Simoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
The Impact

There is limited information on the impact of dietary supplementation with separate rumen-protected (RP) amino acids (AA), or with their combination, on ewes’ oxidative status. Sixty ewes were divided into five groups; C: basal diet (control); M: basal diet + 6 g/ewe RP methionine; L: basal diet + 5 g/ewe RP lysine; LML: basal diet + 6 g methionine and 5 g lysine/ewe; and HML: basal diet + 12 g methionine + 5 g lysine/ewe. Milk’s fat content increased in RP-AA fed ewes, while that of protein in M and L only. In blood plasma, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced in the M, LML, and HML compared to C-fed ewes. An increase in glutathione transferase activity in the blood plasma of the M and LML compared to the C and HML-fed ewes were found. In milk, lower values of the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in the LML and HML-fed ewes and of 2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) in LML only, were found. Lysine increased milk’s FRAP values and MDA content. Both L and HML diets increased milk’s protein carbonyls content. Methionine improves the organism’s oxidative status, without adversely affecting milk’s oxidative stability. Lysine dietary inclusion affects negatively the oxidative stability of milk.

scholarly journals Sesame Meal, Vitamin E and Selenium Influence Goats’ Antioxidant Status

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Eleni Tsiplakou ◽  
Christina Mitsiopoulou ◽  
Chrysoula Karaiskou ◽  
Marica Simoni ◽  
Athanasios C. Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sesame Meal ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats’ oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were divided into five homogeneous groups, and were fed 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of concentrates daily. The control group (C) received a basal diet. In the concentrates of the treated groups, 10% of the soybean meal was replaced by sesame meal and no extra VitE or Se (SM), or an extra 60 mg of VitE (SME), or 0.1 mg organic Se (SMSe), or their combination (60 mg VitE and 0,1 mg organic Se/kg of concentrate (SMESe). In the plasma of the goats, the dietary treatments did not affect glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, or the total antioxidant capacity. A reduction and a trend for lower protein carbonyls content was found in goats fed SM (p = 0.03) and SME (p = 0.06) compared to SMESe. In the milk, the lactoperoxidase activity decreased with SMSe and SMESe. A numerical decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and an increase in the MDA content in the milk of the SMESe group compared with the other treated groups was found. In mid-lactation goats, SM improves the oxidative status of both the organism and the milk.

The administration of diets contaminated with low to intermediate doses of deoxynivalenol and supplemented with antioxidants and binding agents slightly affects the growth, antioxidant status and vaccine response in weanling pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lo Verso ◽  
Kristina Dumont ◽  
Martin Lessard ◽  
Karoline Lauzon ◽  
Chantale Provost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grading levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet of weaned pigs, as well as the effects of a supplementation with antioxidants (AOX), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) and their combination on the growth, antioxidant status, immune and vaccine response against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). At weaning, 336 piglets were allocated to six dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. Treatments were as follows: basal diet (CTRL); basal diet containing DON at 1.2 mg/kg (DON1.2); basal diet containing DON at 2.4 mg/kg (DON2.4); DON2.4 diet + a mix of AOX which included vitamins A and E at 20,000 IU and 200 IU/kg feed respectively, selenized yeast at 0.3 mg/kg and a grape seed extracts at 100 mg/kg feed (DON2.4+AOX); DON2.4 diet + modified HSCAS at 1 g/kg (DON2.4+HSCAS); DON2.4+AOX+HSCAS. Pigs were vaccinated against PRRSV and PCV2 at 7 d; at 0, 14 and 35 d growth performance were recorded, and blood samples were collected in order to evaluate the oxidative status, inflammatory blood markers, lymphocyte blastogenic response and vaccine antibody response. Increasing intake of DON resulted in a quadratic effect at 35 d in the lymphocyte proliferative response to Concanavalin A and PCV2 as well as in the anti-PRRSV antibody response, whereas the catalase activity decreased in DON2.4 pigs compared to the CTRL and DON1.2 groups (P ≤ 0.05). Compared to the DON2.4 diet, the AOX supplementation slightly reduced G:F ratio (P = 0.026) and increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma as well as α-tocopherol concentration (P < 0.05), whereas the association AOX+HSCAS increased the anti-PRRSV IgG (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the HSCAS supplement reduced haptoglobin levels in serum at 14 d compared to the DON2.4 group; however, its concentration decreased in all the experimental treatments from 14 d to 35 d and particularly in the DON2.4+AOX pigs, whereas a different trend was evidenced in the DON2.4+HSCAS group, where over the same period haptoglobin concentration increased (P < 0.05). Overall, our results show that the addition of AOX and HSCAS in the diet may alleviate the negative effects due to DON contamination on the antioxidant status and immune response of vaccinated weanling pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of a Carotenoid Extract from Citrus reticulata By-Products on the Immune-Oxidative Status of Broilers

Antioxidants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki ◽  
Sofia Marka ◽  
Eleni D. Myrtsi ◽  
Elisavet Giamouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Although carotenoids generally possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, the in vivo synergistic action of carotenoid blends derived from plant-based by-products has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the carotenoid characterization and antimicrobial potential of Citrus reticulata extract as well as the impact of this carotenoid-rich extract (CCE) dietary supplementation on the performance, meat quality, and immune-oxidative status of broiler chickens were determined. One hundred and twenty one-day-old hatched chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to two dietary groups, with four replicate pens of 15 birds each. Birds were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% CCE (25 mg carotenoid extract included in 1 g of soluble starch) for 42 d. β-Cryptoxanthin, β -Carotene, Zeaxanthin, and Lutein were the prevailing carotenoid compounds in the Citrus reticulata extract. The CCE feed additive exerted inhibitory properties against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and negative (Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria. Both the broiler performance and meat quality did not substantially differ, while the breast muscle malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.070) in the CCE-fed broilers. The inclusion of CCE decreased the alanine aminotransferase and MDA concentration, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, while the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased in the blood. Catalase and NADPH oxidase 2 relative transcript levels were significantly downregulated in the livers of the CCE-fed broilers. Additionally, Interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) relative transcript levels were downregulated in the livers of the CCE- fed broilers, while TNF and interferon γ (IFNG) tended to decrease in the spleens and bursa of Fabricius, respectively. The present study provided new insights regarding the beneficial properties of carotenoids contained in Citrus reticulata in broilers’ immune-oxidative status. These promising outcomes could be the basis for further research under field conditions.

Features of the oxidative status in patients with lupus nephritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
E. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. V. Proskurnina ◽  
T. N. Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Neutrophil Activity ◽  
Kidney Involvement

BACKGROUND. Oxidative status impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). The data about oxidative status in this disease are incomplete, that’s why it’s necessary to use a new approach to study it. THE AIM: To study oxidative status in SLE patients with kidney involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS:53 patients with SLE were included in this prospective study, among them 40 patients with different severity of kidney involvement, control group were 87 healthy donors. Oxidative stress parameters were measured: antioxidant activity (AOA) of blood plasma and parameters, characterizing the state of the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – neutrophils, more specifically: specific spontaneous neutrophil activity, specific stimulated activity (peak and integral), coefficient of respiratory burst attenuation, representing the rate of free radical production decrease after stimulation, the higher the value of this parameter, the slower is free radical production decrease. RESULTS. It was shown elevation of neutrophil free radical-producing activity parameters and elevation of blood plasma AOA in patients with LN, comparing to healthy controls. Immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS) and cytostatics (CS) increased blood plasma AOA comparing to monotherapy with GCS. A correlation between oxidative status impairment and intensity of inflammatory reactions was found: correlation of respiratory burst attenuation coefficient with blood sedimentation rate was shown. Reduction of spontaneous free radical-producing neutrophil activity was found in LN patients with NS, which might be the result of neutrophil functional activity attenuation in high disease activity. CONCLUSION. The increased free radical-producing neutrophil activity was shown, which might be the cause of oxidative stress in SLE with LN. It seems warranted investigation of these parameters in samples of larger volume to search targets aimed at neutrophils. The necessity of antioxidant therapy in patients with SLE seems doubtful, as they show significant increase of blood plasma AOA, which might result from compensatory reaction of human organism to oxidative stress and therapy with GCS and CS.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Advanced Constitutive Modeling of the Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic Behavior of Blood: Steady-State Blood Flow in Microtubes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Giannokostas ◽  
Yannis Dimakopoulos ◽  
Andreas Anayiotos ◽  
John Tsamopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Flow Investigation ◽  
The Impact

The present work focuses on the in-silico investigation of the steady-state blood flow in straight microtubes, incorporating advanced constitutive modeling for human blood and blood plasma. The blood constitutive model accounts for the interplay between thixotropy and elasto-visco-plasticity via a scalar variable that describes the level of the local blood structure at any instance. The constitutive model is enhanced by the non-Newtonian modeling of the plasma phase, which features bulk viscoelasticity. Incorporating microcirculation phenomena such as the cell-free layer (CFL) formation or the Fåhraeus and the Fåhraeus-Lindqvist effects is an indispensable part of the blood flow investigation. The coupling between them and the momentum balance is achieved through correlations based on experimental observations. Notably, we propose a new simplified form for the dependence of the apparent viscosity on the hematocrit that predicts the CFL thickness correctly. Our investigation focuses on the impact of the microtube diameter and the pressure-gradient on velocity profiles, normal and shear viscoelastic stresses, and thixotropic properties. We demonstrate the microstructural configuration of blood in steady-state conditions, revealing that blood is highly aggregated in narrow tubes, promoting a flat velocity profile. Additionally, the proper accounting of the CFL thickness shows that for narrow microtubes, the reduction of discharged hematocrit is significant, which in some cases is up to 70%. At high pressure-gradients, the plasmatic proteins in both regions are extended in the flow direction, developing large axial normal stresses, which are more significant in the core region. We also provide normal stress predictions at both the blood/plasma interface (INS) and the tube wall (WNS), which are difficult to measure experimentally. Both decrease with the tube radius; however, they exhibit significant differences in magnitude and type of variation. INS varies linearly from 4.5 to 2 Pa, while WNS exhibits an exponential decrease taking values from 50 mPa to zero.

Analysis of Global Oxidative Status Using Multimarker Scores Reveals a Specific Association Between Renal Dysfunction and Diuretic Therapy in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rodríguez-Sánchez ◽  
José Alberto Navarro-García ◽  
Jennifer Aceves-Ripoll ◽  
Laura González-Lafuente ◽  
Nerea Corbacho-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Older Population ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Diuretic Treatment

Abstract Aging and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important interrelated cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors linked to oxidative stress, but this relationship has not been well studied in older adults. We assessed the global oxidative status in an older population with normal to severely impaired renal function. We determined the oxidative status of 93 older adults (mean age 85 years) using multimarker scores. OxyScore was computed as index of systemic oxidative damage by analyzing carbonyl groups, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, and xanthine oxidase activity. AntioxyScore was computed as index of antioxidant defense by analyzing catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity. OxyScore and AntioxyScore were higher in subjects with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 than in peers with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2, with protein carbonyls, catalase, and SOD activity as major drivers. Older adults with a recent cardiovascular event had similar OxyScore and AntioxyScore as peers with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that both indices were associated with decreased eGFR independently of traditional CVR factors. Interestingly, AntioxyScore was also associated with diuretic treatment, and a more pronounced increase was seen in subjects receiving combination therapy. The associations of AntioxyScore with diuretic treatment and eGFR were mutually independent. In conclusion, eGFR is the major contributor to the imbalance in oxidative stress in this older population. Given the association between oxidative stress, CKD, and CVR, the inclusion of renal function parameters in CVR estimators for older populations, such as the SCORE-OP, might improve their modest performance.

scholarly journals Ingredient-Dependent Extent of Lipid Oxidation in Margarine

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sarah Fruehwirth ◽  
Sandra Egger ◽  
Dennis Kurzbach ◽  
Jakob Windisch ◽  
Franz Jirsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

This study reports the impact of margarine-representative ingredients on its oxidative stability and green tea extract as a promising antioxidant in margarine. Oil-in-water emulsions received much attention regarding factors that influence their oxidative stability, however, water-in-oil emulsions have only been scarcely investigated. Margarine, a widely consumed water-in-oil emulsion, consists of 80–90% fat and is thermally treated when used for baking. As different types of margarine contain varying additives, their impact on the oxidative stability of margarine during processing is of pressing importance. Thus, the influence of different ingredients, such as emulsifiers, antioxidants, citric acid, β-carotene and NaCl on the oxidative stability of margarine, heated at 80 °C for 1 h to accelerate lipid oxidation, was analyzed by the peroxide value and oxidation induction time. We found that monoglycerides influenced lipid oxidation depending on their fatty acyl chain. α-Tocopheryl acetate promoted lipid oxidation, while rosemary and green tea extract led to the opposite. Whereas green tea extract alone showed the most prominent antioxidant effect, combinations of green tea extract with citric acid, β-carotene or NaCl increased lipid oxidation in margarine. Complementary, NMR data suggested that polyphenols in green tea extracts might decrease lipid mobility at the surface of the water droplets, which might lead to chelating of transition metals at the interface and decreasing lipid oxidation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Repeated Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Sirt1 and Sirt3 Concentrations and Oxidative Status in Older and Young Men Performing Different Levels of Physical Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Gabriela Wojciak ◽  
Jadwiga Szymura ◽  
Zbigniew Szygula ◽  
Joanna Gradek ◽  
Magdalena Wiecek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
The Impact

Background: The activity of antioxidant enzymes and sirtuins (Sirt) decreases along with age, which is counteracted by aerobic training. Sirtuins increase antioxidant defence. Whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) increases total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in young men. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of 24 WBC treatments on the blood concentration of selected sirtuins and the level of antioxidant defence as well as oxidative stress index of training and non-training men depending on age. Methods: The study involved 40 males. In each group, there were 10 non-training older and young men (60 NTR and 20 NTR), and 10 older and young long-distance runners (60 TR, 20 TR). During an 8-week period, participants underwent 24 WBC treatments (3 min −130 °C), which were performed three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). The concentrations of Sirt1, Sirt3, TAC, total oxidative status and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the blood were determined before 1 WBC and after 1 WBC, 12 WBC and 24 WBC. Results: After 1 WBC, the activity of GPx and the concentration of Sirt1 and TAC in 60 TR and TAC in 60 NTR increased. After 12 WBC, the level of Sirt1 in 20 NTR and SOD in 20 TR increased. After 24 WBC, the level of Sirt1 increased in 60 TR and in 20 NTR, Sirt3 in 60 TR and SOD in 20 TR. Conclusions: Cryogenic temperatures increase blood levels of Sirt1 and Sirt3 and systemic antioxidant defence in men, but the effect is dependent on age, level of performed physical activity and the number of applied treatments.

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