scholarly journals Role of Selenium and Selenoproteins in Male Reproductive Function: A Review of Past and Present Evidences

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Hyder Qazi ◽  
Christiana Angel ◽  
Haoxuan Yang ◽  
Evangelos Zoidis ◽  
Bo Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
The Subject

Selenium (Se) is an important trace mineral having many essential roles at the cellular and organismal levels in animal and human health. The biological effects of Se are mainly carried out by selenoproteins (encoded by 25 genes in humans and 24 in mice). As an essential component of selenoproteins, Se performs structural and enzymic roles; in the latter context it is well known for its catalytic and antioxidative functions. Studies involving different animal models have added great value to our understanding regarding the potential implications of Se and selenoproteins in mammalian fertility and reproduction. In this review, we highlight the implications of selenoproteins in male fertility and reproduction followed by the characteristic biological functions of Se and selenoproteins associated with overall male reproductive function. It is evident from observations of past studies (both animal and human) that Se is essentially required for spermatogenesis and male fertility, presumably because of its vital role in modulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and other essential biological pathways and redox sensitive transcription factors. However, bearing in mind the evidences from mainstream literature, it is also advisable to perform more studies focusing on the elucidation of additional roles played by the peculiar and canonical selenoproteins i.e., glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in the male reproductive functions. Nevertheless, search for the elucidation of additional putative mechanisms potentially modulated by other biologically relevant selenoproteins should also be included in the scope of future studies. However, as for the implication of Se in fertility and reproduction in men, though a few clinical trials explore the effects of Se supplementation on male fertility, due to inconsistencies in the recruitment of subjects and heterogeneity of designs, the comparison of such studies is still complicated and less clear. Therefore, further research focused on the roles of Se and selenoproteins is awaited for validating the evidences at hand and outlining any therapeutic schemes intended for improving male fertility. As such, new dimensions could be added to the subject of male fertility and Se supplementation.

scholarly journals Obesity and Male Reproduction: Do Sirtuins Play a Role?

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Federica Barbagallo ◽  
Sandro La La Vignera ◽  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Laura M. Mongioì ◽  
Vincenzo Garofalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Male Reproductive Function

Obesity is a major current public health problem of global significance. A progressive sperm quality decline, and a decline in male fertility, have been reported in recent decades. Several studies have reported a strict relationship between obesity and male reproductive dysfunction. Among the many mechanisms by which obesity impairs male gonadal function, sirtuins (SIRTs) have an emerging role. SIRTs are highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that play a role in gene regulation, metabolism, aging, and cancer. SIRTs regulate the energy balance, the lipid balance, glucose metabolism, and adipogenesis, but current evidence also indicates a role for SIRTs in male reproduction. However, the majority of the studies have been conducted in animal models and very few have been conducted with humans. This review shows that SIRTs play an important role among the molecular mechanisms by which obesity interferes with male fertility. This highlights the need to deepen this relationship. It will be of particular interest to evaluate whether synthetic and/or natural compounds capable of modifying the activity of SIRTs may also be useful for the treatment of obesity and its effects on gonadal function. Although few studies have explored the role of SIRT activators in obesity-induced male infertility, some molecules, such as resveratrol, appear to be effective in modulating SIRT activity, as well as counteracting the negative effects of obesity on male fertility. The search for strategies to improve male reproductive function in overweight/obese patients is a challenge and understanding the role of SIRTs and their activators may open new interesting scenarios in the coming years.

The mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Heydari ◽  
Rafighe Ghiasi ◽  
Saber Ghaderpour ◽  
Rana Keyhanmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Obesity resulted by imbalance between the intake of energy and energy consumption can lead to growth and metabolic disease development in people. Both in obese men and animal models, several studies indicate that obesity leads to male infertility. Objective: This review has discussed some mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility. Method: Online documents were searched through Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites dating from 1959 to recognize studies on obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and infertility. Results: Obesity induced elevated inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress can affect male reproductive functions including spermatogenesis disorders, reduced male fertility power and hormones involved in hypothalamus-pituitarygonadal axis. Conclusion: There is significant evidence that obesity resulted in male infertility. obesity has negative effect on male reproductive function via several mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Regulation of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Mitigating Oxidative Damage in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Taufika Islam Anee ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Adverse Conditions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a usual phenomenon in a plant both under a normal and stressed condition. However, under unfavorable or adverse conditions, ROS production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system either detoxify or scavenge ROS and mitigate their deleterious effects. The Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, also known as Asada–Halliwell pathway comprises of AsA, GSH, and four enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, play a vital role in detoxifying ROS. Apart from ROS detoxification, they also interact with other defense systems in plants and protect the plants from various abiotic stress-induced damages. Several plant studies revealed that the upregulation or overexpression of AsA-GSH pathway enzymes and the enhancement of the AsA and GSH levels conferred plants better tolerance to abiotic stresses by reducing the ROS. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the research on AsA-GSH pathway in terms of oxidative stress tolerance in plants. We also focus on the defense mechanisms as well as molecular interactions.

scholarly journals Antioxidant defense in centenarians (a preliminary study).

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kłapcińska ◽  
J Derejczyk ◽  
K Wieczorowska-Tobis ◽  
A Sobczak ◽  
E Sadowska-Krepa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Preliminary Study

The study was designed to assess the antioxidant defense mechanisms, either enzymatic or non-enzymatic, in a group of sixteen centenarians (one male and fifteen female subjects aged 101 to 105 years) living in the Upper Silesia district (Poland) in order to evaluate the potential role of antioxidant defenses in human longevity. The results of our preliminary study showed that in comparison with young healthy female adults the centenarians had significantly higher red blood cell glutathione reductase and catalase activities and higher, although insignificantly, serum vitamin E level.

scholarly journals The Role of Sufistic-Based Kiai Leadership in Developing the Character of Santri in the Pesantren

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1705-1714
Author(s):  
Chusnul Muali ◽  
Moh Rofiki ◽  
Hasan Baharun ◽  
Zamroni Zamroni ◽  
Lukman Sholeh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Common Understanding

This study aims to describe Sufistic-based Kiai leadership's role in shaping Santri character at the Pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo. This research is a case study qualitative approach, with Kiai as the subject. We collected data using interview, documentation, and observation techniques, then analyzed using reduction techniques, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the Sufistic-based Kiai's leadership had an essential role in fostering the character of the Santri. The study results indicate that the Sufistic-based Kiai leadership has a vital role in promoting the surface of the Santri. Kiai is a person who gives influence in building character with Uswah (Modelling). This study also found that the factors that influence low morale are that Santri has a common understanding of the latest technological developments. In Sufistic-based leadership, there are four things that a leader must possess: 1) The Tawasuth, 2) The nature of I'tidal, 3) The Tawazun, and 4) The Tasamuh.

Targeted disruption of the murine junD gene results in multiple defects in male reproductive function

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thepot ◽  
J.B. Weitzman ◽  
J. Barra ◽  
D. Segretain ◽  
M.G. Stinnakre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Developing Heart ◽  
Redundant Functions ◽  
Transcription Factor Complex

JunD is one of three mammalian Jun proteins that contribute to the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Distinct regulation and functions have been proposed for each Jun member, but less is known about the biological functions of each of these proteins in vivo. To investigate the role of JunD, we have inactivated the murine gene by replacement with a bacterial lacZ reporter gene. Embryonic JunD expression was initially detected in the developing heart and cardiovascular system. Subsequent broadening phases of JunD expression were observed during embryonic development and expression in the adult was widespread in many tissues and cell lineages. Mutant animals lack JunD mRNA and protein and showed no evidence of upregulation of c-Jun and JunB mRNA levels. In contrast to the other two Jun members, homozygous JunD−/− mutant animals were viable and appeared healthy. However, homozygous JunD−/− animals showed a reduced postnatal growth. Furthermore, JunD−/− males exhibited multiple age-dependent defects in reproduction, hormone imbalance and impaired spermatogenesis with abnormalities in head and flagellum sperm structures. No defects in fertility were observed in JunD−/− female animals. These results provide evidence for redundant functions for members of the Jun family during development and specific functions for JunD in male reproductive function.

scholarly journals Chlamydial Infection and Its Role in Male Infertility

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Samplaski ◽  
Trustin Domes ◽  
Keith A. Jarvi
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Infertile Male ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Chlamydia trachomatis is an established cause of tubal factor infertility; however its role in male fertility is not as clear. We sought to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia in infertile men and evaluate its impact on male reproductive potential. Materials and Methods. We compared the incidence of Chlamydia in our infertile male population with that reported in the literature. We then reviewed the impact of Chlamydia infection on male fertility. Results. The incidence of Chlamydia infection in our population of infertile men was 0.3%. There is considerable variability in the reported incidence, likely due to variation in the population studied, and detection technique. The optimal testing method and sample are presently unclear. The effect of Chlamydia on male reproductive function is also variable in the literature, but appears to be relatively minimal and may be related primarily to sperm DNA fragmentation or female partner transmission. Conclusions. The prevalence of Chlamydia in the infertile male population is low and routine testing is not supported by the literature. For high-risk infertile men, nucleic acid testing of urine +/− semen is the most sensitive method to detect Chlamydia. A validated testing system for semen needs to be developed, so that a standardized methodology can be recommended. In this way the full implications of Chlamydia on male fertility can be elucidated.

Old genes and new genes: The evolution of the kallikrein locus

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (09) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Lundwall
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein ◽  
Mammalian Evolution ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
New Genes ◽  
The Brain

SummaryThe human kallikrein locus consists of KLK1, the gene of major tissue kallikrein, and 14 genes of kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) located in tandem on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4. In this review, based on information retrieved from the literature or extracted from genome databases, it is hypothesised that the kallikrein locus is unique to mammals. The majority of genes are highly conserved, as demonstrated by the identification of 11 KLK genes in the opossum, a metatherian species. In contrast, a sublocus, encompassing KLK1-4, has gone through major transformations that have generated new genes, which in most cases are closely related to KLK1. In the primate lineage, this process created KLK3, the gene of the prostate cancer marker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), whereas in the murine lineage it gave rise to 13 genes unique to the mouse and nine unique to the rat. The KLK proteases are effector molecules that emerged early in mammalian evolution and their importance in skin homeostasis and male reproductive function is undisputed and there are also accumulating evidence for a role of KLK proteases in the development of the brain. It is speculated that the KLK gene family arose as part of the process that generated distinguishing mammalian features, like skin with hair and sweat glands, and specialised anatomical attributes of the brain and the reproductive tract.

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