scholarly journals Comparison of Iodide, Iodate, and Iodine-Chitosan Complexes for the Biofortification of Lettuce

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2378
Author(s):  
Irma Esther Dávila Rangel ◽  
Libia Iris Trejo Téllez ◽  
Hortensia Ortega Ortiz ◽  
Antonio Juárez Maldonado ◽  
Susana González Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Iodine Complexes

Iodine is an essential trace nutrient for humans; its deficit can affect motor and cognitive development. Biofortifying crops with iodine is a way of promoting the adequate intake of this element. The uses of chitosan-iodine complexes for crop biofortification have not been previously studied. The present work evaluated the effects of KIO3 and KI salts, chitosan-KIO3 complex (Cs-KIO3), and chitosan-KI complex (Cs-KI) application on lettuce, with a chitosan-only treatment as a control and water as the absolute control. Each treatment involved the application of 0, 5, and 25 mg I kg−1 soil applied before transplanting or 25 mg I kg−1 soil applied as split doses of 12.5 mg kg−1, once immediately before transplanting and the second application 15 days later. Single application of Cs-KIO3 at 5 and 25 mg I kg−1 increased lettuce biomass while the split-dose application (SDA) of Cs-KI (25 mg I kg−1) led to a decrease in biomass. Maximum accumulation of iodine in lettuce was observed after the application of KIO3 (25 mg I kg−1) in two parts. This study shows that the use of chitosan complexes, especially Cs-KIO3, may be a viable alternative for crop biofortification with iodine without affecting crop yields.

The Georgics

1967 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Control

‘The best poem of the best poet’, said Dryden. And Spence (a generation or so later): ‘The most beautiful and most correct poem that ever was wrote in the Roman language.’ It is not hard to see why the Georgics had such a powerful appeal to the English Augustans, nor why the English Georgic became a poetic genre in its own right in the eighteenth century. The absolute control of the medium, the perfection of finish such as we do not find uniformly in the unrevised Aeneid, put it alongside Horace’s Odes as an example of artistic excellence of the highest degree. The elaborate diction, with its elevation of the ordinary and the common into ornate and cultivated paraphrase, naturally pleased those whose ears were attuned to listen for elegance, dignity, and propriety.

Growth and Yield of CO2-Enriched Wheat Under Water-Limited Conditions

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Four Levels

Wheat was grown at a density of 120 plants m-2 in deep pots of soil in two artificially illuminated growth cabinets. One cabinet was left at ambient CO2 levels and the other enriched by 250 volumes per million (vpm). Four levels of growth-restricting water supply were imposed. Responses by the two cultivars used (Gabo and WW15) did not differ appreciably in terms of the mature crop dry-weight parameters examined. Comparison of the crop responses to water supply indicated sufficient correspondence between generalized field behaviour and cabinet behaviour to justify tentative interpretation of the results in terms of possible response of water-limited field wheat crop yields to the globally rising level of atmospheric CO2. The less water made available to the crop the less was the absolute response of grain yield to CO2 enrichment, but the greater was the response relative to the control yield. Under extreme aridity (about 100-120 mm crop transpiration overall), the data implied infinite relative enhancement of yield due to CO2 enrichment, because it allowed some grain growth where none occurred without extra CO2. The absolute yield enhancement was equivalent to 5-13 kg ha-1 per 1.2 vpm increment of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The level of CO2 in the global atmosphere is currently rising by about 1.2 vpm year-1. The higher temperature at which the crops were grown (19°C), relative to average field conditions in many wheat areas, may influence this interpretation.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Catalysed Conversion of Atranol and Derivatives into Dimeric Hydrosoluble Materials: Application to the Preparation of a Low-Atranol Oakmoss Absolute

Cosmetics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Hélène Bouges ◽  
André Monchot ◽  
Sylvain Antoniotti
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Evernia Prunastri ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
The Absolute

Oakmoss absolute, a solvent extract from Evernia prunastri, is a valuable fragrance ingredient widely used in fine fragrance for almost two centuries. Some minor components of oakmoss absolute, such as atranol and chloroatranol, are attested contact allergens and their presence in fragrance and cosmetic products should be as low as possible. In this context, we have developed an enzyme-based protocol upon which these undesirable molecules are converted in a hydrosoluble dimeric material, and thus easily separated from the absolute by liquid–liquid extraction. Analytical and sensory analyses were performed to confirm the specificity of the process, the absence of alteration of the olfactory quality of the absolute, and the final titles of atranol and chloroatranol, which eventually were observed in the ppm range. This highly sustainable process is a viable alternative to conventional time-, energy-, and manpower-consuming techniques to produce very low-atranol oakmoss absolute.

Weed control in peanuts in north Queensland

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
D Hawton ◽  
IDG Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Foliar Damage

Experiments conducted over two seasons with Virginia Bunch peanuts on krasnozem soils in north Queensland showed that cultivation controlled weeds sufficiently to prevent significant reduction of crop value. In one of these experiments two cultivations made 2 and 5 weeks after sowing increased the percentage of edible kernel by a mean of 4.8%. A range of herbicides tested in conjunction with cultivation did not significantly increase crop yields or weed control over that obtained by cultivation. Most of the herbicide treatments had no adverse effects on crop yield although some foliar damage occurred on plants treated with vernolate, MCPB, 2,4-DB and dinoseb. Vernolate, incorporated before planting at 4.78 kg active ingredient ha-1 caused a reduction in yield of nut-in-shell and in crop value when compared with the hand weeded, cultivated control. In both experiments, uncontrolled weeds markedly reduced crop yields (by a mean of 69%) and their monetary value (by a mean of 68%). In a third experiment a single application of 2,4-DB plus dinbseb (0.5 kg acid equivalent ha-1 each) made 3 weeks after sowing, with or without multiple applications of 2,4-DB (0.5 kg acid equivalent ha-1) made at 6,9 and 12 weeks, did not significantly reduce crop yields or values, and increased the control of Hyptis suaveolens and other broad-leaved weeds when compared with a standard trifluralin-plus cultivation treatment.

scholarly journals Levels of Arthrobotrys spp. and a population of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

1969 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
José A. Chavarría ◽  
Nelia Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Control

An experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of Arthrobotrys spp. on Meloidogyne incognita in tomato cv. Duke. Three inoculum levels of Arthrobotrys, 5, 10 and 15 ml/ plant, and two controls were evaluated. The fungus suspension was added to the seedbed and to the soil 30 days before M. incognita inoculation, Arthrobotrys applied to the seedbed at a rate of 15 ml was the best treatment and showed a significant variation in most of the variables evaluated when compared to the M. incognita control and to the absolute control.

scholarly journals Effect of eugenol on hematological parameters in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Milanka Jezdimirovic ◽  
Nevenka Aleksic ◽  
Mirjana Milovanovic ◽  
Dragica Stojanovic ◽  
Nemanja Jezdimirovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Different Doses

Investigations covered the possible hematotoxic effect of eugenol in rats following two-week and four-week continuous p.o. application. An experiment was conducted on 72 maleWistar rats divided into six groups. Four groups were treated with different doses of eugenol (10 mg/kg bm/day, 50 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg bm/day), the control group was administered a vehiculum (0,5 % methylcellulose, 20 % propylene glycol and water), and the sixth group was the absolute untreated control. Eugenol and the vehiculum were administered using a gastric probe in a volume of 1 ml/100 g body mass of rat. Blood was sampled using cardiac puncture on days 14 and 28 of the experiment in order to determine hematological parameters (hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, MCV, haemoglobin concentration, MCH, number of leukocytes, leukocyte formula, and number of thrombocytes). The results have shown that eugenol administered over 14 and 28 days in doses of 10, 50, 200 i 400 mg/kg bm/day has no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, administered over four weeks, it does not significantly affect the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, erythrocyte volume, number of leukocytes, and the leukocyte formula. Applied over two weeks, eugenol causes a significant increase in the mass of haemoglobin per erythrocyte, in comparison with controls. This effect is non-specific and does not depend on the dose or on the duration of treatment. The eugenol doses of 10 and 200 mg/kg/day administered over a period of four weeks result in a statistically significant reduction in the number of thrombocytes in comparison with the absolute control, while the highest investigated dose (400 mg/kg) causes a significant increase in comparison with the numbers for rats treated with a dose of 10 and 200 mg/kg/day. The changes in thrombocyte number caused by eugenol are qualitatively different and depend neither on the dose nor on the duration of treatment. Eugenol applied over two or four weeks does not exhibit a significant influence on the number of lymphocytes, monocytes or granulocytes.

Short-Term Split Application Effects of Grass-Specific Herbicides on Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Under Field Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Time Period

Field experiments were conducted at the Lacombe Research Station from 1989 to 1991 to determine if short-term, split applications of grass-specific herbicides would improve quackgrass control relative to single applications. Quackgrass infested plots were planted to canola the first year and barley the following year. Glyphosate applied at 880 g/ha controlled quackgrass to a greater extent and for a longer time period than any of the grass-specific herbicides. In contrast to glyphosate, none of the grass-specific herbicides controlled quackgrass 1 yr after treatment. Quackgrass control with sethoxydim or fluazifop-P was usually similar when applied as single or short-term, split applications. In contrast, quizalofop often provided better quackgrass control and higher crop yields when short-term, split applications were compared to a single application with the same total amount of quizalofop. However, the extent of increased quackgrass control is difficult to justify due to increased application costs and inconvenience.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF AYURVEDIC DIET IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2428-2432
Author(s):  
Vikash Kumar Gujral ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Rai ◽  
Prem Prakash Vyas ◽  
Sonam Boyal
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Building Elements

Ayurveda is a science of life that focuses on promoting and maintaining people's health. Lifestyle and diet are key elements impacting an individual's health in this technological and competitive day. Diet and dietary habits play important role in the maintenance of health. Nutrition offers the building elements for the development of new dhatus. Dhatus are energy reservoirs that come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Dhatus are continually being bro- ken down to extract energy. So, replenishing good quality Dhatus is essential. For this, balanced foods are im- portant. In Ayurveda, eating foods are energizing the Mind. It's Sattvic, Rajasic or Tamasic gunas depend on the food we consume. Let my food be my medicine. Health depends solely on the food we intake. Strength, health, & life depend on Agni. But Agni is also constantly replenished from the nutrition. So, to maintain Sama Agni eating balanced foods are essential. Toddlers & Pre-schoolers need adequate intake to achieve full growth and develop-mental potential. Undernutrition impairs children’s cognitive development as well as their ability to explore their environments. Keywords: Aahar, Agni, Ayurveda, Dhatus, Growth, Nutrition,

scholarly journals Analysis on Improvement of Ownership Structure and Dividend—Take Apple as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Yuting Li
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Control Right ◽  
Dual Class ◽  
Share Structure ◽  
And Control ◽  
Absolute Control

Equal equity is not a suitable pathway to control the corporations. For Apple Company, due to Jobs’ equal equity, the most important reason that he quitted his company is that at the first step of the company, he had the same shares as other members of the board, but he did not have the absolute control of his company. Also, after the corporation was listed, the shares have been diluted gradually. Losing the control right, Jobs cannot make wise decisions or seek for strategic chances to make a huge profit, when members of the board held diverse opinions. Therefore dual-class share structure and ownership systems are the better choice for founders and entrepreneurs to operate and control the company. Managers have absolute control of the corporations so that they could make intellectual decisions without disturbance and intervention. Companies, accumulating a large amount of money, could pay dividends to shareholders and buy stocks.

scholarly journals Levels of Crotalaria juncea on growth, production, recovery and efficiency of the use of N in broccoli

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen R Diniz ◽  
Thiago O Vargas ◽  
Wander D Pereira ◽  
Ricardo HS Santos ◽  
Segundo Urquiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Physiological Efficiency ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Control

ABSTRACT The recommendation for green manure (GM) in cropping systems still has little scientific support, with few studies addressing the effects of nutrient amounts from green manure on the growth and production of the crop. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of levels of Crotalaria juncea green manure on the growth, production, and efficiency of the use as well as the apparent recovery of N in broccoli crop. Seven treatments were established; the main with four doses of green manure: 0, 3, 6, and 9 t/ha on a dry matter (DM) basis, applied with 12 t/ha compost. The control treatments consisted of mineral fertilization, the treatment with 25 t/ha compost, and another as the absolute control. Comparatively, production under the absolute control was less than all other treatments with green manure doses and application of 12 t/ha compost. The production of plants grown with 25 t/ha compost was superior to that of plants grown with dose of 0 t/ha and similar to that obtained with 3 t/ha; however, it was inferior to those produced with doses of 6 and 9 t/ha green manure. The highest percentage of N recovered (REC N) by the broccoli plants was observed close to a dose of 3 t/ha green manure, with a maximum point of 37.90% (2.8 t/ha), while in larger doses of 6 and 9 t/ha showed estimated values of 31.91% and 20.49%, respectively. The physiological efficiency of the use of N (EFUN) showed an effect similar to apparent recovery of N (REC N), with higher EFUN from lowest to highest dose of green manure, that is, 3, 6, and 9 t/ha, with estimated values of 70.41, 62.45, and 26.02 g DM per g of N uptake, respectively. The mass amounts of applied C. juncea influenced positively on the growth and productivity of broccoli. The lower mass of applied green manure increases the physiological efficiency of the use of N with more apparent recovery of the applied N.

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