Ultra-Strong Knits for Personal Protective Equipment

This work focused on the development of ultra-strong knitted fabrics for personal protective equipment used for protection against mechanical damages. Such knits have to have enhanced mechanical strength properties, which strongly depend on knitting pattern and structural characteristics. Six variants of weft knitted structures were developed and knitted from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and additional elastomeric component. The elastomeric component was used to increase the elasticity and toughness of knits; however, it had a high influence on mechanical properties, as well. The performed mechanical tests allowed us to identify dependence of mechanical properties, such as breaking force and elongation at break and resistance to abrasion, tearing, cutting and puncture, on architecture and structural parameters of the knits. Obtained results demonstrate that elastomeric component has high influence on mechanical properties knits and can change the principal mechanical behaviour of knits.

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Physico-Mechanical Performance Evaluation of Large Pore Synthetic Meshes with Different Textile Structures for Hernia Repair Applications

Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0011.5743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2(128)) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pengbi Liu ◽

Hong Shao ◽

Nanliang Chen ◽

Nanliang Cheng ◽

Jinhua Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Hernia Repair ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Open Loop ◽

Burst Strength ◽

Patch Application ◽

Large Pore ◽

Polypropylene Monofilament

This paper studied the relationship between the textile structure of warp knitted hernia repair meshes and their physico-mechanical properties to solve the problem of hernia patch application evaluation and clear the mechanism of hernia patch structure-performance for clinical application. Six different prototypes of large pore meshes were fabricated, including four kinds of meshes with different pore shapes: H (hexagonal), D (diamond), R (round) and P (pentagonal); and two kinds of meshes with inlays: HL (hexagonal with inlays) and DL (diamond with inlays), using the same medical grade polypropylene monofilament. All meshes were designed with the same walewise density and coursewise density. Then the influence of other structural parameters on the physico-mechanical properties of the meshes was analysed. The physico-mechanical properties of these meshes tested meet the requirements of hernia repair, except mesh DL, whose tear resistance strength (12.93 ± 2.44 N in the transverse direction) was not enough. Mesh R and P demonstrated less anisotropy, and they exhibited similar physico-mechanical properties. These four kinds of meshes without inlays demonstrated similar ball burst strength properties, but mesh HL and DL exhibited better ball burst strength than the others. All in all, uniform structures are expected to result in less anisotropy, and meshes with inlays, to some extent, possess higher mechanical properties. And the ratio of open loop number to closed loop number in a repetition of weave of fabric has marked effect on the physico-mechanical properties. Thus we can meet the demands of specific patients and particular repair sites by designing various meshes with appropriate textile structures.

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Ferritic and Austenitic Steel Joints with an Intermediate Inconel-182 Buttering Layer

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.449 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 83-86 ◽

pp. 449-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.M. Shariatpanahi ◽

Hassan Farhangi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fusion Zone ◽

Ferritic Steel ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Dissimilar Weld ◽

Weld Joints ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽

316L Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽

Dilution Effects

In this study, microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints between 2.25Cr-1Mo ferritic steel and 316L austenitic stainless steel, with and without an Inconel-182 buttering layer, have been investigated. The buttering layer widths produced on the machined edges of the ferritic steel plate were 3 and 5 mm. The dissimilar weld joints were butt-welded using a SMAW process with Inconel-182 electrodes. The results indicate that the ferritic base metal dilution effects are minimized due to buttering and a more uniform distribution of Fe, Ni, Cr and Nb contents is established over a broad region within the fusion zone. Moreover, a microstructure consisting of combined columnar and equiaxed dendrite with interdendritic Nb-rich particles is developed within the fusion zone as a result of buttering. Mechanical tests show that the average hardness, tensile ductility and impact energy of the weld metal were enhanced with increasing width of the buttering, while tensile strength properties were unaffected. It is observed that fracture surfaces of tensile specimens exhibit ductile features composed of ductile tear ridges with numerous interspersed dimples. However, the dominant fracture mode is noted to change from interdendritic to transdendritic with the use of a buttering layer.

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Physico-mechanical properties of cattle hide leather for working gloves with flame retardant addition

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v18i2.42937 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Iwan Fajar Pahlawan ◽

Gresy Griyanitasari

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Metal Casting ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Finishing Process ◽

Casting Industry

Objective: Indonesian metal casting industry is a labor-oriented industry which involves thermal application in the workplace. Thus, it is essential to protect the workers for any risks during their activity. Leather gloves, as personal protective equipment, need to be manufactured that can prevent the workers from burn injured. The study aimed to analyze the effect of flame retardant addition on finished leather’s physical and mechanical properties for a specific article, i.e. working gloves.Methods: The research used pickled cattle hides and commercial flame retardant as main materials. The leather chemicals used in the process are those which is commonly used to manufacture working gloves leather article. The treatments involved the addition of commercial flame retardant in fatliquoring (2%, 4%, 6% w/w) and finishing process (100 parts, 200 parts, 300 parts). The effect of flame retardant addition on shrinkage percentage, thickness, rub fastness, tensile strength, and elongation at break, were evaluated. Descriptive analysis is applied to describe the properties of the resulted finished leather.Results: The result shows that the addition of flame retardant in fatliquoring and finishing process indicates a variation in the leather’s physical-mechanical properties. The leather, manufactured with the addition of 4% (w/w) in fatliquoring, shrunk 7.65±1.42%, had tensile strength value at 520.48±13.79 kg/cm2, good rub fastness at dry and wet basis (5 and 4/5), elongation value at 52.9±4.09%, and thickness 0.87±0.02 mm.Conclusions: it can be concluded that the use of 4% (w/w) flame retardant in fatliquoring is suggested to be the best formulation to produce working gloves leather.

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Effects of Compatibilization on Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Powder Filled High Density Polyethylene

International Journal of Engineering and Technologies ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.10.22 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Innocent Ochiagha Eze ◽

Isaac O. Igwe ◽

Okoro Ogbobe ◽

Henry C. Obasi ◽

U. Luvia Ezeamaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Filler Content ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Fibre Surface ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

High Density ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Leaf Powder

The effects of compatibilizer (maleic anhydride-graft-polyethylene) on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf powder (PALP) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were studied. HDPE and PALP composites in the presence, or absence of the compatibilizer, maleic anhydride -graft- polyethylene (MA-g-PE) were prepared by injection moulding technique. The filler (PALP) contents investigated were 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt%, while the MA-g-PE content was 3 wt% of the filler content for each formulation. The result of the mechanical tests carried out on the HDPE/PALP composites showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, abrasion resistance, and hardness of the composites increased as the filler content increases both in the presence, or absence of the compatibilizer (MA-g-PE) for all the filler contents investigated, while the elongation at break (EB) for PALP/HDPE composites was found to decrease as the filler content increases both in the presence, or absence of MA-g-PE for all the filler contents investigated. It was also observed that PALP/HDPE composites in the presence of MA-g-PE exhibited better mechanical properties than that of PALP/HDPE composites in the absence of MA-g-PE for all the filler contents investigated. The present study has proved that the mechanical properties of PALP/HDPE composites can be enhanced by incorporating a compatibilizer (MA-g-PE) into their formulations. This is so because the chemical composition of the compatibilizer (MA-g-PE) allows it to react with the fibre surface, thereby forming a bridge of chemical bonds between the fibre and matrix.

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Mechanical properties of polymeric biomaterials: Modified ePTFE using gamma irradiation

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1216-1224

Author(s):

Nur Ain Mohd Radzali ◽

Norsyahidah Mohd Hidzir ◽

Irman Abdul Rahman ◽

Abdul Khaliq Mokhtar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Contact Angle Measurement ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Angle Measurement ◽

Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Polymeric Biomaterials ◽

Modification Process

Abstract Evaluating the mechanical properties of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is essential to measure its resistance to permanent deformation from an applied force. These mechanical ePTFE properties must be comparable to the properties of real tissue. Various hydrophilic comonomers 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM), and N-vinylcaprolactam were used individually for copolymerization with acrylic acid (AA) to be grafted onto ePTFE using the gamma irradiation-induced grafting method. After surface modification, the hydrophobic and mechanical properties of ePTFE were altered. The water uptake and contact angle measurement showed that the modified ePTFE was less hydrophobic (∼500%, θ < 90°) than the unmodified ePTFE (0%, θ = 140°). Moreover, the mechanical properties of ePTFE changed after the modification process due to the polymer grafted onto the ePTFE surface. The data from mechanical tests, such as Young’s modulus (74–121 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (5–9 MPa), and elongation at break (56–121%), obtained for the sample AA-co-HEMA and AA-co-NIPAAM remain within the ranges and are considered desirable for use as a biomaterial. The mechanical strength correlates well with the percentage of the grafting yield after the modification process and is dependent on the parameters used, such as irradiation dose and type of comonomer.

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Modified Polymer Materials for Use in Selected Personal Protective Equipment Products

Autex Research Journal ◽

10.1515/aut-2015-0040 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 35-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emilia Irzmańska ◽

Agnieszka Brochocka

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Moisture Sorption ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Textile Composites ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Modified Polymer ◽

Particle Penetration ◽

Bioactive Composites ◽

Bactericidal Agent

Abstract The paper discusses the methods of modification of melt-blown polymer materials by the addition of a bactericidal agent or superabsorbent directly to the fibre-forming area during the melt-blown production process. It also presents tests of textile composites designed for use in selected types of personal protective equipment worn in the workplace. One example of the application of textile composites is the protective footwear insole. The insole composites contain specially developed variants of melt-blown nonwovens made from PP, PC, and PA fibres. Microbiological, hygienic, and mechanical tests have shown that the optimum insoles for all-rubber protective footwear are those made of bioactive composites containing a PC melt-blown nonwoven. Another example of composite application is the air-purifying half mask. Filter composites contain polymer nonwovens with the addition of different quantities of a superabsorbent. They have been tested for particle penetration, airflow resistance, and moisture sorption.

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Study on Properties of Blended Fabrics Containing Phenolic Fiber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.242 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 709 ◽

pp. 242-245

Author(s):

Zheng Qin Liu ◽

Wei Guo Liu ◽

Xiu Li Qiu ◽

Yu Qing Zhang ◽

Fan Dong Kong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Abrasion Resistance ◽

Protective Clothing ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Blended Yarn ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

Phenolic fiber is a new fiber and has excellent flame retardant properties. In order to investigate the textile possibility of phenolic fiber and to develop protective clothing and decorative fabrics containing phenolic fiber, the mechanical properties of phenolic fiber were studied firstly, then the polyester fiber was chosen to blend with different portion of phenolic fiber to enhance the strength of the blended yarn and finally the fabrics were knitted with different blended yarns. The strength and wear resistance of different blending ratio of phenolic/polyester blended yarn, and the bursting strength, abrasion resistance and flame retardant properties of the blended fabrics were analyzed and compared. The experimental results shows that the breaking tenacity and elongation at break are low, only 1.3 cN/dtex and 9.4%, respectively, which is not suitable for 100% phenolic fiber to be processed in yarn. The strength and wear resistance of the phenolic/polyester blend yarns and their knitted fabrics increase while the contents of polyester are increased. The flame retardant of phenolic/polyester blend fabrics is improved greatly due to phenolic fiber. Therefore, it is necessary for phenolic fiber to modify its strength and extension in order to be able to get the 100% phenolic yarn and products and in order to give full play to the excellent characteristics of the phenolic fiber.

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Prediction of Certain Low Stress Mechanical Properties of Knitted Fabrics from Their Structural Parameters

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892501501000202 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 155892501501000

Author(s):

R. Varadaraju ◽

J. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Tensile Elongation ◽

Shear Rigidity ◽

Bending Rigidity ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

Spun Yarn ◽

Ring Spun Yarn ◽

Low Stress Mechanical Properties ◽

Fabric Shear

Knitted fabrics are preferred as clothing materials because of of their outstanding comfort quality. 16 plain knitted fabric samples were produced from 4 combed ring spun yarn of linear densities 29.5 Tex, 23.6, Tex 19.7 Tex and 17.4 Tex and 4 different stitch lengths from each yarn linear density were selected for this study. The fabric samples were relaxed and then tested for tensile shear and bending properties using Kawabata tester's. KES- FB1and KES- FB2. The effect of various fabric structural parameters on fabric low stress mechanical properties was studied. The fabric shear rigidity, bending rigidity, shear hysteresis, bending hysteresis, and tensile linearity were positively correlated with the fabric GSM, thickness, and tightness factor and negatively correlated with fabric linear Stitch modulus, areal stitch modulus, volume stitch modulus, and porosity. The fabric tensile elongation was positively correlated with the fabric linear stitch modulus, areal stitch modulus, volume Stitch modulus, and porosity and negatively correlated with the fabric GSM, thickness, and fabric tightness factor. The above properties were higher in course direction than in wale direction. Separate prediction equations were developed for fabric low stress mechanical properties from Tightness factor, Volume Stitch modulus, and Porosity

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Physico-Mechanical Properties of Banana Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite as an Alternative Building Material

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 650 ◽

pp. 131-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Himadri Das ◽

Pallav Saikia ◽

Dipul Kalita

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Banana Fiber ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Ldpe Composites

Utilization of natural fiber as reinforcing material is the latest trend in polymer science to produce higher strength with lower weight composite materials having wide range of applications. As a natural fiber, banana fiber is getting importance in recent years in the reinforcement arena of polymer composite. Two species of banana vizMusa sapientumandMusa paradisicaavailable in North East India were selected considering their higher fiber yield and adequate strength properties of the fibers. The chemical compositions, spectroscopic and thermal properties of these fibers were studied in order to study their suitability for commercial exploration. Low density polyethylene (LDPE)-banana fiber reinforced composites were prepared using hydraulic hot press. Physico-mechanical properties (e.g. tensile strength, flexural strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus) of the prepared composites were determined. The tensile strengths and flexural strengths of the composites increased while using LDPE 10 to 30 % of the fiber and then started to decrease gradually. Young moduli of the composites increased with the increase of fiber mass. Water absorption also increased accordingly with the increase of the fiber weight. The elongation at break decreased with increasing fiber quantity. The mechanical strength properties of chemically treated banana fiber-LDPE composites were slightly higher than the mechanically extracted fiber-LDPE composites. Structural analyses of the treated fibers were carried out by FTIR and XRD. These studied revealed due to the removal of noncellulosic constituents such as hemicelluloses and lignin the crystalline properties of the fibers were increased. All the properties of composite like tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption capacity etc. plays a significant role in these polymer composite materials. Hence it can be concluded that banana fiber can be used as reinforced agent successfully in the composite industry as a sustainable building material.

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Influence of Structural Parameters of Nonwoven Geotextiles on Separation and Filtration in Road Construction

Autex Research Journal ◽

10.2478/aut-2019-0038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 449-460

Author(s):

Špela Bezgovšek ◽

Dunja Šajn Gorjanc ◽

Boštjan Pulko ◽

Stanislav Lenart

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Structural Properties ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Road Construction ◽

Knitted Fabrics ◽

Compression Creep ◽

Filtration Properties ◽

Mechanical Bonding ◽

Bonding Technique

AbstractNonwoven geotextiles are often used in road construction as a separation layer. They consist of the web of fibers with different orientations. The orientation of fibers has an important influence on physical and mechanical properties of nonwoven geotextiles. The production of nonwoven geotextiles is cheaper in comparison to woven or knitted fabrics which can also be used as separation geotextiles. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of structural properties of nonwoven geotextiles, namely the diameter of fibers and mass and thickness of nonwoven geotextiles, on their mechanical and hydraulic properties. Six types of nonwoven geotextiles were used in the research. They were produced by the drylaid process (carded) using mechanical bonding technique and also with the combination of mechanical and thermal bonding technique. The research confirmed that the bonding technique and structural properties significantly influence the separation and filtration properties of nonwoven geotextiles, such as opening size and water permeability. It was also found that there are no significant differences in mechanical properties, such as viscoelastic properties and compression creep, between the samples in the dry and wet conditions.

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