scholarly journals Collagen-Based Bioactive Bromelain Hydrolysate from Salt-Cured Cod Skin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8538
Author(s):  
Ezequiel R. Coscueta ◽  
María Emilia Brassesco ◽  
Manuela Pintado
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
By Products

Considerable amounts of fish processing by-products are discarded each year. About 30% of this material may be skin and bone. Fish skin has more than 80% of its total protein content as collagen. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing demand for collagen-based peptides due to their beneficial health effects. So, the objective of the present study was to optimise the obtaining bioactive hydrolysates from salt-cured cod skin using the protease Bromelain at 0.5% (w/w) concentration. This study developed a sustainable process that consumes less time and energy and uses an alternative source as raw material. In addition, bromelain allows hydrolysates with important antioxidant (ORAC, 514 μmol Trolox Equivalent/g protein) and antihypertensive activities (inhibition of ACE, IC50 of 166 μg protein/mL) as well as excellent biocompatibility with dermal and subcutaneous cells.

scholarly journals Production of calcium preparations by technology of saltwater fish by product processing

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Bubel ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Piotr Jan Bykowski ◽  
Katarzyna Chojnacka ◽  
Sebastian Opaliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
By Products ◽  
Baltic Cod

AbstractThe paper presents the technology of processing Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) backbones – by-products from fish processing – for the production of calcium preparations. The raw material for the process consisted of backbones with remaining muscle tissue, devoid of heads and fins (30 kg of each type of backbones). The processing included the following stages: cutting, preliminary processing in an alkaline environment (soaking in 2 M NaOH), processing with 0.1% citric acid, aroma removal and material disinfection (5% H2O2), rinsing with tap water, drying, and grinding the end-product. Calcium preparations from cod (BCP) and salmon (ASP) in the amounts of 1.20 kg and 1.62 kg, respectively, characterized by high calcium content (27.79% in BCP, and 24.92% in ASP) and low protein and fat content (14.20% and 0.25% for BCP, and 10.78% and 0.12% for ASP, respectively) were obtained. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of this technology for production of calcium preparations from fish backbones.

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Characterization of Protein Hydrolysates from Freshwater Fish Waste

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Agnes Toma ◽  
Lucia Moldovan ◽  
Anca Oancea ◽  
Angela Moraru ◽  
Teodora Ciucan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Fish Skin ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
By Products

Freshwater fish skin and bones are usually by-products of the fish processing industry. [...]

scholarly journals Separation and Enrichment of Omega 3, 6, and 9 Fatty Acids from the By-Products of Vietnamese Basa Fish Processing using Deep Eutectic Solvent

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thanh Xuan Le Thi ◽  
Hoai Lam Tran ◽  
Thanh Son Cu ◽  
Son Lam Ho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
By Products ◽  
C Nmr

Omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids were separated and enriched successfully from the by-products of Vietnamese Basa fish processing by the deep eutectic solvent. The total amounts of omega fatty acids were about 57% in the raw material, and they were amounted to 91% after the first separation by DES. The optimal mass ratio is 20 g methyl ester with 200 g methanol and 15–20 g DES. Moreover, the ionic liquid-DES was successfully synthesized with the molar ratio of choline chloride/urea of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1. The characteristics of DES were determined and demonstrated by FTIR, TGA, DSC, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR analysis methods.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Use of Peptones from Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Pangas Catfish (Pangasius pangasius) Heads as Bacterial Growth Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Dwi Setijawati ◽  
Abdul Aziz Jaziri ◽  
Hefti Salis Yufidasari ◽  
Mohammad Dwi Pratomo ◽  
Dian Wahyu Wardani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Important Species ◽  
By Products

Peptone is a hydrolysate product rich in amino acids, and it is uncoagulated at high temperature. Commercial peptone produced from land animals cannot be declared as acceptable in terms of lawfulness due to religious concerns. Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and pangas catfish (Pangasius pangasius) are important species for the fish processing industry in Indonesia. The filleting process resulted in value by-products. The fish head as the by-products can be utilized as a main raw material for higher economic value products, such as peptone. The aim of this study was to characterize peptones extracted from the heads of catfish and pangas catfish with different acid conditions. The characteristics of chemical composition, yield, color parameter, solubility, amino acid content, bacterial growth rate and biomass production were observed. The catfish peptone (CFP) and pangas catfish peptone (PCP) obtained with different acid conditions showed high protein content in the range of 84.35% to 90.80% (P<0.05). The yields of CFP and PCP were significantly different (P<0.05) and varied between 4.75% and 5.66%. The solubility of treated peptones varied between 98.03% and 99.52%, and the peptones were rich in glycine, glutamic acid, proline and leucine. Bacterial growth test showed that both CFP and PCP had better growth rates compared to the commercial peptone tested in this study. In addition, the biomass production with peptone from catfish and pangas catfish was higher than that with the commercial product (P<0.05). This research proposed that catfish and pangas catfish heads could be developed as an alternative source for peptone production.

scholarly journals Effect of the Rearing Substrate on Total Protein and Amino Acid Composition in Black Soldier Fly

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1773
Author(s):  
Andrea Fuso ◽  
Silvia Barbi ◽  
Laura Ioana Macavei ◽  
Anna Valentina Luparelli ◽  
Lara Maistrello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
By Products

Insects are becoming increasingly relevant as protein sources in food and feed. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is one of the most utilized, thanks to its ability to live on many leftovers. Vegetable processing industries produce huge amounts of by-products, and it is important to efficiently rear BSF on different substrates to assure an economical advantage in bioconversion and to overcome the seasonality of some leftovers. This work evaluated how different substrates affect the protein and amino acid content of BSF. BSF prepupae reared on different substrates showed total protein content varying between 35% and 49% on dry matter. Significant lower protein contents were detected in BSF grown on fruit by-products, while higher contents were observed when autumnal leftovers were employed. BSF protein content was mainly correlated to fibre and protein content in the diet. Among amino acids, lysine, valine and leucine were most affected by the diet. Essential amino acids satisfied the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) requirements for human nutrition, except for lysine in few cases. BSF could be a flexible tool to bio-convert a wide range of vegetable by-products of different seasonality in a high-quality protein-rich biomass, even if significant differences in the protein fraction were observed according to the rearing substrate.

scholarly journals Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipids and Their Relationship with Plasma Lipids in Healthy Humans

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Kosuke Saito ◽  
Kotaro Hattori ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
Daimei Sasayama ◽  
Tomoko Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Healthy Humans

Lipidomics provides an overview of lipid profiles in biological systems. Although blood is commonly used for lipid profiling, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is more suitable for exploring lipid homeostasis in brain diseases. However, whether an individual’s background affects the CSF lipid profile remains unclear, and the association between CSF and plasma lipid profiles in heathy individuals has not yet been defined. Herein, lipidomics approaches were employed to analyze CSF and plasma samples obtained from 114 healthy Japanese subjects. Results showed that the global lipid profiles differed significantly between CSF and plasma, with only 13 of 114 lipids found to be significantly correlated between the two matrices. Additionally, the CSF total protein content was the primary factor associated with CSF lipids. In the CSF, the levels of major lipids, namely, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesterolesters, correlated with CSF total protein levels. These findings indicate that CSF lipidomics can be applied to explore changes in lipid homeostasis in patients with brain diseases.

scholarly journals Polyphenols From Vitis vinifera Lambrusco By-Products (Leaves From Pruning): Extraction Parameters Evaluation Through Design of Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Tacchini ◽  
Ilaria Burlini ◽  
Immacolata Maresca ◽  
Alessandro Grandini ◽  
Tatiana Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
By Products

Vitis vinifera L. leaves from pruning are by-products of the wine industry and represent an important source of secondary raw material, thanks to their polyphenols content. Optimization of the extraction processes is a key factor for their valorization, and Design of Experiment (DOE) could be a tool to obtain the most performing extract in terms of polyphenols quality/quantity and bioactivity. Vitis vinifera Lambrusco leaves were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extractions guided by a 23 factorial design. Three independent parameters (% solvent, time of extraction, and solvent:solid ratio) were considered to evaluate the extraction process by analyzing the extraction yield, the total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and the antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay). Moreover, the content of the main molecules was identified and quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and mass spectrometry. The DOE highlighted the best extraction conditions that showed slight changes considering the different evaluating parameters. The highest extraction yield was obtained by extraction with 100% water, 60 minutes of extraction time, and 30:1 solvent:solid ratio, but it was neither the richest in polyphenols nor antioxidant capacity. The latter 2 characteristics were associated with the extraction performed using 50% ethanol, 35 minutes of extraction time, and a 20:1 solvent:solid ratio. That extract also exhibited the highest quantity of flavonols.

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

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