scholarly journals Effects of Piper sarmentosum on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Complications: A Review of Preclinical Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9860
Author(s):  
Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku ◽  
Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by South East Asians. It demonstrates promising properties against various non-communicable diseases and infectious agents due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Given that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its principal components (central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia), PS could manage MetS and its complications. This review summarises the available literature on the effects of PS on principal components of MetS and their complications. The accumulated evidence suggests that PS prevented adiposity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia in preclinical studies mainly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also protected against MetS-associated cardiovascular complications. This review has identified research gaps in this field and suggested future studies to guide interested researchers to explore further or affirm the therapeutic potential of PS. One of the most significant challenges to the medical use of PS is the absence of randomised controlled trials in humans. This study gap must be bridged before PS supplementation could be used to manage MetS in humans.

Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with Klinefelter’s Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5556-5563
Author(s):  
Franz Sesti ◽  
Riccardo Pofi ◽  
Carlotta Pozza ◽  
Marianna Minnetti ◽  
Daniele Gianfrilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chromosome Disorder

More than 70 years have passed since the first description of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS), the most frequent chromosome disorder causing male infertility and hypogonadism. KS is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality due to several comorbidities, including hypogonadism, as well as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, which are highly prevalent in these patients. Aside from metabolic disturbances, patients with KS suffer from both acquired and congenital CV abnormalities, cerebrovascular thromboembolic disease, subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, which may all contribute to increased CV mortality. The mechanisms involved in this increased risk of CV morbidity and mortality are not entirely understood. More research is needed to better characterise the CV manifestations, elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and define the contribution of testosterone replacement to restoring CV health in KS patients. This review explores the complex association between KS, metabolic syndrome and CV risk in order to plan future studies and improve strategies to reduce mortality in this high-risk population.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Hispidin—Fungal and Plant Polyketide

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Kseniia A. Palkina ◽  
Daria A. Ipatova ◽  
Ekaterina S. Shakhova ◽  
Anastasia V. Balakireva ◽  
Nadezhda M. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Fungal Metabolite ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Secondary Plant

There is a large number of bioactive polyketides well-known for their anticancer, antibiotic, cholesterol-lowering, and other therapeutic functions, and hispidin is among them. It is a highly abundant secondary plant and fungal metabolite, which is investigated in research devoted to cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and viral diseases. This review summarizes over 20 years of hispidin studies of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antiviral, and anti-cancer cell activity.

Can Wogonin be Used in Controlling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 2171-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

<P>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is now a well-known factor which initiates many metabolic derangements in various tissues and organs including liver, muscle, pancreas, adipose tissue, cardiovascular and nervous system. Cardiovascular complications are the most crucial , and their effects are so intensive that their derangement leads to cardiac failure even in the absence of ischemic heart diseases. This entity of cardiac pathology in DM is often regarded as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Recently, many plant-derived drugs have been tested to control and alleviate DCM. Wogonin is one of the drugs the characteristics of which have been deeply studied. Wogonin is a flavonoid having yellow color pigment in their leaves and is obtained from the roots of plant Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi. Wogonin has long been used as an active anti-cancer drug in Chinese medicine practice. In recent past wogonin has shown to possess notable anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties. Wogonin has demonstrated to possess anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and also anti-thrombotic properties. </P><P> Wogonin has shown to alleviate apoptosis, and ER stress in the cells and this property can also be used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Notably, wogonin has been documented to have an extensive margin of safety as well as displays little or no organ toxicity following extended intravenous administration. In this review, we discuss recently discovered therapeutic potential of wogonin in the treatment of DCM.</P>

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Brazilian Cerrado Campomanesia Species on Metabolic Dysfunctions

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cardozo ◽  
Aline Inada ◽  
Gabriela Marcelino ◽  
Priscila Figueiredo ◽  
Daniela Arakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antiplatelet Agent ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Obesity, in conjunction with other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a feature of metabolic syndrome which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant foods are proposed to prevent and treat these disorders. Medicinal plants are one of the main strategies in this regard. Guavira, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, contains different bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and without clinical or reproductive toxicity effects. Though there are different varieties of guavira, the principal Brazilian Cerrado guaviras demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic actions. There is also a potential antiplatelet agent in C. xanthocarpa, while C. adamantium displayed hypocholesterolemic actions in animal models and human clinical trials. On the other hand, even with a lack of studies related to C. pubescens, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and an antioxidant capacity in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that most of the studies were not performed to evaluate pathological conditions specific to obese animal models or obese subjects, guavira demonstrated effects in metabolic disorders that are commonly related to the obesity context, such as cardiovascular disturbances and hyperglycemia status. This suggests that guavira is a potential therapeutic approach to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome.

Effects of anti-inflammatory treatment on fibroblast growth factor-21 in obesity and metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahim Ebrahimi ◽  
Sandrine Urwyler ◽  
Matthias Betz ◽  
Emanuel Christ ◽  
Philipp Schuetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The Need to Consider Context in the Evaluation of Anti-infectious and Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin A and its Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Xavier-Elsas ◽  
Bruno M. Vieira ◽  
Daniela Masid-de-Brito ◽  
Monica G. Barradas ◽  
Maria I.C. Gaspar-Elsas
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
General Role ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Gut Mucosa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Vitamin A and its derivatives (retinoids) act as potent regulators in many aspects of mammalian reproduction, development, repair, and maintenance of differentiated tissue functioning. Unlike other vitamins, Vitamin A and retinoids, which have hormonal actions, present significant toxicity, which plays roles in clinically relevant situations, such as hypervitaminosis A and retinoic acid (&quot;differentiation&quot;) syndrome. Although clinical presentation is conspicuous in states of insufficient or excessive Vitamin A and retinoid concentration, equally relevant effects on host resistance to specific infectious agents, and in the general maintenance of immune homeostasis, may go unnoticed, because their expression requires either pathogen exposure or the presence of inflammatory co-morbidities. There is a vast literature on the roles played by retinoids in the maintenance of a tolerogenic, noninflammatory environment in the gut mucosa, which is considered by many investigators representative of a general role played by retinoids as anti-inflammatory hormones elsewhere. However, in the gut mucosa itself, as well as in the bone marrow and inflammatory sites, context determines whether one observes an anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory action of retinoids. Both interactions between specialized cell populations, and interactions between retinoids and other classes of mediators/regulators, such as cytokines and glucocorticoid hormones, must be considered as important factors contributing to this overall context. We review evidence from recent studies on mucosal immunity, granulocyte biology and respiratory allergy models, highlighting the relevance of these variables as well as their possible contributions to the observed outcomes.

Depression in Dementia or Dementia in Depression? Systematic Review of Studies and Hypotheses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Brzezińska ◽  
Julius Bourke ◽  
Rayito Rivera-Hernández ◽  
Magda Tsolaki ◽  
Joanna Woźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The majority of research works to date suggest that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a risk factor for dementia and may predispose to cognitive decline in both early and late onset variants. The presence of depression may not, however, reflect the cause, rather, an effect: it may be a response to cognitive impairment or alters the threshold at which cognitive impairment might manifest or be detected. An alternative hypothesis is that depression may be part of a prodrome to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), suggesting a neurobiological association rather than one of psychological response alone. Genetic polymorphisms may explain some of the variances in shared phenomenology between the diagnoses, the instance, when the conditions arise comorbidly, the order in which they are detected that may depend on individual cognitive and physical reserves, as well as the medical history and individual vulnerability. This hypothesis is biologically sound but has not been systematically investigated to date. The current review highlights how genetic variations are involved in the development of both AD and MDD, and the risk conferred by these variations on the expression of these two disorders comorbidly is an important consideration for future studies of pathoaetiological mechanisms and in the stratification of study samples for randomised controlled trials.

scholarly journals Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3671
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ulanowska ◽  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Concentrations

Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has long been used in various areas, such as cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacology. However, high concentrations can be toxic. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight is regarded as safe. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the activities and application of eugenol and its derivatives and recent research of these compounds. This review is based on information concerning eugenol characteristics and recent research from articles in PubMed. Eugenol remains of great interest to researchers, since its multidirectional action allows it to be a potential component of drugs and other products with therapeutic potential against a range of diseases.

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