scholarly journals Dairy Waste and Potential of Small-Scale Biogas Digester for Rural Energy in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10671
Author(s):  
Prachi Pandey ◽  
Aditya Pandey ◽  
Long Yan ◽  
Dengshan Wang ◽  
Vinay Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biogas Technology

In order to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, related global warming and dependency on fossil fuels, it is crucial to promote the uses of renewable energy, and conversion of biomass and organic waste into energy sources. In many parts of the world, a substantial increase in efforts for the conversion of waste into energy is currently being observed. Specifically, biogas technology has been emphasized for the conversion of animal waste into biomethane/biogas because livestock waste is considered to be a substantial source of ambient greenhouse gases, causing climate change. While biogas technology, an anerobic process to convert livestock waste into biogas, is promoted in both developed and developing countries, this review article is focused on improving our existing understanding of small-scale biogas technology and relevance of this technology in rural environment of India. A thorough review research has been performed to gather the information on livestock population, manure production, and potential of biogas technology in India to provide a wholistic information. A summary of the financial supports facilitated by various agencies, the cost of biogas plants, potential uses, and potential challenges in the dissemination of biogas technology in India has been discussed in this study. We anticipate that the data and interpretation provided here will help in understanding the scope of biogas technology in India and will help in formulating the policies which will support the implementation of biogas technologies in developing countries.

scholarly journals Small-scale anaerobic digesters in Vietnam – development and challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Biogas Technology

Small-scale anaerobic digesters, known as biogas plants, were applied as an optimal livestock waste treatment as well as biogas supply for cooking and lighting demand for small-scale farmers in Vietnam. Although the biogas technology was introduced for nearly 30 years, the number of the constructed biogas plants is still limited. The current development of biogas plants is far below the real demand on livestock waste treatment that has increased significantly. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the biogas plant development in Vietnam and attempts to address the challenges and discuss appropriate solutions for the further biogas development. Mô hìnhlên men yếm khíquy mô nhỏ (được biếtvới tên hầm ủ khí sinh học) đã được ứng dụng hiệu quả trongxử lý chất thải chăn nuôicũng nhưcung cấpnguồn nhiên liệu phục vụ nhu cầu nấu ănvàthắp sáng cho các hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ ở Việt Nam. Mặc dù đã hiện diện gần 30 năm, nhưng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinhhọc vẫn còn hạn chế. Sự gia tăng số lượnghầm ủ khí sinh học chưa theo kịp với nhu cầu về xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi đang ngày càng gia tăng. Bài báo trình bày các chặng đường phát triển của hầm ủ khí sinh học tại Việt Nam, ghi nhận các thách thức trong việcnhân rộng hầm ủ khí sinh họctrong thực tế và thảo luận một sốgiải pháp để phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học.

scholarly journals Environmental and economic potential of rice husk use in An Giang province, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Thi Mai Thao Pham
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
The Cost

To evaluate CO2 emission mitigation potential and cost effectiveness of rice husk utilization, Life Cycle Analysis was conducted for 9 scenarios. The results showed that, gasification is the most efficient CO2 mitigation. From cost analysis, the cost mitigation can be achieved by replacing the current fossil fuels in cooking scenarios. Among the power generation scenarios, it was found that 30MW combustion and 5MW gasification power generations were the most economically-efficient scenarios. The briquette combustion power generation appeared less cost-competitive than direct combustion, whilst the large-scale gasification scenarios and the pyrolysis scenarios give the increase in cost from the baseline. From the viewpoints of both CO2 and cost, it was indicated that the win-win scenarios can be the rice husk use for cooking, for large-scale combustion power generation, and for small-scale gasification. Để đánh giá tiềm năng giảm thiểu phát thải CO2 và hiệu quả chi phí của việc sử dụng trấu, phương pháp đánh giá vòng đời sản phẩm đã được thực hiện cho 9 kịch bản. Kết quả cho thấy, khí hóa trấu để sản xuất điện có tiềm năng giảm phát sinh khí CO2 nhiều nhất. Kết quả phân tích chi phí cho thấy việc giảm thiểu chi phí có thể đạt được khi thay thế sử dụng nhiên liệu hóa thạch trong kịch bản dùng trấu cho nấu ăn. Giữa các kịch bản về sản xuất điện, hiệu quả kinh tế cao nhất trong trường hợp đốt trực tiếp trấu để sản xuất điện ở quy mô công xuất lớn (30MW) và khí hóa ở quy mô trung bình (5MW). Trường hợp dùng củi trấu không mang lại hiệu quả kinh tế so với dùng trực tiếp trấu để phát điện. Hai trường hợp dùng trấu để sản xuất dầu sinh học và khí hóa gas công suất lớn (30MW) cho thấy chi phí tăng cao so với điều kiện biên. Kịch bản cho kết quả khả thi về hiệu quả kinh tế và giảm phát thải CO2 là dùng trấu để nấu ăn, đốt trực tiếp để phát điện công suất lớn và khí hóa công suất trung bình.

Rural Energy in Kenya: Is There a Future for Biogas? A Survey

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justas K. Laichena
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Rural Energy ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Biogas Technology

Most rural people in Kenya rely principally on human and animal muscle power in their work as subsistence farmers, herdsmen, fisherman, or small-scale crop farmers. All the agricultural processes (ranging from ploughing to harvesting) are done largely by hand, with some help from draft animals and simple tools. Firewood is their principal cooking and heating fuel while kerosene in used for lighting. Their economic growth is hence blocked by the energy crisis. Due to their heavy dependence on biomass – mainly firewood, crop residues, and animal dung – they deprive the soil of essential nutrients and pose a threat to the agricultural lands due to deforestation and the resulting soil erosion. The problem of rural energy, therefore places the provision of food and other basic needs at risk. A technology which extracts a more useful and convenient form of fuel from biomass without destroying its fertilizer value than the traditional conversion method of direct combustion is highly desirable. Anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues generates biogas which can be used directly for lighting, cooking, electricity generation, or to power an IC engine for water pumping or milling. The remaining sludge forms a good fertilizer. This paper reviews the role of biomass in meeting Kenya's energy needs and how biogas can contribute in alleviating the rural energy crisis. Biogas production and utilization technology was introduced in Kenya in 1954 but by 1986 there were less than 200 installed biogas plants and less than 25% of these were operational. A survey of installed biogas plants (across the country) was carried out (using questionnaires and interviews) to identify the factors that have inhibited the adoption of biogas technology in Kenya; and the problems which have caused the failure of many of the installed plants. The paper gives a detailed discussion of the findings. The survey showed that amoung the reasons for nonadoption are: lack of capital and sufficient input materials (animal dung and water); limited dissemination of technical knowledge and experience to operate biogas plants; and the lack of credit and extension facilities. It was also found that problems such as scum build-up and corrosion, and the lack of sufficient knowledge on the operation and maintenance of the digesters especially on feeding and feedstock dilution (leading to low gas production) has resulted to many failures. The paper attempts to answer some of the problems which have resulted to the many failures and hindered widespread acceptance of biogas technology in Kenya. Finally the issue of dissemination is discussed.

Carbon-sensitive productivity, climate and institutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surender Kumar ◽  
Shunsuke Managi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Technological Adoption ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Cost

AbstractClimate and institutions might be crucial in lowering the vagaries of climate change impacts in terms of productivity. This study measures the relationships of productivity measures adjusted for the regulation of carbon emission and institutions together with climate change throughout the world. This paper finds that there is higher potential for reduction of CO2emissions in developing countries at lower cost. However, the cost to reduce emissions lowers their growth potential in terms of lost productivity growth. Better institutions help to lower the negative impacts of climate change by improving the process of technological adoption in developing countries. Climate change reduces the productivity growth in developing countries by lowering the process of technological adoption, and better institutions result in higher productivity.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Household Heads’ Intentions to Adopt Biogas Technology in Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Martha Osei-Marfo ◽  
Nanne de Vries ◽  
Esi Awuah
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biogas Technology

Evidence abounds that biogas technology has enormous health and environmental benefits, including improvement of community livelihood and health, sanitation, sustainable energy and reduced emissions. In spite of these benefits, intentions to adopt biogas technology are low among household heads in developing countries, notably Ghana. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology, based on the theory of planned behavior. The study adopted an exploratory design and collected data from 394 household heads’ using questionnaires. It was discovered that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significant predictors and independently contributed to predicting household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology. Additionally, the study found that, the dynamics of ethnicity and education have a significantly direct effect on household heads’ intentions to adopt biogas technology. The study recommends that respected persons in local communities, using different ethnic dialects, lead public education and awareness creation on the benefits of the use of biogas technology. Besides, government should subsidize the cost of biogas plants installation so as to promote its adoption rate.

scholarly journals An Assessment Of Clean Development Mechanism Project Contribution To Sustainable Development In Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendran Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism Project ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Economic Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Mechanism

A Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a market-based climate change instrument used to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. CDM’s have become popular in many developing countries, however given the materially skewed distribution of CDM projects in developing countries it not clear whether CDM projects contribute materially to environmental and economic sustainable development in developing countries. This study examines the effect of CDM on sustainable development in Nigeria by reviewing sample of working CDM projects in Nigeria against globally established sustainable development criteria. Possible amendments to CDM policy are then reviewed based on the findings made during the study. 

scholarly journals Utilization of Bioslurry from Biogas Plant as Fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12210-12213 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Waste Food ◽  
Effective Source

The conventional sources of energy are polluting the environment and getting depleted. The only option is renewable sources of energy like biogas. Disposal of large amount of bio gas slurry (BGS) producedis a major concern. Recycling of organic waste such as cattle dung, vegetable waste, food waste by the process of anaerobic digestion in the biogas plant (BGP) will be a great potential than producing any other fossil fuels. In many of the developing countries like India, cattle dung, crops residues will be produced in very large amount and hence it possible for producing bio gas and the bio slurry as the by-product. Hence, utilization of bio slurry as a fertilizer is an effective way. It increases the productivity of the soil. It is cheap and easily available fertilizer for the small scale farmers who could not afford in buying synthetic fertilizers. Bio slurry is nowadays being used as an effective source of fertilizer. It has high nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) that are considered to be the macro nutrients required for the flourishing growth of plants. It also contains some micro nutrients. It reduces the cost of natural organic fertilizer and increases the fertility of the soil.

Self-Excited Small Scale Hydropower Generator in Malaysia: A Brief Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 599-603
Author(s):  
Khairul Azhar bin Mat Daud ◽  
Nik Fazli Sapian ◽  
Ahmad Rasdan Ismail ◽  
Wan Azlina Wan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Domestic Use

Houses and small farms in remote area typically use batteries or generator for their lighting and electricity needs. However, with the use of generators, the availability and cost of fuel to power the generators are of the main concerns. Other type of renewable energy such as wind and solar, which is only available for several hours per day; are also very costly. Hence, a cheaper and reliable option is needed. Although large hydropower plant provides electricity for industry and domestic use, small scale hydropower plant does contributes toward providing this basic need to remote, off-grid areas and backup power particularly in developing countries. Thus, this paper focuses on small scale hydropower, self-excited application which does not require river-run-off or dam for water storage. It is cost effective, environmentally friendly and the turbine system can be manufactured locally. Several existing research in Malaysia are highlighted and small scale hydropower is reviewed based on their application on rural environment.

Energy After COVID

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Michael T. Klare
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Companies

By transforming patterns of travel and work around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to renewable energy and the decline of fossil fuels. Lockdowns brought car commuting and plane travel to a near halt, and the mass experiment in which white-collar employees have been working from home may permanently reduce energy consumption for business travel. Renewable energy and electric vehicles were already gaining market share before the pandemic. Under pressure from investors, major energy companies have started writing off fossil fuel reserves as stranded assets that are no longer worth the cost of extracting. These shifts may indicate that “peak oil demand” has arrived earlier than expected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document