Pain Management Using Nano-Bio Fusion Gel in Fixed Orthodontic Therapy-Induced Gingivitis: A Split-Mouth Design Study

Nanotechnology-based products containing antioxidants may be effective adjuvants in the treatment of periodontal diseases. To assess the treatment effect of nano bio-fusion gel (NBFG) in pain perception (PP) in fixed orthodontic therapy-induced gingivitis (FOTIG). The gel contains propolis, vitamin C, and vitamin E in the form of nanoemulsion. Thirty-two patients were finally selected from the orthodontic clinic after assessments for FOTIG. Patients were allocated randomly into active and placebo-control groups. Patients were evaluated at three intervals (T1, T2, and T3). Pain perception using a numeric rating scale (NRS) was performed at baseline (T1), on the 7th day (T2) and on the 28th day (T3) on his/her visit to an orthodontic clinic. In the T1, T2, and T3 period, patients apply NBFG (active or placebo side) to their gingiva after brushing two times a day for 28 consecutive days. Results: The baseline data between the active or placebo group showed almost similar PP. From T1 to T2 and T3, the active or placebo-control group showed significant improvement in PP over time. Compared to placebo, the active group showed highly significant (p ≤ 0.001, T1 to T2 and T2 to T3) improvement in PP. The use of NBFG is an effective means of improvement in PP of FOTIG cases.

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Squeezing a squishy object effectively controls pain in children during intravenous catheter insertion

Pediatric Reports ◽

10.4081/pr.2020.8692 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Grace Yuliona Sirtin Tumakaka ◽

Nani Nurhaeni ◽

Dessie Wanda

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Catheter Insertion ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Intravenous Catheter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Numeric Rating

This study aimed to identify the effect of distraction technique involving squeezing a squishy object on pain in children during intravenous catheter insertion. In this work, the control group posttest-only quasiexperimental design was used. This study involved 50 participants aged 3-15 years and was assigned into either intervention or control group. The intervention group was provided with a squishy object to squeeze as a form of distraction during intravenous catheter insertion, whereas the control group received the standard intervention. The pain was measured by using the Wong- Baker Faces Scale for 3-8 years old and the Visual Analog Scale or Numeric Rating Scale for children older than 8 years. Mann–Whitney analysis reveals significant difference in pain level between the intervention and control groups (P<0,001; α=0.05). The distraction technique involving squeezing a squishy object effectively reduced pain in children during intravenous catheter insertion and is recommended for pain management in nursing care in the pediatric ward.

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Spiritual relaxation to reduce dysmenorrhea: a quasy experimental

MEDISAINS ◽

10.30595/medisains.v17i3.5432 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Qurota A'yun ◽

Mukhoirotin Mukhoirotin

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Early Mobilization ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Relaxation Techniques ◽

Menstrual Pain ◽

Control Group Design ◽

And Control ◽

Numeric Rating

Background: The dysmenorrhea prevalence is still reported high in the world. Several previous studies discovered that deep breathing relaxation effectively reduced dysmenorrhea. Other studies presented the combination of early mobilization and spiritual relaxation could reduce the level of client pain postoperative appendectomy, however the effectiveness of spiritual relaxation techniques to reduce dysmenorrhea is not yet tested.Objective: to determine the effect of spiritual relaxation to reduce dysmenorrhea.Method: The research design used was Quasi Experiment with the pretest-posttest Control Group Design approach. The populations were female students who experienced menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variable in this study was dysmenorrhea. The sampling technique was simple ramdom sampling consisted of 44 respondents. The calculation instrument was NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) and data were analyzed through statistical test of Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test.Results: After spiritual relaxation treatment, the intensity of menstrual pain reduced significantly from 6.05 - 1.77, it proved that there was an effect of spiritual relaxation on dysmenorrhea with a significant value (ρ) of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences in the intensity of menstrual pain in the intervention and control groups (1.77 ± 1,109 vs 5.63 ± 0.445; p> 0.05).Conclusion: Spiritual relaxation effectively reduces dysmenorrhea

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Effects of Intraoperative Nefopam on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Robotic Nephrectomy: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8040519 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 519

Author(s):

Chi-Bum In ◽

Young-Tae Jeon ◽

Ah-Young Oh ◽

Se-Jong Jin ◽

Byeong-Seon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Period ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Analgesic Agent ◽

Double Blind ◽

Robotic Nephrectomy ◽

Male Patients ◽

Numeric Rating

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is one of the most difficult symptoms during the postoperative period. Nefopam is a non-narcotic analgesic agent, which also has anticholinergic action. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of nefopam on CRBD in male patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy. A total of 109 male patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n = 55) received 20 mL of normal saline, and the nefopam group (n = 54) received 20 mg of nefopam 1 h before the end of the operation. At postoperative times of 20 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h, the severity of CRBD was measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale, respectively. The severity of CRBD in the nefopam group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 20 min (4.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0, respectively, p = 0.012) and at 1, 2, and 6 h (3.5 ± 1.2, 2.7 ± 0.9, and 2.5 ± 1.0 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.8, and 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively, p < 0001). Intraoperative nefopam administration reduced the severity of CRBD in patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy.

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Pre-emptive ice cube cryotherapy for reducing pain from local anaesthetic injections for simple lacerations: a randomised controlled trial

Emergency Medicine Journal ◽

10.1136/emermed-2017-206585 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 103-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JaeWoo Song ◽

HyukHoon Kim ◽

EunJung Park ◽

Jung Hwan Ahn ◽

Eunhui Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Injection Site ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Ice Cube ◽

Perceived Pain ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

Numeric Rating

ObjectiveSubcutaneous local anaesthetic injection can be painful to patients in the ED. We evaluated the effect of cryotherapy by application of an ice cube to the injection site prior to injection in patients with simple lacerations.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomised, controlled trial in consented patients with simple lacerations needing primary repair at a single emergency centre from April to July 2016. We randomly assigned patients undergoing repair for simple lacerations to either the cryotherapy group or the control group (standard care; no cryotherapy or other pretreatment of the injection site). In cryotherapy group subjects, we applied an ice cube (size: 1.5×1.5×1.5 cm) placed inside a sterile glove on the wound at the anticipated subcutaneous lidocaine injection site for 2 min prior to injection. The primary outcome was a subjective numeric rating (0–10 scale) of the perceived pain from the subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections. Secondary outcomes were (a) perceived pain on a numeric scale for cryotherapy itself, that is, pain from contact of the ice cube/glove with the skin and (b) the rate of complications after primary laceration repair.ResultsFifty patients were enrolled, consented and randomised, with 25 in the cryotherapy group and 25 in the control group. The numeric rating scale for subcutaneous anaesthetic injections was median, IQR, 95% CI 2.0 (1 to 3.5), 1.81 to 3.47, respectively, in the cryotherapy group and 5.0 (3 to 7), 3.91 to 6.05 in the control group (Mann-Whitney U=147.50, p=0.001). No wound complications occurred in either group. The numeric rating scale for cryotherapy itself was median, IQR, 95% CI: 2.0 (1 to 3.5), 1.90 to 3.70.ConclusionPre-emptive topical injection site cryotherapy lasting 2 min before subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections can significantly reduce perceived pain from subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections in patients presenting for simple laceration repair.Trial registration numberKCT0001990.

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Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Guided Imagery Music terhadap Intensitas Nyeri pada Klien Post Operasi Apendicitis di Ruang Rawat Inap Bedah Rspad Gatot Soebroto Ditkesad Jakarta Tahun 2015

JOURNAL EDUCATIONAL OF NURSING(JEN) ◽

10.37430/jen.v2i1.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Astrid Astrid ◽

Memed Sena Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Guided Imagery ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Pain Scale ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Random Assignment ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Post Test ◽

Numeric Rating

Apendicitis adalah peradangan dari apendiks vermiformis yang menyebabkan usus berhenti mengeluarkan sisa makanan yang tidak diserap oleh tubuh sehingga dilakukan Apendictomy dimana terjadi nyeri akut pada level severe. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik relaksasi Guided Imagery Music terhadap intensitas nyeri post operasi apendicitis di ruang rawat inap bedah RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Ditkesad Jakarta. Desain penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling dengan rancangan random assignment pre test-post test with control group. Jumlah sampel adalah 36 orang (18 orang kelompok kontrol dan 18 orang kelompok intervensi). Nyeri diukur dengan menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) dan Faces Pain Scale Resived (FPSR). Uji statistik menggunakan uji T test independen. Hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh teknik relaksasi Guided Imagery Music terhadap intensitas nyeri pada klien post operasi Apendicitis. Perbedaan rata-rata intensitas nyeri pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 1,55 dan pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 3,17. Variabel confounding telah dilakukan uji normalitas didapatkan hasil tidak ada hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, koping, individu pendukung, lingkungan, pengalaman nyeri sebelumnya terhadap intensitas nyeri, ini dikarenakan klien tidak mampu mengalihkan perhatian dari rasa nyeri yang hebat post operasi apendicitis, sehingga hasil statistik nya tidak perlu dilakukan transformasi. Teknik relaksasi Guided Imagery Music dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi mandiri keperawatan untuk mengurangi intensitas nyeri klien post operasi apendicitis. Kata Kunci: Guided Imagery Music, Klien Post Operasi Apendicitis, Intensitas Nyeri

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AKUPRESSURE PADA TITIK HEGU UNTUK MENGATASI NYERI MENSTRUASI

Jurnal Kebidanan Indonesia : Journal of Indonesia Midwifery ◽

10.36419/jkebin.v10i2.279 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Gita Kostania ◽

Kuswati Kuswati ◽

Ati Fitriyani

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Equivalent Control ◽

Numeric Rating

Latar Belakang : Menstruasi merupakan tanda pubertas seorang wanita dan menjadi rutinitas wanita yang masih dalam masa subur. Siklus ini menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan, salah satunya nyeri menstruasi. Nyeri ini dapat berupa kram ringan hingga dapat mengganggu kegiatan sehari-hari. Nyeri menstruasi dapat dikurangi secara farmakologis dan non farmakologis. Secara non farmakologis salah satunya adalah dengan akupresure pada titik Hegu. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh akupresure titik hegu terhadap nyeri menstruasi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional. Jenis penelitian quasy eksperiment dengan rancangan non equivalent control group. Populasi aktualnya yaitu santriwati kelas XI Madrasah Bertaraf Internasional Amanatul Ummah Mojokerto yang mengalami nyeri menstruasi sebanyak 126 orang. Teknik pengambilan sample adalah purposive sampling dengan perhitungan rumus Slovin, didapatkan sebanyak 56 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi dengan pengukuran Numeric Rating Scale. Analisis data menggunakan independent t-test. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan penurunan nyeri menstruasi antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dengan p=0,001 (p

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The Effect of Murattal To Relieve Dysmenorrhea Pain in Female Students

Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health ◽

10.36780/jmcrh.v1i1.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qanita Chairun Nissa ◽

Neni Nuraeni ◽

Hani Handayani

Keyword(s):

Group Treatment ◽

Female Student ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

And Control ◽

Numeric Rating

Dysmenorrhea is menstruation pain that would interfere women’s activities. Murattal is a non-pharmacological technique that may relieve menstruation pain. The aim of this research was to find the effect of Murattal in relieving dysmenorrhea for female student of SMPN 12 Tasikmalaya. This research used quasi-experiment with pre-posttest and control group design. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. This study involved 15 students in a group treatment and 15 students in a group control used technique purposive sampling. The instrument of this study was Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Instrument. Respondents listened Murattal Surah Ar-Rahman. Data were analyzed using paired T-Test also used. The result found that there was an effect of Murattal to relieve dysmenorrhea pain for female student of SMPN 12 Tasikmalaya, with ρ value 0,000. The conclusion, Murattal is effective to relieve dysmenorrhea. There is a need of developing other non-pharmacology interventions to relive dysmenorrhea Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, Murottal, Pain

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Choice of surgical treatment for chronic composite hemorrhoid

Russian Military Medical Academy Reports ◽

10.17816/rmmar64952 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Oleg A. Litvinov ◽

Evgeniy V. Zhitikhin ◽

Igor G. Ignatovich ◽

Hovannes A. Arutyunyan ◽

Artur G. Arustamov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Period ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Cavernous Tissue ◽

Numeric Rating

A comparative analysis of the treatment of 142 patients operated on chronic hemorrhoid stage IIIIV has been passed by way of assess the results of using new version of hemorrhoidectomy. The age of patients ranged from 27 to 80 (mean age was 50.46.7). 86 (60.6%) patients were diagnosed with stage III chronic hemorrhoid, at 56 (39.4%) patients the stage IV. For this study patients were divided into basic and controlled groups. The basic group consisted of 73 (51.4%) patients that have had hemorrhoidectomy using our modification. There were 69 (48.6%) patients in control group that have been operated by MilliganMorgan method in second modify of State Scientific Center of Proctology using bipolar coagulator LigaSure. The level of pain was assessed in the early postoperative period by numeric rating scale. The patients had been operated by our method mentioned that the pain syndrome was less pronounced (3.2 against 4.9 balls), that required less painkillers in the early postoperative period. In the case of doing semicircle cuts on the border of anocutaneous crinkle and bringing down mucous membrane, the significant excision of the cavernous tissue doesnt lead to contraction of the anal canal by that reduces the number of functional disorders after hemorrhoidectomy (4 figs, 1 table, bibliography: 7 refs).

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Comparison of the Effectiveness between 5% Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetic Cream and Ethyl Chloride Spray Applied on the Skin Prior to Intravenous Cannulation

Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand ◽

10.35755/jmedassocthai.2021.01.11438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78

Keyword(s):

Local Anesthetic ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Eutectic Mixture ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Ethyl Chloride ◽

Endoscopic Procedure ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Study Participants ◽

Numeric Rating

Background: Since the patients scheduled for an endoscopic procedure had been unhappy with pain during intravenous cannulation. Objective: To compare the effectiveness between 5% eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream and ethyl chloride spray applied on the skin prior to the procedure. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-six patients were randomized equally into three groups, A: 5% eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream, B: ethyl chloride spray, and C: placebo. Then a nurse used a 22-gauge (22G) needle catheter to administer a cannula. Five minutes after the intravenous cannulation, a co-researcher assessed the patient’s pain perception and satisfaction as well as the nurse’s difficulty in performance by means of a numeric rating scale. Results: One hundred seventy-six patients completed the present study. Participants having the anesthetic cream and spray application as well as the placebo expressed their pain scores as 1.7±1.3, 1.6±1.2, and 2.2±1.3, respectively. Therefore, patients applied with local anesthetics had significantly less pain perception than those with the placebo (p=0.039); however, scores were not different between the anesthetic cream and the spray groups. Conclusion: Patients scheduled for an endoscopic procedure did not showed significant pain relief with either the 5% eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream or the ethyl chloride spray. Keywords: 5% eutectic mixture of local anesthetic cream, Ethyl chloride spray, Endoscopic surgery, Intravenous cannulation, Pain

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