Pre-emptive ice cube cryotherapy for reducing pain from local anaesthetic injections for simple lacerations: a randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
JaeWoo Song ◽  
HyukHoon Kim ◽  
EunJung Park ◽  
Jung Hwan Ahn ◽  
Eunhui Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Local Anaesthetic ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ice Cube ◽  
Perceived Pain ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Numeric Rating

ObjectiveSubcutaneous local anaesthetic injection can be painful to patients in the ED. We evaluated the effect of cryotherapy by application of an ice cube to the injection site prior to injection in patients with simple lacerations.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomised, controlled trial in consented patients with simple lacerations needing primary repair at a single emergency centre from April to July 2016. We randomly assigned patients undergoing repair for simple lacerations to either the cryotherapy group or the control group (standard care; no cryotherapy or other pretreatment of the injection site). In cryotherapy group subjects, we applied an ice cube (size: 1.5×1.5×1.5 cm) placed inside a sterile glove on the wound at the anticipated subcutaneous lidocaine injection site for 2 min prior to injection. The primary outcome was a subjective numeric rating (0–10 scale) of the perceived pain from the subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections. Secondary outcomes were (a) perceived pain on a numeric scale for cryotherapy itself, that is, pain from contact of the ice cube/glove with the skin and (b) the rate of complications after primary laceration repair.ResultsFifty patients were enrolled, consented and randomised, with 25 in the cryotherapy group and 25 in the control group. The numeric rating scale for subcutaneous anaesthetic injections was median, IQR, 95% CI 2.0 (1 to 3.5), 1.81 to 3.47, respectively, in the cryotherapy group and 5.0 (3 to 7), 3.91 to 6.05 in the control group (Mann-Whitney U=147.50, p=0.001). No wound complications occurred in either group. The numeric rating scale for cryotherapy itself was median, IQR, 95% CI: 2.0 (1 to 3.5), 1.90 to 3.70.ConclusionPre-emptive topical injection site cryotherapy lasting 2 min before subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections can significantly reduce perceived pain from subcutaneous local anaesthetic injections in patients presenting for simple laceration repair.Trial registration numberKCT0001990.

Effect of Fentanyl Nasal Packing Treatment on Patients With Acute Postoperative Pain After Nasal Operation: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan-Sub Kim ◽  
Nam-Kyung Yeo ◽  
Seong-Su Kim ◽  
Woong-Sub Park ◽  
Su-Hyun Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ramsay Sedation Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating ◽  
Fentanyl Group

Purpose: Nasal packing is an option for bleeding control after endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty. Although new packing materials have been developed, patients still suffer from pain and require additional analgesics treatments. In this study, a prospective, randomized, and double-blind controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effect of fentanyl-soaked packing on pain after endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty. Methods: One hundred fifty-two patients who underwent nasal surgeries due to chronic rhinosinusitis or nasal septal deviation were enrolled in this study. At the end of operation, 50 mcg fentanyl-soaked biodegradable synthetic polyurethane foams packing Nasopore or Merocel were applied to a group of 79 patients, and saline-soaked ones were applied to another group of 73 patients. To evaluate the influence of fentanyl on postoperative nasal pain, patients’ conditions were assessed via means of Numeric Rating Scale, patient satisfaction, and Ramsay Sedation Scale. In addition, symptoms of headache or sore throat and any signs of cardiopulmonary-relevant indicators were monitored. Results: The fentanyl group had significantly decreased Numeric Rating Scale and increased patient satisfaction in every operation type for the majority of postoperative time periods ( P < .05) with reduced postoperative headache and sore throat compared to the control group. The fentanyl group showed a higher score on Ramsay Sedation Scale than the control group ( P < .05 in group including endoscopic sinus surgery). There were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary-relevant indicators between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Conclusion: Fentanyl group showed significantly reduced postoperative pain without serious adverse effects. We suggest that topical fentanyl application to nasal packs can be a useful method to reduce pain during the early postoperative period after endoscopic sinus surgery and septoplasty.

scholarly journals Spiritual relaxation to reduce dysmenorrhea: a quasy experimental

MEDISAINS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Qurota A'yun ◽  
Mukhoirotin Mukhoirotin
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Early Mobilization ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Numeric Rating

Background: The dysmenorrhea prevalence is still reported high in the world. Several previous studies discovered that deep breathing relaxation effectively reduced dysmenorrhea. Other studies presented the combination of early mobilization and spiritual relaxation could reduce the level of client pain postoperative appendectomy, however the effectiveness of spiritual relaxation techniques to reduce dysmenorrhea is not yet tested.Objective: to determine the effect of spiritual relaxation to reduce dysmenorrhea.Method: The research design used was Quasi Experiment with the pretest-posttest Control Group Design approach. The populations were female students who experienced menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The variable in this study was dysmenorrhea. The sampling technique was simple ramdom sampling consisted of 44 respondents. The calculation instrument was NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) and data were analyzed through statistical test of Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test.Results: After spiritual relaxation treatment, the intensity of menstrual pain reduced significantly from 6.05 - 1.77, it proved that there was an effect of spiritual relaxation on dysmenorrhea with a significant value (ρ) of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences in the intensity of menstrual pain in the intervention and control groups (1.77 ± 1,109 vs 5.63 ± 0.445; p> 0.05).Conclusion: Spiritual relaxation effectively reduces dysmenorrhea

Effect of Pregabalin on Radiotherapy-Related Neuropathic Pain in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingru Jiang ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Qingyu Shen ◽  
Xiaoming Rong ◽  
Xiaolong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Numeric Rating

Purpose Neuropathic pain is an unavoidable treatment-related adverse event among patients with head and neck cancer who are undergoing radiotherapy. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of pregabalin versus placebo in the treatment of radiotherapy-related neuropathic pain. Patients and Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in four centers in China. Eligible patients with a mean pain intensity score of 4 or more on an 11-point numeric rating scale were randomly assigned to receive either active treatment with a flexible dose of pregabalin or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was pain reduction measured on the numeric rating scale. Result There were 128 patients who received treatment as randomly assigned. Pain intensity reduction was 2.44 in the pregabalin arm and 1.58 in the placebo arm at week 16, yielding an adjusted mean difference of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.30 to 1.44; P = .003). In the pregabalin arm, 38 patients (59.4%) achieved at least 30% pain relief versus 21 (32.8%) in the placebo arm ( P = .006). Nineteen patients (29.7%) in the pregabalin group and five (7.8%) in the placebo group achieved 50% or greater pain relief ( P = .003). Total scores on the Profile of Mood States-Short Form, pain severity and functional interference of Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, as well as the physiology and psychology domain of the WHO Quality of Life-BREF all were reduced significantly at week 16 in patients who received pregabalin compared with those who received placebo. There was no significant difference ( P = .29) in the incidence of experiencing at least one adverse event in the pregabalin arm (n = 35; 54.7%) versus the placebo arm (n = 29; 45.3%). Conclusion Patients treated with pregabalin with radiotherapy-related neuropathic pain had greater pain alleviation, better mood states, and higher quality of life compared with patients in the placebo group, with a good tolerability.

scholarly journals Effects of Intraoperative Nefopam on Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Undergoing Robotic Nephrectomy: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Chi-Bum In ◽  
Young-Tae Jeon ◽  
Ah-Young Oh ◽  
Se-Jong Jin ◽  
Byeong-Seon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Analgesic Agent ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Robotic Nephrectomy ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Numeric Rating

Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is one of the most difficult symptoms during the postoperative period. Nefopam is a non-narcotic analgesic agent, which also has anticholinergic action. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of nefopam on CRBD in male patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy. A total of 109 male patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n = 55) received 20 mL of normal saline, and the nefopam group (n = 54) received 20 mg of nefopam 1 h before the end of the operation. At postoperative times of 20 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h, the severity of CRBD was measured using an 11-point numeric rating scale, respectively. The severity of CRBD in the nefopam group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 20 min (4.8 ± 1.3 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0, respectively, p = 0.012) and at 1, 2, and 6 h (3.5 ± 1.2, 2.7 ± 0.9, and 2.5 ± 1.0 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.8, and 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively, p < 0001). Intraoperative nefopam administration reduced the severity of CRBD in patients undergoing robotic nephrectomy.

Effectiveness of Simulated Horseback Riding for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
TaeYeong Kim ◽  
JaeHyuk Lee ◽  
SeJun Oh ◽  
Seungmin Kim ◽  
BumChul Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Oswestry Disability Index ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Numeric Rating

Context: A simulated horseback riding (SHR) exercise is effective for improvement of pain and functional disability, but its comparative effectiveness with the other is unknown. Objective: The authors aimed to demonstrate the effect of a SHR exercise in people with chronic low back pain. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Settings: Community and university campus. Participants: A total of 48 participants with chronic low back pain were divided into 2 groups, and SHR exercises (n = 24) or stabilization (STB) exercises (n = 24) were performed. Interventions: The exercises were performed for 30 minutes, 2 days per week for 8 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Numeric rating scale, functional disabilities (Oswestry disability index and Roland–Morris disability), and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) scores were measured at baseline and at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months. Results: A 2-way repeated analysis of variance identified that between-group comparisons showed significant differences in the FABQ related to work scale (F = 21.422; P = .01). There were no significant differences in the numeric rating scale (F = 1.696; P = .21), Oswestry disability index (F = 1.848; P = .20), Roland–Morris disability (F = 0.069; P = .80), and FABQ related to physical scale (F = 1.579; P = .24). In within-group comparisons, both groups presented significant differences in numeric rating scale (both SHR and STB after 4 wk), Oswestry disability index (both SHR and STB after 6 mo), and Roland–Morris disability (SHR after 6 mo and STB after 8 wk) compared with baseline values. In FABQ-related physical (SHR after 4 wk) and work scales (SHR after 6 mo), there were only significant differences in the SHR compared with baseline values. Conclusions: SHR exercise for 8 weeks had a greater effect than STB exercise for reducing work-related FABQ. The SHR exercise performed in a seated position could substantially decrease pain-related fear disability in young adults with chronic low back pain.

scholarly journals Examining the effects of enhanced provider–patient communication on postoperative tonsillectomy pain: protocol of a randomised controlled trial performed by nurses in daily clinical care

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbeth M van Vliet ◽  
Sandra van Dulmen ◽  
Bram Thiel ◽  
Gerard W van Deelen ◽  
Stephanie Immerzeel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Care Ward

IntroductionPlacebo effects (true biopsychological effects not attributable to the active ingredients of medical technical interventions) can be attributed to several mechanisms, such as expectancy manipulation and empathy manipulation elicited by a provider’s communication. So far, effects have primarily been shown in laboratory settings. The aim of this study is to determine the separate and combined effects of expectancy manipulation and empathy manipulation during preoperative and postoperative tonsillectomy analgesia care on clinical adult patients’ outcomes.Methods and analysisUsing a two-by-two randomised controlled trial, 128 adult tonsillectomy patients will be randomly assigned to one out of four conditions differing in the level of expectancy manipulation (standard vs enhanced) and empathy manipulation (standard vs enhanced). Day care ward nurses are trained to deliver the intervention, while patients are treated via the standard analgesia protocol and hospital routines. The primary outcome, perceived pain, is measured via hospital routine by a Numeric Rating Scale, and additional prehospitalisation, perihospitalisation and posthospitalisation questionnaires are completed (until day 3, ie, 2 days after the operation). The manipulation is checked using audio recordings of nurse–patient interactions.Ethics and disseminationAlthough communication is manipulated, the manipulations do not cross norms or values of acceptable behaviour. Standard medical care is provided. The ethical committee of the UMC Utrecht and the local OLVG hospital committee approved the study. Results will be published via (inter)national peer-reviewed journals and a lay publication.Trial registration numberNTR5994; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Guided Imagery Music terhadap Intensitas Nyeri pada Klien Post Operasi Apendicitis di Ruang Rawat Inap Bedah Rspad Gatot Soebroto Ditkesad Jakarta Tahun 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Astrid Astrid ◽  
Memed Sena Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Guided Imagery ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Numeric Rating

Apendicitis adalah peradangan dari apendiks vermiformis yang menyebabkan usus berhenti mengeluarkan sisa makanan yang tidak diserap oleh tubuh sehingga dilakukan Apendictomy dimana terjadi nyeri akut pada level severe. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik relaksasi Guided Imagery Music terhadap intensitas nyeri post operasi apendicitis di ruang rawat inap bedah RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Ditkesad Jakarta. Desain penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling dengan rancangan random assignment pre test-post test with control group. Jumlah sampel adalah 36 orang (18 orang kelompok kontrol dan 18 orang kelompok intervensi). Nyeri diukur dengan menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) dan Faces Pain Scale Resived (FPSR). Uji statistik menggunakan uji T test independen. Hasil uji menunjukkan ada pengaruh teknik relaksasi Guided Imagery Music terhadap intensitas nyeri pada klien post operasi Apendicitis. Perbedaan rata-rata intensitas nyeri pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 1,55 dan pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 3,17. Variabel confounding telah dilakukan uji normalitas didapatkan hasil tidak ada hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, koping, individu pendukung, lingkungan, pengalaman nyeri sebelumnya terhadap intensitas nyeri, ini dikarenakan klien tidak mampu mengalihkan perhatian dari rasa nyeri yang hebat post operasi apendicitis, sehingga hasil statistik nya tidak perlu dilakukan transformasi. Teknik relaksasi Guided Imagery Music dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi mandiri keperawatan untuk mengurangi intensitas nyeri klien post operasi apendicitis. Kata Kunci: Guided Imagery Music, Klien Post Operasi Apendicitis, Intensitas Nyeri

scholarly journals Out-patient triple chronotherapy for the rapid treatment and maintenance of response in depression: feasibility and pilot randomised controlled trial

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Veale ◽  
Marc Serfaty ◽  
Clara Humpston ◽  
Andriani Papageorgiou ◽  
Sarah Markham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Rapid Treatment

Background Triple chronotherapy (sleep deprivation for 36 h, followed by 4 days of advancing the time of sleep and daily morning bright-light therapy for 6 months) has demonstrated benefits for the rapid treatment of depressive symptoms in four small controlled trials of in-patients. Aims To test the feasibility of recruitment and delivery of triple chronotherapy for out-patients with depression (ISRCTN17706836; NCT03405493). Method In a single-blind trial, 82 participants were randomised to triple chronotherapy or a control intervention. The primary outcome was the number of participants recruited per month and adherence to the protocol. Secondary outcomes included the 6-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-6) at 1 week. Timings of observer ratings were baseline and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 26 weeks after randomisation. Results The triple chronotherapy group stayed awake for the planned 36 h and 89.9% adhered to the plan of phase advance of their sleep over the following 4 days. We achieved our recruitment target (60 participants completed the trial within 13 months). There were no reported adverse side-effects. We found a significant difference between the groups by intention-to-treat analysis for the HRSD-6 at weeks 1, 8 and 26. There was a large effect size of Cohen's d = 0.8 on HRSD-6 score at week 1, increasing to d = 1.30 at week 26. A response (≥50% reduction in symptoms) was achieved by 33.3% in the triple chronotherapy group and 16.2% in the control group. This stayed relatively steady until week 26 (35.9 v. 13.9%). Conclusions Triple chronotherapy produced a significant and rapid benefit after 1 week in out-patients with depression that was sustained at 26 weeks. Cost-effectiveness trials with a larger clinical sample are required.

scholarly journals AKUPRESSURE PADA TITIK HEGU UNTUK MENGATASI NYERI MENSTRUASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Gita Kostania ◽  
Kuswati Kuswati ◽  
Ati Fitriyani
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Numeric Rating

Latar Belakang : Menstruasi merupakan tanda pubertas seorang wanita dan menjadi rutinitas wanita yang masih dalam masa subur. Siklus ini menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan, salah satunya nyeri menstruasi. Nyeri ini dapat berupa kram ringan hingga dapat mengganggu kegiatan sehari-hari. Nyeri menstruasi dapat dikurangi secara farmakologis dan non farmakologis. Secara non farmakologis salah satunya adalah dengan akupresure pada titik Hegu. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh akupresure titik hegu terhadap nyeri menstruasi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional. Jenis penelitian quasy eksperiment dengan rancangan non equivalent control group. Populasi aktualnya yaitu santriwati kelas XI Madrasah Bertaraf Internasional Amanatul Ummah Mojokerto yang mengalami nyeri menstruasi sebanyak 126 orang. Teknik pengambilan sample adalah purposive sampling dengan perhitungan rumus Slovin, didapatkan sebanyak 56 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi dengan pengukuran Numeric Rating Scale. Analisis data menggunakan independent t-test. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan penurunan nyeri menstruasi antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dengan p=0,001 (p

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