scholarly journals TSCH Multiflow Scheduling with QoS Guarantees: A Comparison of SDN with Common Schedulers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Federico Orozco-Santos ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Teresa Albero-Albero
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Multiple Flows ◽  
Channel Hopping ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
Distributed Solutions ◽  
The Cost

Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN) are becoming increasingly popular in production environments due to their ease of deployment, low cost and energy efficiency. However, the complexity and accuracy demanded by these environments requires that IWSN implement quality of service mechanisms that allow them to operate with high determinism. For this reason, the IEEE 802.15.4e standard incorporates the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) protocol which reduces interference and increases the reliability of transmissions. This standard does not specify how time resources are allocated in TSCH scheduling, leading to multiple scheduling solutions. Schedulers can be classified as autonomous, distributed and centralised. The first two have prevailed over the centralised ones because they do not require high signalling, along with the advantages of ease of deployment and high performance. However, the increased QoS requirements and the diversity of traffic flows that circulate through the network in today’s Industry 4.0 environment require strict, dynamic control to guarantee parameters such as delay, packet loss and deadline, independently for each flow. That cannot always be achieved with distributed or autonomous schedulers. For this reason, it is necessary to use centralised protocols with a disruptive approach, such as Software Defined Networks (SDN). In these, not only is the control of the MAC layer centralised, but all the decisions of the nodes that make up the network are configured by the controller based on a global vision of the topology and resources, which allows optimal decisions to be made. In this work, a comparative analysis is made through simulation and a testbed of the different schedulers to demonstrate the benefits of a fully centralized approach such as SDN. The results obtained show that with SDN it is possible to simplify the management of multiple flows, without the problems of centralised schedulers. SDN maintains the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) levels of other distributed solutions, but in addition, it achieves greater determinism with bounded end-to-end delays and Deadline Satisfaction Ratio (DSR) at the cost of increased power consumption.

Constructing a Bioinformatics Platform with Web and Mobile Services Based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yuan Lin ◽  
Jin Ye ◽  
Che-Lun Hung ◽  
Chung-Hung Wang ◽  
Min Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Performance Computing

Current high-end graphics processing units (abbreviate to GPUs), such as NVIDIA Tesla, Fermi, Kepler series cards which contain up to thousand cores per-chip, are widely used in the high performance computing fields. These GPU cards (called desktop GPUs) should be installed in personal computers/servers with desktop CPUs; moreover, the cost and power consumption of constructing a high performance computing platform with these desktop CPUs and GPUs are high. NVIDIA releases Tegra K1, called Jetson TK1, which contains 4 ARM Cortex-A15 CPUs and 192 CUDA cores (Kepler GPU) and is an embedded board with low cost, low power consumption and high applicability advantages for embedded applications. NVIDIA Jetson TK1 becomes a new research direction. Hence, in this paper, a bioinformatics platform was constructed based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1. ClustalWtk and MCCtk tools for sequence alignment and compound comparison were designed on this platform, respectively. Moreover, the web and mobile services for these two tools with user friendly interfaces also were provided. The experimental results showed that the cost-performance ratio by NVIDIA Jetson TK1 is higher than that by Intel XEON E5-2650 CPU and NVIDIA Tesla K20m GPU card.

A Weighted Routing Scheme for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Rajeev Tripathi ◽  
Sudarshan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Path Discovery

The WSNs replace the medium of communication from wired to wireless in industrial environment. This offer several advantages that includes easy and fast installation, low-cost maintenance and energy saving. In industrial monitoring and control application, the sensory measures should be delivered to control center in predefined deadline time, so the necessary actions may timely initiated. The geographical routing as reactive routing protocol plays a massive role for real-time packet delivery. The proposed routing protocol follows path discovery on demand basis to reduce the path discovery overhead. Moreover, the routing protocol follows weighted forwarding node selection process. This selects the shorter path over speedy reliable links for smaller deadline time and distributes the traffic over energy efficient node for larger deadline time. Through simulation, the authors demonstrate, compared to existing routing protocol the proposed routing protocol improves the packet delivery ratio along with enhanced network life while maintaining the high energy efficiency and low delivery latency.

Concurrent Tolerance Design Based on Manufacturing Cost and Quality Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4996-4999
Author(s):  
Zhang Rong
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Tolerance Design ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design And Manufacture

With the constraints on manufacturing capacity, the satisfaction of product performance and the cost of manufacture are contradictory, the problem between high-performance and low-cost must be solved at the period of design and manufacture for product. To solve this problem, the product loss model has been analyzed, the parameterized and non-parameterized model of anticipant losses has been researched, with concurrent design, in connection with the product with multiple correlated assembly functional dimensions, the relation function between quality loss and process dimension tolerance has been provided, the concurrent tolerance design mathematical model based on lowest-cost and quality loss has been established. The applied case shows that this method has important guiding significance for engineering application.

Approaches to the Design and Processing of Novel Titanium Alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Colleen J. Bettles ◽  
Rimma Lapovok ◽  
H.P. Ng ◽  
Dacian Tomus ◽  
Barry C. Muddle
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Shape Processing ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques

The range of commercial titanium alloys available is currently extremely restricted, with one alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), and derivatives of it, accounting for a very large proportion of all applications. High performance alloys are costly to fabricate and limited to low-volume applications that can sustain the cost. With the emergence of new processing technologies that promise to reduce significantly the cost of production of titanium metal, especially in powder form, there is an emerging imperative for cost-effective near net shape powder processing techniques to permit the benefit of reduced metal cost to be passed on to higher-volume applications. Equally, there is a need for the design and development of new alloys that are intrinsically low-cost and lend themselves to fabrication by novel cost-effective net shape processing. The approaches that might be used to select, design and process both conventional alloys and novel alloy systems will be reviewed, with a focus on innovation in design of low-cost alloys amenable to new processing paths and increasingly tolerant of variability in composition.

scholarly journals Enhancing SDN WISE with Slicing Over TSCH

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Federico Orozco-Santos ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá ◽  
Teresa Albero-Albero ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Channel Hopping ◽  
Industrial Level

IWSNs (Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks) have become the next step in the evolution of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) due to the nature and demands of modern industry. With this type of network, flexible and scalable architectures can be created that simultaneously support traffic sources with different characteristics. Due to the great diversity of application scenarios, there is a need to implement additional capabilities that can guarantee an adequate level of reliability and that can adapt to the dynamic behavior of the applications in use. The use of SDNs (Software Defined Networks) extends the possibilities of control over the network and enables its deployment at an industrial level. The signaling traffic exchanged between nodes and controller is heavy and must occupy the same channel as the data traffic. This difficulty can be overcome with the segmentation of the traffic into flows, and correct scheduling at the MAC (Medium Access Control) level, known as slices. This article proposes the integration in the SDN controller of a traffic manager, a routing process in charge of assigning different routes according to the different flows, as well as the introduction of the Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) Scheduler. In addition, the TSCH (Time Slotted Channel Hopping) is incorporated in the SDN-WISE framework (Software Defined Networking solution for Wireless Sensor Networks), and this protocol has been modified to send the TSCH schedule. These elements are jointly responsible for scheduling and segmenting the traffic that will be sent to the nodes through a single packet from the controller and its performance has been evaluated through simulation and a testbed. The results obtained show how flexibility, adaptability, and determinism increase thanks to the joint use of the routing process and the TSCH Scheduler, which makes it possible to create a slicing by flows, which have different quality of service requirements. This in turn helps guarantee their QoS characteristics, increase the PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) for the flow with the highest priority, maintain the DMR (Deadline Miss Ratio), and increase the network lifetime.

scholarly journals Implementation of Quantum Gates using MATLAB

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3693-3699
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Logic ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
Quantum Gates ◽  
Quantum Logic Gates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effective Result

Now days we require low cost and high performance computational based applications. Quantum inspired computational device or circuit performs effective result compare to classical based devices. In the development of quantum-based devices and network needs number of quantum logic gates. Here we studied mathematical description of different types of single and multiple qubits-based quantum logic gates, the reversibility property of quantum gates also proved mathematically. We analyze the cost and effectiveness of each quantum gates has been implemented using neural network with the help of MATLAB. The cost and effectiveness of quantum gates has been analyzed with the comparison of different types of activation function.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis and Fabrication of Battery Holder for Two Wheelers

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-131
Author(s):  
K. N Chethan ◽  
V Sabarinathan ◽  
R Vivek Ram ◽  
G. T Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
Injection Moulding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Nylon 66 ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
The Impact

The high-performance plastics usage is increasing in the automobile field because of its advantages over other metals and alloys. Corrosion resistance, light weight, low cost, flexibility in design are the major advantages of plastics above the conventional metallic materials. In this paper a metal version component converted into plastic version in order to increase efficiency, reduce the overall cost of a two-wheeler and to improve the production rate of component. Different types of material such as PP + 15% TALC, PP + 30% GF, PP + 30% TALC, Nylon 6 + 15% GF, Nylon 66 UF, Nylon 6 UF, Nylon 66 + 30% GF, ASA LI941 and ASA LI913 tested for 10,000km road test, vibration test and fitment test. An injection moulding used to produce the component and ‘Mouldx3D’ software was used for mould flow analysis and other simulation. The different parts of injection moulding tool made up of C45, P20 and D2 materials. Among different materials, ASA LI913 was selected since it has better weather resistance than others and the impact strength matched to metal version component. Finally, it was found that the cost of the component made of Plastic considerably less than same component made of metal.

scholarly journals A low-cost, high-performance video-based binocular eye tracker for psychophysical research

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Ivanchenko ◽  
Katharina Rifai ◽  
Ziad M. Hafed ◽  
Frank Schaeffel
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Blink Detection ◽  
Fixation Points ◽  
The Cost

We describe a high-performance, pupil-based binocular eye tracker that approaches the performance of a well-established commercial system, but at a fraction of the cost. The eye tracker is built from standard hardware components, and its software (written in Visual C++) can be easily implemented. Because of its fast and simple linear calibration scheme, the eye tracker performs best in the central 10 degrees of the visual field. The eye tracker possesses a number of useful features: (1) automated calibration simultaneously in both eyes while subjects fixate four fixation points sequentially on a computer screen, (2) automated real-time continuous analysis of measurement noise, (3) automated blink detection, (4) and real-time analysis of pupil centration artifacts. This last feature is critical because it is known that pupil diameter changes can be erroneously registered by pupil-based trackers as a change in eye position. We evaluated the performance of our system against that of a well-established commercial system using simultaneous measurements in 10 participants. We propose our low-cost eye tracker as a promising resource for studies of binocular eye movements.

scholarly journals Design of a new rotary dobby mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (06) ◽  
pp. 429-433
Author(s):  
CAN ÖZGÜN ◽  
ABDULLA GABİL
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Drive Mechanism ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Working Performance ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Oscillating Motion

Special cam mechanisms which require advanced technology are used in the drive mechanism of nowadays rotary dobbies. Electromagnets are generally preferred in the selection mechanisms which increase the cost of production and make the maintenance more difficult. This work aims to design a new rotary dobby different from the other dobbies. First of all, the design and synthesis of a new drive mechanism with eight members, equal and double standby at 180° oscillating motion was developed. The results of the research revealed that both the theoretical and the experimental values of the waiting angles of drive mechanism are compatible with each other. Thus, it has been proposed that designed mechanism can be used instead of the special cams mechanisms in the rotary dobbies. Pneumatic pistons and locks have been used in the selection mechanism of rotating dobby developed in the study. During the performence tests, it has been observed that the pneumatic piston and locks can be used instead of the electromagnets by providing that they work in harmony with each other. As a conclusion, when the working performance of dobby was observed, it was confirmed that dobby worked with a high performance and durably with all of its mechanisms. Additionally the shedding process was precisely carried out. Finally a new rotary dobby which was easy to construct with low cost has been designed and produced.

scholarly journals Fabrication of 6DOF Hexflex Positioner with Integrated Strain Sensing Using Non-Lithographically-Based Microfabrication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Panas ◽  
Martin Culpepper
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Average Unit ◽  
The Cost

Abstract A process flow is described for the low cost, flexible fabrication of metal MEMS with high performance integrated sensing. The process is capable of producing new designs in ≈ 1 week at an average unit cost of <$1k/device even at batch sizes of ≈ 1-10, with expected sensing performance limits of about 135dB over a 10khz sensor bandwidth. This is a ≈20x reduction in cost, ≈25x reduction in time, and potentially >30x increase in sensing dynamic range over comparable state-of-the-art compliant nanopositioners. The Non-Lithographically Based Microfabriction (NLBM) process is uniquely suited to create high performance nanopositioning architectures which are customizable to the positioning requirements of a range of nanoscale applications. These can significantly reduce the cost of nanomanufacturing research and development, as well as accelerate the development of new processes and the testing of fabrication process chains without excess capital investment. A 6-DOF flexural nanopositioner with integrated sensing for all 6-DOF was fabricated using the newly developed process chain. The fabrication process was measured to have ≈30µm alignment. Sensor arm, flexure, and trace widths of 150µm, 150µm and 800µm, respectively, were demonstrated. Process capabilities suggest lower bounds of 25 µm, 50µm and 100µm, respectively. Dynamic range sensing of 52dB was demonstrated for the nanopositioner over a 10kHz sensor bandwidth. Improvements are proposed to approach sensor performance of 132dB over a 10kHz sensor bandwidth.

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