scholarly journals Unveiling the Dynamics of the European Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions over the Last Two Decades: A Cluster Analysis

Axioms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Eliana Costa e Silva ◽  
Aldina Correia ◽  
Ana Borges
Keyword(s):  
Home Country ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global Project

Entrepreneurship is a theme of global interest, and it is the subject of investigations conducted by many researchers and projects. In particular, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project is a global project that involves several countries and years of surveys on entrepreneurship indicators. This study focuses on the 12 indicators of the entrepreneurial ecosystem defined by the Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (EFCs). The EFCs are specifically related to the quality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Using clustering techniques, the present study analyzes how European experts’ perceptions on the EFCs of their home country have changed between 2000 and 2019. The main finding is the existence of significant differences between the clusters obtained over the years and between countries. Therefore, in theoretical terms, this dynamical behavior in relation to the entrepreneurial conditions of economies should be considered in future works, namely, those concerning the definition of the number of clusters, which, according to the internal validation measures computed in this work, should be two.

scholarly journals Reduction of term in scientific theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Pavlovich Surovyagin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Multiple Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reduction Relation ◽  
Methodology Of Science ◽  
Inverse Operation

The subject of this research is the concept of reduction in logics and methodology of science. On the one hand, reduction is understood as a relation between the term and its defining expression within the scientific theory; while on the other – it represents the relation between two theories. Since the extension of theory is possible through introduction to its vocabulary of new terms by means of nominal definitions, the reduction represents an inverse operation – removing the terms from the vocabulary of the theory. At the same time, the theory itself is defined in accordance with the theoretical-multiple approach as a class of sentences closed in relation to derivability. The scientific novelty consists in examination of semantic and epistemological aspects of the formal definition of reduction. Particularly, the explication of reduction relation between two theories leans in the concept of functional equivalence of the theories. It is established that the list of basic terms of the theory can be set only conventionally. All terms introduces by the means of nominal definitions turn out to be reducible. Therefore, a distinctive feature of theoretical terms is the possibility of its reduction.

The production of a plane surface, as illustrated by specula from some early Newtonian telescopes

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Plane Surface ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Precision Engineering ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Secondary Mirror ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

THE construction of accurate paraboloidal mirrors for reflecting telescopes has been the subject of much attention from physicists, practical opticians, and historians of science. However, the paraboloidal primary must be combined with a secondary mirror to give any form of working telescope other than the Herschelian design, and the quality of this secondary is every bit as important to the definition of the final image. In the Newtonian reflector the secondary mirror takes the form of a plane surface of elliptical outline. Historical specula therefore provide a practical record of attempts to achieve a perfectly flat solid surface— an undertaking which has often proved more difficult than making mirrors of a curved figure. Plane surfaces were subsequently required in many optical instruments besides telescopes, such as prisms and diffraction gratings. Then, in the early decades of the nineteenth century, another field of application was created when Maudslay, Whitworth and others realized the need for accurately flat surfaces in precision engineering and toolmaking. To test their products and ensure interchangeability they had to produce plane surfaces upon cast iron ‘surface plates’ and the hardened steel anvils of screw micrometers.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL BASES OF EXPERT PREVENTION: CONCEPT AND TASKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
N. Filipenko ◽  
O. Uhrovetskyi ◽  
O. Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes conceptual foundations, views and ideas concerning the essence of expert prevention. The relationship between the concepts of «prevention» and «prevention», which is in contact with each other, is investigated, because one of the main problems of the criminal investigation of the phenomenon of expert prevention is the ambiguity of both scientific understanding and the practical application of the corresponding conceptual-categorical apparatus. It is emphasized that the essence of expert prevention is the influence of the relevant subjects on crime through the use of special professional knowledge. That is, to the subject of forensic examination, should include studies of circumstances on the basis of which can be and should be developed scientific, organizational and technical measures of preventive nature. Proven that among the tasks of preventive nature, which can be solved by the staff of judicial-expert institutions, the development of aimed at forecasting in criminalistic aspects of circumstances contributing to the commission of crimes, taking into account the possibilities of certain types of expert research, should occupy an important place. It is proved that the preventive activities of forensic institutions of Ukraine should be carried out: in the production of examinations in specific criminal, administrative or civil cases; by summarizing expert, as well as forensic investigative practices; in the process of research on expert prevention; by providing on the basis of special knowledge of scientific and practical assistance to government agencies and public organizations in identifying circumstances conducive to the commission of crimes. In order to improve the quality of expert-preventive activities, the staff of the forensic institutions of Ukraine should pay maximum attention to the promotion of preventive activities among representatives of law enforcement and law enforcement agencies. On the basis of the analysis, the author’s definition of expert prevention is given: the activity of a forensic expert based on the laws and by-laws of normative legal acts, aimed at revealing the circumstances contributing to the commission of a crime, and the development of measures for their elimination with the use of special knowledge.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DETERMINATION OF THE COST OF PLANTS CERTAIN KINDS WHEN CARRYING OUT FORENSIC MERCHANDISING EXAMINATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
О. S. Obolentseva-Krasivska
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Market Relations

Flowers, ornamental plants, planting material (saplings) and other plants with regard to which the market with possibility of carrying out independent adequate marketing was formed, are the subject of evaluation by the experts in field of forensic merchandising. With the development of the market and market relations such goods as flowers, planting material and others are increasingly encashed in the market of Ukraine and become the objects of forensic merchandising examinations and expert researches. Special feature of merchandising researches of the plant origin objects is the use of the comprehensive approach to the estimation of their quality and cost. Researches are carried out with the purpose of determination of properties, consumer value, conformity to standards and specifications of plants certain kinds. When studying a considerable variety of flower plants, one distinguishes scientific and industrial classifications. In merchandising flowers industrial classification of flower ornamental plants which provides distribution of flower plants to the separate groups similar on biological properties, the agricultural technician of cultivation and practical application in gardening is used. During carrying out merchandising examinations on an establishment of consumer properties of certain kinds plants, namely establishments organoleptic indicators of quality and quantity of flower decorative production given for research, the expert checks conformity of this production to requirements of normative and technical documents. Requirements to quality of flower production are normalised by standards depending on production kind – cutf lowers, pottery blossoming plants, pottery decorative sheet plants, sprouts of flower decorative production, planting material, seeds of flower ornamental plants. At carrying out merchandising researches of flower decorative production, plants and saplings it’s necessary for merchandising experts to pay special attention on definition of quality indicators and a grade of plants according to standards, and also to consider data concerning age of a plant, novelty of a grade and origin country of production.

scholarly journals Empathy in nursing. Assumptions, practice and its empirical determinants

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Danuta Zarzycka ◽  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Beata Dobrowolska ◽  
Alina Deluga ◽  
Alina Trojanowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Special Relations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quality Of Nursing

Abstract Introduction. In the subject literature there were five conceptual dimensions of empathy defined which were specified as a human trait, the basis of professional work, communication process, a manifestation of concern and the special relations. Empathy is the essence of understanding the other person in nursing. The empathic competences have a significant meaning for building caring and therapeutic relations in the work of nurses.Aim. An indication of the essence of empathy in nursing in the aspect of theoretical assumptions and practical activities together with its selected empirical determinants.Method. Topic and unsystematic review of literature looking at the last 30 years. The analysis carried out by the authors of the research included 55 sources.Results. The study of empathy in nursing quite often used the concept formulated by Neuman team and a definition of empathy coined by Mercer and Reynolds, resulting from the concept : “Empathy involves ability (…) (a) to understand the perspective of patient’s situation and feelings and related meanings; (b) conveying information about understanding patient’s state and checking their determinants; and (c) to act within the closeness agreement with a patient in the way consistent with the therapeutic assumptions. Research studies indicate that nurses in general have quite high levels of empathy which positively influences the process of communication with patients and their families and dealing with patients who have psychosocial problems.Summary. Empathy model most often used in nursing is based on the relations in the communication process. Empathy has positive influence over the quality of relations between nurses and patients, as well as the quality of nursing care. The empathic competences of nurses require system education and professional development with use of training and other active forms.

scholarly journals Remote tax controlling in the digital economy as a necessary time requirement for optimizing the activities of tax authorities

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Deeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of

The subject/topic. The article is devoted to the consideration of a new form of tax controlling, its transition to a qualitatively new level with emphasis on the benefits of the remote format of tax controlling in the context of digitalization of economic activity, as well as its impact on improving the work of tax authorities. Goals/objectives. The aim of the work is to disclose the essence of the concepts of «digital economy» and «remote tax controlling» and the advantages of using it to optimize the activities of tax authorities dictated by the trend of the times. Method-ology. The author’s definition of the concept of «digital economy» is given, a comparative analysis of the advantages of full-time and remote forms of tax controlling is developed and presented, the goals of modernizing the tax system are given; the advantages of working in priority areas for identifying the reserves of the tax potential of the country's budget are described. Results. The conclusion is made about the need to optimize the activities of tax authorities. The main advantages of using such a tool as remote tax controlling are highlighted. It was added that such a measure would also be an excellent solution both in order to achieve a balanced and stable territorial budget, and to reduce interregional differences in the level and quality of life of Russians. The paper also discloses a list of information technologies implemented in the activities of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and de-scribes the benefits of switching to digital accounting methods. Conclusions/significance. The necessity of the transition to the method of remote tax con-trolling is substantiated, which facilitates the work of specialists in particular and regulatory authorities in general. A number of advantages are described when implementing this tool, including temporary savings, and an increase in the reliability and completeness of the data obtained. Application. The remote tax controlling tool considered in the article can be used both to improve the strategies of the executive authorities and to improve control over the implementation of national projects of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The Dichotomy of the Contemplative and Active Attitude to the World in I. S. Turgenev

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-238
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav M. Golovko
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Don Quixote ◽  
The World ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Attitude ◽  
Scientific Reflection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

<p>The subject of scientific reflection is the contemplation and action as ways of the human attitude to the world, existence, substantiated and accomplished in the ontology of human life by I.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Turgenev, thinker and artist. The presence of a &ldquo;thought&rdquo; and &ldquo;will&rdquo;, consciousness and action, knowledge and transformation is considered by the writer as a fundamental characteristic of the human way of existence, which becomes the semantic core of the philosophical and anthropological concept of the article-speech &ldquo;Hamlet and Don Quixote&rdquo; (1860), fundamental for the research on Turgenev's creative work at the level of historical poetics. The activity approach to the person, strengthened at the turn of the classical and non-classical stages of development of philosophical thought,&nbsp;&mdash; the time of formation of Turgenev&rsquo;s world outlook, explains converging of the points of opposite &ldquo;native types&rdquo;, their transition from the ideal existence into the real one, their equally weighted opposition to the &ldquo;evil and lies&rdquo;. As a result, according to Turgenev's view the images of Hamlet and Don Quixote come together on the ground of &ldquo;worship to the Truth&rdquo; and the &ldquo;idea of high merits&rdquo; of the individual, in which the human &ldquo;nature&rdquo; and &ldquo;quintessence&rdquo; are objectified. Therefore, the analysis of the hamletian and don-quijotian types could be carried out by Turgenev just within the universal socio-cosmic lay of the interrelation of the opposites inherent in centripetal and centrifugal natural forces and their tendency to synthesis. The &ldquo;tragic aspect of human life&rdquo; engendered by the inaccessibility of such synthesis may be overcome by means of comprehension of the Truth, the &ldquo;true meaning of nature&rdquo;. Moreover, Turgenev&rsquo;s ontological idea of the &ldquo;Conciliation and absorbtion of everything existing in the other&rdquo;, argued at the attitudinal and aesthetic levels, is the basis for the definition of the meaning of human life. This meaning is found in the balance between the content of all human life and the world, society, other people in the name of the &ldquo;ideal&rdquo;, establishment of the truth and justice. Hence, contemplation and action as forms of a morally responsible attitude to life in Turgenev&rsquo;s artistic ontology are directly related to the problem of &ldquo;high levels&rdquo; and quality of human existence.</p>

scholarly journals Geographical assessment of region’s parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
N A Ivanishcheva ◽  
A V Sedova
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Environment ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Abstract The variety of geographical studies of a region is as great as the diversity of its “portrait” – characteristics and phenomena associated with it. A region has never been considered in isolation from its synonymous concept “district”. The most common interpretations of ‘region’ in the scientific environment and in the information space, its generally accepted definition remains the subject of scientific research, disputes and discussion. In accordance with the tradition established in recent years, the minimum administrative-territorial area in the territory, called a region, is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The article analyses foreign and domestic studies of the definition of a region, clarifies the author’s interpretation, and evaluates the parameters of the territorial taxon. The main problems of common features of the visualization of a region, its attractiveness, socio-economic factors of the vital activity of the population (standard of living, living conditions, quality of life), attitude to their region from the point of view of substantiation of their genesis and subjectivity of parameters are formulated. The article presents the results of a sociological survey conducted within the framework of quantitative-qualitative methodology among the respondents of the Volga Federal District. The analytical assessment of the most mass responses of the survey participants is given, visualized in the form of graphs.

scholarly journals Formation of “Safety” Terminology (Technosphere)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Федорец ◽  
Aleksandr Fedorets
Keyword(s):  
Subject Area ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Legal Term ◽  
Adequate Definition ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Domain Concept

Safety, along with freedom, is one of the most important indicators of the quality of our lives. But it is difficult to find a word in the Russian language, which, though used just as often, includes less specific meaning. The problem is that in the light of objective expansion of the &#34;content&#34; of the concept of &#34;security&#34; its &#34;volume&#34; in strict accordance with the rules of logic approaches zero. If possible, a more adequate definition of such fundamental concept as &#34;security&#34; should be seen as return of &#34;volume.&#34; The definition cannot be given in isolation from domain concept most closely associated with technosphere, from other concepts and relationships between concepts of technosphere security. Assessing the adequacy of the described definition (definitions) of the subject area is only possible with system approach — in connection with the other terms of terminology. Logically, the same should be addressed to the formation of scientific and technical terminology of the subject area to avoid isolated definitions, and to form separate terms and their definitions within a coherent terminological system. An example of the wrong approach to the formation of the terminology is the Introduction into the Labour Code of the Russian Federation of a new legal term &#34;occupational hazard&#34;, which did not work in this new subject area without its content and volume. Therefore, on the example of the concept of &#34;security&#34; the author proposed and demonstrated the methodology of formation of terminological concept of &#34;security&#34; (in technosphere) based on a model called the &#34;puzzle of concepts.&#34;

scholarly journals On the necessity of a single approach to written medical expert conclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
I. A. Evteeva ◽  
S. V. Shigeev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Single Approach ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the study was to study the available approaches to the formulation and quality control of forensic medical expert conclusions. We have studied the literature sources containing recommendations on drawing up expert opinions and improving their quality. After a selection of scientific publications and publications on the subject matter with the help of a descriptive method, the article presents the existing approaches to this problem. As a result of the conducted research, the absence of any general objective requirements for expert conclusions was revealed. The development of unified standards for writing and the definition of “signs of quality” of expert conclusions is a promising task of forensic science and practice, the solution of which will improve the quality of examinations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document