scholarly journals Ecological-Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) in Aquatic Sediments from the ASEAN-5 Emerging Developing Countries: A Review and Synthesis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Chee Kong Yap ◽  
Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
Aquatic Sediments ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Very High

The ASEAN-5 countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam) of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations as a group is an ever-increasing major economy developmental hub in Asia besides having wealthy natural resources. However, heavy metal (HM) pollution in the region is of increasing environmental and public concern. This study aimed to review and compile the concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the aquatic sediments of the ASEAN-5 countries published in the literature from 1981 to February 2021. The mean values of Cu, Pb, and Zn in aquatic sediments were elevated and localized in high human activity sites and compared to the earth’s upper continental crust and reference values. Based on 176 reports from 113 publications, the ranges of concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) were 0.09–3080 for Cu, 0.37–4950 for Zn, and 0.07–2666 for Pb. The ecological risk (ER) values ranged from 0.02–1077 for Cu, 0.01–95.2 for Zn, and 0.02–784 for Pb. All reports (100%) showed the Zn ER values were categorized as being between ‘low potential ecological risk’ and ‘considerable potential ecological risk’. Almost all Cu ER values (97.7%) also showed similar ranges of the above two risk categories except for a few reports. The highest Cu level (3080 mg/kg dry weight) was reported from a mine-tailing spill in Marinduque Island of the Philippines with ‘very high ecological risk’. In addition, drainage sediments in the western part of Peninsular Malaysia were categorized as Cu ’high potential ecological risk’. Almost all reports (96%) showed Pb ER values categorized as between ‘low potential ecological risk’ and ‘moderate potential ecological risk’ except for a few reports. Six reports showed Pb ER values of ‘considerable potential ecological risk’, while one report from Semarang (Indonesia) showed Pb ER of ‘very high ecological risk’ (Pb level of 2666 mg/kg dry weight). For the ingestion and dermal contact pathways for sediments from the ASEAN-5 countries, all non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) values (HI values 1.0) for Cu, Pb, and Zn reflected no NCR. The ER and human health risk assessment of Cu, Pb, and Zn were compared in an integrative and accurate manner after we reassessed the HM data mentioned in the literature. The synthesis carried out in this review provided the basis for us to consider Cu, Pb, and Zn as being of localized elevated levels. This provided evidence for the ASEAN-5 group of countries to be considered as being a new socio-economic corridor. Beyond any reasonable doubt, an ever-increasing anthropogenic input of HMs is to be expected to a certain degree. We believe that this paper provides the most fundamental useful baseline data for the future management and sustainable development of the aquatic ecosystems in the region. Lastly, we claim that this review is currently the most up-to-date review on this topic in the literature.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF SOME SINGLE AND INTEGRATED INDEX EQUATION TO ASSESS HEAVY METAL IN DIFFERENT SOILS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-875
Author(s):  
Aweez & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Integrated Index ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cu And Zn

The aim of this study was to application of some single and integrated index equation to assess heavy metal in different soil within Erbil governorate. The 15 different locations (Bahare new, Newroz, New Hawler, Hesarok, Azadi1, Zen city, Atconz city, Pank village, Binaslawa, Darato, Qushtapa, Shaways, Kasnazan, Bahirka, Pirzin) were specifically selected to identify the effects of traffic activities on soil properties. Different heavy metal distribution patterns (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn) were determined from distance 5, 25, 50m roadside. Soil pollution was assessed using many indices including: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), Ecological Risk Factor and Potential Ecological Risk Index.The results showed that concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in street dust ranged from (4.60, 1.80, 217.83, 62.14 and 215.18) mg.kg-1 which recorded in Qushtapa, Kasnazan, Atconze city, Hasarok5 and Zen city respectively. The contamination factor  and degree of contamination of  the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu ,and Zn of soil samples was indicating considerable contamination factor for Qushtapa moderate contamination factor for Kasnazan, while Atconze city, Hasarok5, Zen city showed very high contamination factor, while degree of contamination considerable low degree of contamination. According to the ecological risk factor and RI results Qwshtapa was indicate as low potential ecological risk, Kasnazan had moderate potential ecological risk while Hasarok5 and Zen city considerable high potential ecological risk, except Atconze considerable very high ecological risk, on the other hand for RI index shown considerable very high ecological risk recorded in Hasarok 5 soil samples.

scholarly journals Implications of Soil Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination, Distribution and Health Risk at Hunan’s Xikuangshan Mine

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Jing Bai ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Weiyin Liu ◽  
Guohong Xiang ◽  
Yu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Hunan Province

A field survey was conducted to determine the pollution grade, sources, potential ecological risk, and health risk of soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Xikuangshan Mine (XKS), the largest antimony (Sb) deposit in the world. A total of 106 topsoil samples were collected from 6 sites in XKS to measure the concentrations of PTEs Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, and Sb. The results show that the average concentrations of these elements at all six sites were generally greater than their corresponding background values in Hunan province, especially Sb, Hg, and As. Correlation and principal component analyses suggested that Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Sb were primarily released from mining and other industrial and human activities, while Cr and As were mainly impacted by the parent material from pedogenesis. A risk index analysis showed that, overall, sites were at very high ecological risk, and Sb is the highest ecological risk factor, followed by Cd and Hg. According to health risk assessment, oral ingestion is the main non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk exposure route. The higher potentially non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks happen to the local children who live in the vicinity of mining area. It revealed that the mining and smelting processes of XKS have negatively influenced the local people, therefore, we should pay increasing attention to this practical issue and take effective measures to protect the ecology of XKS.

scholarly journals As-Hg Compound Pollution: Rice Growth, Yield, and Environmental Safety Limits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2868
Author(s):  
Mengzhuo Cao ◽  
Shanying He ◽  
Ejazul Islam ◽  
Chunlai Hong ◽  
Weiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Quality Control Criteria ◽  
Control Criteria ◽  
Risk Limits ◽  
Trial Implementation ◽  
Implementation Trial

With rapid economic and industrial development, the potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution of farmlands in China has become increasingly serious. Based on the Hakanson potential ecological risk index (RI) and national food pollutant limit standards (GB 2762-2017), the effects of exogenous potentially toxic elements (PTEs), i.e., arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg), on rice growth were studied. Common varieties of hybrid (YY 538, CY 84) and conventional (XS 134, JH 218) rice were grown in pots having representative paddy soil from Zhejiang Province, China. The results showed that As and Hg in soil significantly inhibited growth; however, the plant height of hybrid rice was less affected. Further, there were significant correlations between concentrations of PTEs in soil and rice grains; however, hybrid rice had a stronger ability to absorb and accumulate PTEs. The comprehensive potential ecological RI of soil PTEs was 39.4–89.9, which is below the level of ‘minor ecological hazard’, and the contribution rate of Hg was 79.9%–84.2%; as such, Hg posed the greatest potential ecological risk in the study area. The ecological risk limits of As and Hg in the safe production of different rice varieties decreased in the order XS 134 > JH 218 > YY 538 > CY 84. The ecological risk limits of As and Hg for conventional rice were higher, and the risk limits of As and Hg for hybrid rice were lower, than the limit of the soil environmental quality assessment index in the national “Soil quality control criteria for soil pollution in agricultural land (for trial implementation) (Trial)” (GB15618-2018). The health risk limit of soil As in the typical paddy soil of China decreased in the order XS 134 > JH 218 > CY 84 > YY 538. The health risk limit of Hg decreased in the order XS 134 > JH 218 > YY 538 > CY 84. The health risk limit of As was lower, whereas the risk limit of Hg was higher, than the limit of the soil environmental quality evaluation index in the national “Soil quality control criteria for soil pollution in agricultural land (for trial implementation) (Trial)”(GB15618-2018).

scholarly journals POLLUTION BLOOM: AN APPRAISAL OF THE HAZARDOUS EFFECTS OF MINING OF PRECIOUS STONES IN ZAMFARA STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Doris Fovwe Ogeleka ◽  
Godswill Igoni Alaminiokuma
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
P Values ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Very High

In this appraisal, heavy metal concentrations in soils from Zamfara State were enumerated approximately a decade after the lead poisoning saga using indexes of pollution. The area is enhancement with valuable ores and minerals including gold making mining the most lucrative business in the area. The soils were moderate to slightly basic with a pH range from 6.49 ± 0.12 to 7.96 ± 0.15 (water) and 6.15 ± 0.10 to 7.80 ± 0.17 (KCl). Contamination / pollution (C/P) values reported for cadmium, lead, zinc and copper was 42.66, 0.59, 0.85 and 3.04 in the respective order (severe contamination to excessive pollution). The contamination factor (CF) was greater than the highest factor of 6, indicating very high contamination. The calculated values for geochemical accumulation (Igeo) and ecological risk factor (ERf) for Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu was (19.26, 0.27, 0.38, 1.37) and (1280, 2.95, 0.85, 15.2) respectively while the potential ecological risk index (ERi) was 1299, indicating that the soils were perturbed (polluted). Considering the deleterious effects heavy metals could cause and the resultant health implications, there is need to further remediate the polluted areas so as to avert harm to organisms and humans would consume crops grown in such environment.

Trace element concentrations in the tissues of cetaceans from Hong Kong's territorial waters

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C.M. PARSONS
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Chinese Waters ◽  
Neophocaena Phocaenoides ◽  
Sousa Chinensis ◽  
Toxicological Significance

There have been few studies of trace elements in cetaceans from Chinese waters despite considerable potential for contamination by this class of pollutant. Between 1993 and 1996, blubber, liver and/or kidney tissues were collected from 11 Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and 20 finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) stranded in Hong Kong. These tissues were analysed for 12 trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn and Zn). In general, concentrations of trace elements were similar to those of other cetacean populations and were deemed not to be of any toxicological significance. However, concentrations of mercury in the liver tissues of certain individuals were at levels which could constitute a health risk to the animals (up to 906 mg g-1 dry weight). Cadmium, mercury and selenium were observed to bio-accumulate with age, whereas concentrations of copper were highest in neonatal animals.

scholarly journals Deposited Particulate Matter Enrichment in Heavy Metals and Related Health Risk: A Case Study of Krakow, Poland

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The aim of these investigations was to determine the impact of heavy metals bound with deposited particulate matter (PM) on contamination degree and related toxicological effects by calculating enrichment indices, namely, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and enrichment factor (EF), as well as the ecological risk index (ERI) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ). Calculations were made based on the selected element concentrations determined in deposited PM samples in Krakow. The results of the investigations revealed that deposited PM was enriched in heavy metals. As Igeo provides information on the level of metal accumulation, it was found that deposited PM was practically uncontaminated with Be, Cd, and Tl (class 0) but heavily to extremely contaminated (class 5) with Co and Sn and extremely contaminated (class 6) with As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn. On the other hand, the calculated values of CF revealed very high contamination of deposited PM with Cd and Zn, considerable contamination with Sn, Pb, and As, and moderate contamination with Cu and Li. Values of calculated EF revealed that among the investigated elements, only Zn originated from anthropogenic sources. For Cd, a small influence of anthropogenic sources was observed. For Pb and Sn, non-crustal sources of emission were expected. The calculated ERI values indicated potential ecological risk levels that were very high for Cd and considerable for Zn, as well as low potential ecological risk for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Tl. Moreover, the calculated mHQ values of severity of contamination were extreme for Zn, considerable for Cr, and moderate for As, Cu, and Pb. The analysis revealed that the impact of atmospheric and re-suspended PM on inhabitants constitutes a complex effect of a mixture of heavy metals simultaneously affecting human health.

scholarly journals Ecological and Health Risk Assessments of an Abandoned Gold Mine (Remance, Panama): Complex Scenarios Need a Combination of Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9369
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina González-Valoys ◽  
José María Esbrí ◽  
Juan Antonio Campos ◽  
Jonatha Arrocha ◽  
Eva María García-Noguero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Gold Mine

The derelict Remance gold mine is a possible source of pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In the study area, diverse mine waste has been left behind and exposed to weather conditions, and poses risks for soil, plants and water bodies, and also for the health of local inhabitants. This study sought to perform an ecological and health risk assessment of derelict gold mining areas with incomplete remediation, including: (i) characterizing the geochemical distribution of PTEs; (ii) assessing ecological risk by estimating the pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (RI); (iii) assessing soil health by dehydrogenase activity; and iv) establishing non-carcinogenic (HI) and carcinogenic risks (CR) for local inhabitants. Soil health seems to depend on not only PTE concentrations, but also on organic matter (OM). Both indexes (PLI and RI) ranged from high to extreme near mining and waste accumulation sites. As indicated by both the HI and CR results, the mining area poses a health risk for local inhabitants and particularly for children. For this reason, it will be necessary to set up environmental management programs in the areas that are most affected (tailings and surrounding areas) and accordingly establish the best remediation strategies to minimize risks for the local population.

Spatial Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Soils From Lagos Lagoon Wetlands, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeola Alex Adesuyi ◽  
Kelechi L. Njoku ◽  
Modupe O. Akinola ◽  
Dupe N. Olayinka ◽  
Olalekan A. Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Lagos Lagoon ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract Wetlands quality and spatial distribution are being threatened by anthropogenic drivers in addition to the emerging threats of climate change. In this study, selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soils from Lagos lagoon wetlands were investigated to assess spatial distribution, ecological and health risks. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using GraphPad 7.0 and SPSS 22.0. Spatial distribution mapping of heavy metals was performed using ArcGIS10.0 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) with Kriging interpolation. Results showed that heavy metals in the soil varied significantly (p<0.05). The contamination factors (CF) were generally low with the values for Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn very low (<1). The CF values for some of the sampling points showed that the soils are generally moderately contaminated by Pb, Cd and Cu. The modified degree of contamination of Pb (2.35) indicates a moderate degree of contamination while that of Cd (12.60) indicates a high degree of contamination of these wetland soils. The potential ecological risk index (RI) of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn were 70.40, 2264.40, 0.68, 1.55, 13.65, and 2.29, respectively. The RI for Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn were less than 100, hence, low, while the RI value of Cd was a very high risk (RI ≥ 400). Soils from this wetland’s areas show serious significant potential ecological risk due to Cd. Additionally, children were more susceptible to the potential health risk irrespective of the carcinogenic or non – carcinogenic risk. There were no significant carcinogenic and non – carcinogenic risks for adults and children. This wetland assessment provided important information for policymaking to reduce the potential effects of soil contamination on humans and the eco-environment.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal-Resistant Filamentous Fungi as Potential Mercury Bioremediators

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Cristina L. Văcar ◽  
Enikö Covaci ◽  
Somsubhra Chakraborty ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
David C. Weindorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
Very High

Filamentous fungi native to heavy metals (HMs) contaminated sites have great potential for bioremediation, yet are still often underexploited. This research aimed to assess the HMs resistance and Hg remediation capacity of fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of plants resident on highly Hg-contaminated substrate. Analysis of Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations by X-ray spectrometry generated the ecological risk of the rhizosphere soil. A total of 32 HM-resistant fungal isolates were molecularly identified. Their resistance spectrum for the investigated elements was characterized by tolerance indices (TIs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Clustering analysis of TIs was coupled with isolates’ phylogeny to evaluate HMs resistance patterns. The bioremediation potential of five isolates’ live biomasses, in 100 mg/L Hg2+ aqueous solution over 48 h at 120 r/min, was quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. New species or genera that were previously unrelated to Hg-contaminated substrates were identified. Ascomycota representatives were common, diverse, and exhibited varied HMs resistance spectra, especially towards the elements with ecological risk, in contrast to Mucoromycota-recovered isolates. HMs resistance patterns were similar within phylogenetically related clades, although isolate specific resistance occurred. Cladosporium sp., Didymella glomerata, Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma costaricensis, and Sarocladium kiliense isolates displayed very high MIC (mg/L) for Hg (140–200), in addition to Pb (1568), Cu (381), Zn (2092–2353), or Cd (337). The Hg biosorption capacity of these highly Hg-resistant species ranged from 33.8 to 54.9 mg/g dry weight, with a removal capacity from 47% to 97%. Thus, the fungi identified herein showed great potential as bioremediators for highly Hg-contaminated aqueous substrates.

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