scholarly journals Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNAs by Statins in Atherosclerosis

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Diamantis I. Tsilimigras ◽  
Sofia-Iris Bibli ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Despina N. Perrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Plaque Destabilization

Despite increased public health awareness, atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Significant variations in response to statin treatment have been noted among different populations suggesting that the efficacy of statins may be altered by both genetic and environmental factors. The existing literature suggests that certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) might be up- or downregulated among patients with atherosclerosis. LncRNA may act on multiple levels (cholesterol homeostasis, vascular inflammation, and plaque destabilization) and exert atheroprotective or atherogenic effects. To date, only a few studies have investigated the interplay between statins and lncRNAs known to be implicated in atherosclerosis. The current review characterizes the role of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis and summarizes the available evidence related to the effect of statins in regulating lncRNAs.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Pituitary Gland Tumors and Meningioma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5987
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Atefe Abak ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Guive Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which are involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. LncRNAs that participate in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors mainly serve as sponges for miRNAs. CLRN1-AS1/miR-217, XIST/miR-424-5p, H19/miR-93a, LINC00473/miR-502-3p, SNHG7/miR-449a, MEG8/miR-454-3p, MEG3/miR-23b-3p, MEG3/miR-376B-3P, SNHG6/miR-944, PCAT6/miR-139-3p, lncRNA-m433s1/miR-433, TUG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-302, SNHG1/miR-372, SNHG1/miR-373, and SNHG1/miR-520 are identified lncRNA/miRNA pairs that are involved in this process. Hsa_circ_0001368 and circOMA1 are two examples of circRNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. Meanwhile, SNHG1, LINC00702, LINC00460, and MEG3 have been found to partake in the pathogenesis of meningioma. In the current review, we describe the role of non-coding RNAs in two types of brain tumors, i.e., pituitary tumors and meningioma.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aadil Yousuf ◽  
Abrar Qurashi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Axonal Loss ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an early onset chronic neurological condition in adults characterized by inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss in the central nervous system. The pathological cause of MS is complex and includes both genetic and environmental factors. Non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically miRNAs and lncRNAs, are important regulators of various biological processes. Over the past decade, many studies have investigated both miRNAs and lncRNAs in patients with MS. Since then, insightful knowledge has been gained in this field. Here, we review the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in MS pathogenesis and discuss their implications for diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA Associated with Cholesterol Homeostasis and Its Involvement in Metabolic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8337
Author(s):  
Kang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Hyeon-Ji Hwang ◽  
Je-Yoel Cho
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Component ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Cholesterol is an essential cell component that functions to create and maintain all kinds of cell membranes and lipoprotein particles. It is crucial to maintain the proper amount of cholesterol at both the cellular and systemic level. Recently, the importance of cholesterol has been reported not only in various cell development processes but also in the development of diseases. Furthermore, the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are regarded as important epigenetic regulators in gene expression, has also been reported in cholesterol homeostasis. It is thus necessary to summarize the research on lncRNAs related to cholesterol with increased interest. This review organized the role of lncRNAs according to the major issues in cholesterol homeostasis: efflux, metabolism and synthesis, and disease process.

scholarly journals Potential therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs in cholesterol homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchu Ye ◽  
Shi-Feng Huang ◽  
Lian-Jie Hou ◽  
Hai-Jiao Long ◽  
Ting Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Liver Disease Progression ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Fine Tune

Abstract Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cellular and systemic functions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a mechanism to fine-tune numerous biological processes by controlling gene expression. LncRNAs have emerged as important regulators in cholesterol homeostasis. Dysregulation of lncRNAs expression is associated with lipid-related diseases, suggesting that manipulating the lncRNAs expression could be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate liver disease progression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, given the high-abundant lncRNAs and the poor genetic conservation between species, much work is required to elucidate the specific role of lncRNAs in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. In this review, we highlighted the latest advances in the pivotal role and mechanism of lncRNAs in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. These findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in lipid-related diseases and may offer potential therapeutic targets for treating lipid-related diseases.

scholarly journals Potential Therapeutic Targeting of lncRNAs in Cholesterol Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chu Ye ◽  
Shi-Feng Huang ◽  
Lian-Jie Hou ◽  
Hai-Jiao Long ◽  
Kai Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Liver Disease Progression ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Fine Tune

Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is essential for normal cellular and systemic functions. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a mechanism to fine-tune numerous biological processes by controlling gene expression. LncRNAs have emerged as important regulators in cholesterol homeostasis. Dysregulation of lncRNAs expression is associated with lipid-related diseases, suggesting that manipulating the lncRNAs expression could be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate liver disease progression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, given the high-abundant lncRNAs and the poor genetic conservation between species, much work is required to elucidate the specific role of lncRNAs in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. In this review, we highlighted the latest advances in the pivotal role and mechanism of lncRNAs in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. These findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in lipid-related diseases and may offer potential therapeutic targets for treating lipid-related diseases.

scholarly journals Role of ADAM33 Gene and Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Asthma

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. ar.2011.2.0018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Priya Tripathi ◽  
Shally Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Asthma is a multifactorial disorder, primarily resulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. ADAM33 gene (located on chromosome 20p13) has been reported to play an important role in asthma. This review article is intended to include all of the publications, to date, which have assessed the association of ADAM33 gene polymorphisms as well as have shown the role of ADAM33 gene in airway remodeling and their expression with asthma. A PubMed search was performed for studies published between 1990 and 2010. The terms “ADAM33,” “ADAM33 gene and asthma,” and “ADAM33 gene polymorphisms” were used as search criteria. Based on available literature we can only speculate its role in the morphogenesis and functions of the lung. Fourteen studies conducted in different populations were found showing an association of ADAM33 gene polymorphisms with asthma. However, none of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADAM33 gene had found association with asthma across all ethnic groups. Because higher expression of ADAM33 is found in the fibroblast and smooth muscle cells of the lung, over- or underexpression of ADAM33 gene may result in alterations in airway remodeling and repair processes. However, no SNP of ADAM33 gene showed significant associations with asthma across all ethnic groups; the causative polymorphism, if any, still has to be identified.

scholarly journals A Review on the Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Myasthenia Gravis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12964
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Tahereh Azimi ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Reza Jalili Khoshnoud
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Multifactorial Inheritance ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Autoimmune Condition ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition related to autoantibodies against certain proteins in the postsynaptic membranes in the neuromuscular junction. This disorder has a multifactorial inheritance. The connection between environmental and genetic factors can be established by epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). XLOC_003810, SNHG16, IFNG-AS1, and MALAT-1 are among the lncRNAs with a possible role in the pathoetiology of MG. Moreover, miR-150-5p, miR-155, miR-146a-5p, miR-20b, miR-21-5p, miR-126, let-7a-5p, and let-7f-5p are among miRNAs whose roles in the pathogenesis of MG has been assessed. In the current review, we summarize the impact of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the development or progression of MG.

scholarly journals The origin of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and its role in development of atherosclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouyan He ◽  
Zhen-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of deaths and is a growing epidemic worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of heart diseases and stroke, is associated with vascular inflammation and accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries. Recently, blood trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been identified as an independent risk factor for CVD in humans. TMAO is mainly derived from dietary trimethylamine (TMA)-containing nutrients via the bioconversion of gut microbiota and hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMOs). Both in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that TMAO promotes atherogenesis by exacerbating vascular inflammation, impairing vascular functions and disturbing cholesterol homeostasis at multiple levels. This review summarizes the current research on the microbiota-dependent generation pathway of TMAO, the associations of TMAO with atherosclerosis, and the potential dietary interventions to reduce the TMAO-associated risk of CVD.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Virus Replication and Resultant Cellular Pathologies

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Hazha Hadayat Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Guive Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Antiviral Function ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Simplex Virus

Non-coding RNAs, particularly lncRNAs and miRNAs, have recently been shown to regulate different steps in viral infections and induction of immune responses against viruses. Expressions of several host and viral lncRNAs have been found to be altered during viral infection. These lncRNAs can exert antiviral function via inhibition of viral infection or stimulation of antiviral immune response. Some other lncRNAs can promote viral replication or suppress antiviral responses. The current review summarizes the interaction between ncRNAs and herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein–Barr infections. The data presented in this review helps identify viral-related regulators and proposes novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of viral infection.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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