scholarly journals A Review on the Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Myasthenia Gravis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12964
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Tahereh Azimi ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Reza Jalili Khoshnoud
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Multifactorial Inheritance ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Autoimmune Condition ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition related to autoantibodies against certain proteins in the postsynaptic membranes in the neuromuscular junction. This disorder has a multifactorial inheritance. The connection between environmental and genetic factors can be established by epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). XLOC_003810, SNHG16, IFNG-AS1, and MALAT-1 are among the lncRNAs with a possible role in the pathoetiology of MG. Moreover, miR-150-5p, miR-155, miR-146a-5p, miR-20b, miR-21-5p, miR-126, let-7a-5p, and let-7f-5p are among miRNAs whose roles in the pathogenesis of MG has been assessed. In the current review, we summarize the impact of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the development or progression of MG.

scholarly journals Role of miR-193a in Cancer: Complexity and Factors Control the Pattern of its Expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afraa Mamoori ◽  
Vinod Gopalan ◽  
Alfred K-Y Lam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Background: There is emerging data suggesting that the non-coding RNA (microRNA 193a or miR-193a) plays key roles in different types of cancers. Objective: This review aims to investigate the functional significance of miR-193a in different cancers according to the information of literature. Method: All the literature concerning miR-193a in cancer in PubMed are analysed. Results: Several studies proved the association of miR-193a expression patterns with cancer’s stages, grades, response to the chemotherapy and even patient survival. Also, miR-193a can be used to differentiate some types of cancer. In cancer, miR-193a can act as a tumour suppressor gene or as an oncogene. Till now, several genetic factors (MAX, RXR α, XB130, P63, P73, AEG-1, HIFs, EGFR, Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer) and epigenetic factors (DNA methylation and long non-coding RNAs) were predicted to control miR-193a expression. They have fundamental effects on its biological behaviour in different types of cancers. Conclusion: miR-193a has significant roles in cancer and can be targeted in the future for cancer therapy by better understanding of the factors that control its biological behaviour.

Epigenetic factors and molecular markers of the risk of early pregnancy losses

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nataly I Frolova ◽  
Tatiana E Belokrinitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Combined Impact

Background. Miscarriage is a common complication in early pregnancy. Current studies have shown a higher prevalence of miscarriage, ranging from 10 to 20%. The review is devoted to modern concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of early pregnancy losses. Aim. Assess the role of epigenetic factors and molecular-genetic markers in the pathogenesis and prediction of early pregnancy losses Materials and methods. In order to write this review domestic and foreign publications were searched in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) for the last 10-15 years. Relevant articles from the peer-reviewed literature and clinical practice guidelines were included. Results. Many recent studies have proved the contribution of various epigenetic factors to the pathogenesis of spontaneous miscarriages, and the molecular-genetic determination such kinds of pregnancy complication has been confirmed. Conclusion. The miscarriage in early gestation is driven by combined impact of epigenetic and molecular-genetic factors, as well as the presence of intergenic interactions. It is may lead to deterioration of physiological functions, and maternal pathologenic pathways could be changed as during her periconceptional period as so during the pregnancy.

Epigenetics of scleroderma: Integrating genetic, ethnic, age, and environmental effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula S Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Epigenome Editing ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Epigenetic Editing

Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis is thought to result from the interplay between environmental or non-genetic factors in a genetically susceptible individual. Epigenetic modifications are influenced by genetic variation and environmental exposures, and change with chronological age and between populations. Despite progress in identifying genetic, epigenetic, and environmental risk factors, the underlying mechanism of systemic sclerosis remains unclear. Since epigenetics provides the regulatory mechanism linking genetic and non-genetic factors to gene expression, understanding the role of epigenetic regulation in systemic sclerosis will elucidate how these factors interact to cause systemic sclerosis. Among the cell types under tight epigenetic control and susceptible to epigenetic dysregulation, immune cells are critically involved in early pathogenic events in the progression of fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. This review starts by summarizing the changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs associated with systemic sclerosis. It then discusses the role of genetic, ethnic, age, and environmental effects on epigenetic regulation, with a focus on immune system dysregulation. Given the potential of epigenome editing technologies for cell reprogramming and as a therapeutic approach for durable gene regulation, this review concludes with a prospect on epigenetic editing. Although epigenomics in systemic sclerosis is in its infancy, future studies will help elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underpinning systemic sclerosis and inform the design of targeted epigenetic therapies to control its dysregulation.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Pituitary Gland Tumors and Meningioma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5987
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Atefe Abak ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Guive Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding transcripts which are involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. LncRNAs that participate in the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors mainly serve as sponges for miRNAs. CLRN1-AS1/miR-217, XIST/miR-424-5p, H19/miR-93a, LINC00473/miR-502-3p, SNHG7/miR-449a, MEG8/miR-454-3p, MEG3/miR-23b-3p, MEG3/miR-376B-3P, SNHG6/miR-944, PCAT6/miR-139-3p, lncRNA-m433s1/miR-433, TUG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-187-3p, SNHG1/miR-302, SNHG1/miR-372, SNHG1/miR-373, and SNHG1/miR-520 are identified lncRNA/miRNA pairs that are involved in this process. Hsa_circ_0001368 and circOMA1 are two examples of circRNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of pituitary gland tumors. Meanwhile, SNHG1, LINC00702, LINC00460, and MEG3 have been found to partake in the pathogenesis of meningioma. In the current review, we describe the role of non-coding RNAs in two types of brain tumors, i.e., pituitary tumors and meningioma.

scholarly journals Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Conferring Resistance in Tumors of the Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Amin Agabalazadeh ◽  
Atefe Abak ◽  
Hamed Shoorei ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Hassanzadeh Taheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Tumors of the nervous system can be originated from several locations. They mostly have high mortality and morbidity rate. The emergence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a hurdle in the treatment of patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to influence the response of glioblastoma/glioma and neuroblastoma to chemotherapeutic agents. MALAT1, NEAT1, and H19 are among lncRNAs that affect the response of glioma/glioblastoma to chemotherapy. As well as that, NORAD, SNHG7, and SNHG16 have been shown to be involved in conferring this phenotype in neuroblastoma. Prior identification of expression amounts of certain lncRNAs would help in the better design of therapeutic regimens. In the current manuscript, we summarize the impact of lncRNAs on chemoresistance in glioma/glioblastoma and neuroblastoma.

scholarly journals A Review on the Role of miR-1290 in Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Invasion

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Tayyebeh Khoshbakht ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Mohammad Samadian
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Affect Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to affect expression of several genes contributing in important biological processes. miR-1290 a member of this family with crucial roles in the carcinogenesis. This miRNA is transcribed from MIR1290 gene on chromosome 1p36.13. This miRNA has interactions with a number of mRNA coding genes as well as non-coding RNAs SOCS4, GSK3, BCL2, CCNG2, KIF13B, INPP4B, hMSH2, KIF13B, NKD1, FOXA1, IGFBP3, CCAT1, FOXA1, NAT1, SMEK1, SCAI, ZNF667-AS1, ABLIM1, Circ_0000629 and CDC73. miR-1290 can also regulate activity of JAK/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB molecular pathways. Most evidence indicates the oncogenic roles of miR-1290, yet controversial evidence also exists. In the present review, we describe the results of in vitro, animal and human investigations about the impact of miR-1290 in the development of malignancies.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ethologically Relevant Stressors on Adult Mammalian Neurogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Jorgensen ◽  
James Taylor ◽  
Tyler Barton
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Adult neurogenesis—the formation and functional integration of adult-generated neurons—remains a hot neuroscience topic. Decades of research have identified numerous endogenous (such as neurotransmitters and hormones) and exogenous (such as environmental enrichment and exercise) factors that regulate the various neurogenic stages. Stress, an exogenous factor, has received a lot of attention. Despite the large number of reviews discussing the impact of stress on adult neurogenesis, no systematic review on ethologically relevant stressors exists to date. The current review details the effects of conspecifically-induced psychosocial stress (specifically looking at the lack or disruption of social interactions and confrontation) as well as non-conspecifically-induced stress on mammalian adult neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms, as well as the possible functional role of the altered neurogenesis level, are also discussed. The reviewed data suggest that ethologically relevant stressors reduce adult neurogenesis.

Hypertension and reproductive dysfunction: a possible role of inflammation and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in gonads

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (24) ◽  
pp. 3237-3257
Author(s):  
Shobana Navaneethabalakrishnan ◽  
Bethany L. Goodlett ◽  
Alexandra H. Lopez ◽  
Joseph M. Rutkowski ◽  
Brett M. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Vaginal Lubrication ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases that leads to end organ damage especially affecting the heart, kidney, brain, and eyes. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between hypertension and impaired sexual health, in both men and women. The detrimental effects of hypertension in men includes erectile dysfunction, decrease in semen volume, sperm count and motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Similarly, hypertensive females exhibit decreased vaginal lubrication, reduced orgasm, and several complications in pregnancy leading to fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The adverse effect of hypertension on male and female fertility is attributed to hormonal imbalance and changes in the gonadal vasculature. However, mechanistic studies investigating the impact of hypertension on gonads in more detail on a molecular basis remain scarce. Hence, the aim of the current review is to address and summarize the effects of hypertension on reproductive health, and highlight the importance of research on the effects of hypertension on gonadal inflammation and lymphatics.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities for Communication about the Role of Genomics in Public Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Caitlin G. Allen ◽  
Ridgely Fisk Green ◽  
Scott Bowen ◽  
W. David Dotson ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
The Impact

Despite growing awareness about the potential for genomic information to improve population health, lingering communication challenges remain in describing the role of genomics in public health programs. Identifying and addressing these challenges provide an important opportunity for appropriate communication to ensure the translation of genomic discoveries for public health benefits. In this commentary, we describe 5 common communication challenges encountered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Office of Genomics and Precision Public Health based on over 20 years of experience in the field. These include (1) communicating that using genomics to assess rare diseases can have an impact on public health; (2) providing evidence that genetic factors can add important information to environmental, behavioral, and social determinants of health; (3) communicating that although genetic factors are nonmodifiable, they can increase the impact of public health programs and communication strategies; (4) addressing the concern that genomics is not ready for clinical practice; and (5) communicating that genomics is valuable beyond the domain of health care and can be integrated as part of public health programs. We discuss opportunities for addressing these communication challenges and provide examples of ongoing approaches to communication about the role of genomics in public health to the public, researchers, and practitioners.

scholarly journals The Impact of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Mahdi Gholipour ◽  
Bashdar Mahmud Hussen ◽  
Mohammad Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
The Impact

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the utmost deadly human malignancies. This type of cancer has been associated with several environmental, viral, and lifestyle risk factors. Among the epigenetic factors which contribute in the pathogenesis of HCC is dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These transcripts modulate expression of several tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes and alter the activity of cancer-related signaling axes. Several lncRNAs such as NEAT1, MALAT1, ANRIL, and SNHG1 have been up-regulated in HCC samples. On the other hand, a number of so-called tumor suppressor lncRNAs namely CASS2 and MEG3 are down-regulated in HCC. The interaction between lncRNAs and miRNAs regulate expression of a number of mRNA coding genes which are involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. H19/miR-15b/CDC42, H19/miR-326/TWIST1, NEAT1/miR-485/STAT3, MALAT1/miR-124-3p/Slug, MALAT1/miR-195/EGFR, MALAT1/miR-22/SNAI1, and ANRIL/miR-144/PBX3 axes are among functional axes in the pathobiology of HCC. Some genetic polymorphisms within non-coding regions of the genome have been associated with risk of HCC in certain populations. In the current paper, we describe the recent finding about the impact of lncRNAs in HCC.

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