scholarly journals Immobilized Soybean Peroxidase Hybrid Biocatalysts for Efficient Degradation of Various Emerging Pollutants

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Rana Morsi ◽  
Khadega A. Al-Maqdi ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Hafiz M. N. Iqbal ◽  
Abbas Khaleel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Free Enzyme ◽  
Soybean Peroxidase ◽  
Remediation Strategy ◽  
Presence And Absence

In the present study, soybean peroxidase (SBP) was covalently immobilized onto two functionalized photocatalytic supports (TiO2 and ZnO) to create novel hybrid biocatalysts (TiO2-SBP and ZnO-SBP). Immobilization caused a slight shift in the pH optima of SBP activity (pH 5.0 to 4.0), whereas the free and TiO2-immobilized SBP showed similar thermal stability profiles. The newly developed hybrid biocatalysts were used for the degradation of 21 emerging pollutants in the presence and absence of 1-hydroxy benzotriazole (HOBT) as a redox mediator. Notably, all the tested pollutants were not equally degraded by the SBP treatment and some of the tested pollutants were either partially degraded or appeared to be recalcitrant to enzymatic degradation. The presence of HOBT enhanced the degradation of the pollutants, while it also inhibited the degradation of some contaminants. Interestingly, TiO2 and ZnO-immobilized SBP displayed better degradation efficiency of a few emerging pollutants than the free enzyme. Furthermore, a combined enzyme-chemical oxidation remediation strategy was employed to degrade two recalcitrant pollutants, which suggest a novel application of these novel hybrid peroxidase-photocatalysts. Lastly, the reusability profile indicated that the TiO2-SBP hybrid biocatalyst retained up to 95% degradation efficiency of a model pollutant (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) after four consecutive degradation cycles.

scholarly journals LC-MSMS based screening of emerging pollutant degradation by different peroxidases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadega A. Almaqdi ◽  
Rana Morsi ◽  
Bahia Alhayuti ◽  
Farah Alharthi ◽  
S. Salman Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Soybean Peroxidase ◽  
Emerging Pollutant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Treatment Step

Abstract Background The presence of a wide range of bioactive organic pollutants in wastewater and municipal water sources is raising concerns about their potential effects on humans. Not surprisingly, various approaches are being explored that can efficiently degrade these persistent organic pollutants. Use of peroxidases has recently been recognized as a novel remediation approach that may have potential advantages over conventional degradation techniques. However, testing the abilities of different peroxidases to degrade diverse emerging pollutants is tedious and cumbersome. Results In the present study, we present a rapid and robust approach to easily test the degradability of 21 different emerging pollutants by five different peroxidases (soybean peroxidase, chloroperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, manganese peroxidase, and horseradish peroxidase) using an LC-MSMS approach. Furthermore, this approach was also used to examine the role of a redox mediator in these enzymatic degradation assays. Our results show that some of the organic pollutants can be easily degraded by all five of the peroxidases tested, whereas others are only degraded by a specific peroxidase (or when a redox mediator was present) and there are some that are completely resistant to degradation by any of the peroxidases tested (even in the presence of a redox mediator). The degradation of furosemide and trimethoprim by soybean peroxidase and chloroperoxidase, respectively, was investigated in detail by examining the transformation products generated during their degradation. Some of the products generated during enzymatic breakdown of these pollutants have been previously reported by others, however, we report many new transformation products. Conclusions LC-MSMS approaches, like the one described here, can be used to rapidly evaluate the potential of different peroxidases (and redox requirements) to be used as bioremediation agents. Our preliminary result shows peroxidases hold tremendous potential for being used in a final wastewater treatment step.

scholarly journals Efficient degradation of various emerging pollutants by wild type and evolved fungal DyP4 peroxidases

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262492
Author(s):  
Khawlah Athamneh ◽  
Aysha Alneyadi ◽  
Aya Alsadik ◽  
Tuck Seng Wong ◽  
Syed Salman Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Redox Mediator ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Complete Degradation ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

The accumulation of emerging pollutants in the environment remains a major concern as evidenced by the increasing number of reports citing their potential risk on environment and health. Hence, removal strategies of such pollutants remain an active area of investigation. One way through which emerging pollutants can be eliminated from the environment is by enzyme-mediated bioremediation. Enzyme-based degradation can be further enhanced via advanced protein engineering approaches. In the present study a sensitive and robust bioanalytical liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS)-based approach was used to investigate the ability of a fungal dye decolorizing peroxidase 4 (DyP4) and two of its evolved variants—that were previously shown to be H2O2 tolerant—to degrade a panel of 15 different emerging pollutants. Additionally, the role of a redox mediator was examined in these enzymatic degradation reactions. Our results show that three emerging pollutants (2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), paracetamol, and furosemide) were efficiently degraded by DyP4. Addition of the redox mediator had a synergistic effect as it enabled complete degradation of three more emerging pollutants (methyl paraben, sulfamethoxazole and salicylic acid) and dramatically reduced the time needed for the complete degradation of MBT, paracetamol, and furosemide. Further investigation was carried out using pure MBT to study its degradation by DyP4. Five potential transformation products were generated during the enzymatic degradation of MBT, which were previously reported to be produced during different bioremediation approaches. The current study provides the first instance of the application of fungal DyP4 peroxidases in bioremediation of emerging pollutants.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Mutant Phosphotriesterase on Fuller’s Earth Enhanced the Stability of the Enzyme

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Wahhida Latip ◽  
Victor Feizal Knight ◽  
Ong Keat Khim ◽  
Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim ◽  
Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Free Enzyme ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Tween 40 ◽  
Fuller’S Earth ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Biochemical Features

Immobilization is a method for making an enzyme more robust in the environment, especially in terms of its stability and reusability. A mutant phosphotriesterase (YT PTE) isolated from Pseudomonas dimunita has been reported to have high proficiency in hydrolyzing the Sp and Rp-enantiomers of organophosphate chromophoric analogs and therefore has great potential as a decontamination agent and biosensor. This work aims to investigate the feasibility of using Fuller’s earth (FE) as a YT PTE immobilization support and characterize its biochemical features after immobilization. The immobilized YT PTE was found to show improvement in thermal stability with a half-life of 24 h compared to that of the free enzyme, which was only 8 h. The stability of the immobilized YT PTE allowed storage for up to 4 months and reuse for up to 6 times. The immobilized YT PTE showed high tolerance against all tested metal ions, Tween 40 and 80 surfactants and inorganic solvents. These findings showed that the immobilized YT PTE became more robust for use especially with regards to its stability and reusability. These features would enhance the future applicability of this enzyme as a decontamination agent and its use in other suitable industrial applications.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of the enzymatic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol using soybean peroxidase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Santuchi da Cunha ◽  
Ardson dos Santos Vianna Junior ◽  
Enzo Laurenti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Soybean Peroxidase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Function Coefficient

Abstract The enzymatic degradation of organic pollutants is a promising and ecological method for the remediation of industrial effluents. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is a major pollutant in many residual waters, and its consumption has been linked to lymphomas, leukemia, and liver cancer. The goal of the present work is to comprehend the enzymatic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol using soybean peroxidase. Different assumptions for the kinetic model were evaluated, and the simulations were compared to experimental data, which was obtained in a microreactor. The literature pointed out that the bi-bi ping-pong model represents well the kinetics of soybean peroxidase degradation. Since it is a complex model, some reactions can be considered or not. Six different possibilities for the model were considered, regarding different combinations of the generated enzyme forms that depend on the hypotheses for simplifying the model. The adjustment of the models was compared based on different metrics, such as the value of the objective function, coefficient of determination and root-mean-square error. The process modeling was obtained by the mass balance of all the reaction components, and all the simulations were performed in MATLAB® R2015a. Reaction parameters were estimated based on the weighted least squares between the experimental data set and the values predicted by the model. The results showed that the data were better adjusted by the model that considers all the enzyme forms, including enzyme inactivation. Therefore, a better comprehension of the reaction mechanism was achieved, which allows a more precise reactor project and process simulation.

scholarly journals Thermal fractionation of soil organic matter produces fine-scale distributions of SOM age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Stoner ◽  
Carlos Sierra ◽  
Marion Schrumpf ◽  
Sebastian Dötterl ◽  
Susan Trumbore
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Mineral Association ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Release

<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex collection of organic molecules of varying origin, structure, chemical activity, and mineral association. A wide array of laboratory methods exists to separate SOM based on qualitative, biological, chemical, and physical characteristics. However, all present conceptual and logistical limitations, including the requirement of a substantial amount soil material.</p><p>An newly applied alternative method of fractionation relies on a conceptual analogue between biochemical stability in soil and thermal stability, e.g. more persistent SOM will require higher temperatures (greater energy inputs) to decompose than less persistent SOM. This accounts for both chemical complexity and mineral association as main factors in determining SOM persistence.</p><p>In this method, carbon is released by heating SOM to 900°C at a constant rate. The peaks of carbon release are grouped into activation energy pools, CO<sub>2 </sub>is collected, and analyzed for <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>14</sup>C. We seek to describe in finer detail the distribution of soil radiocarbon by adding another fractionation step following a different paradigm of SOM stability, and explore mineralogical effects on SOM quality and stability using thermal analysis, radiocarbon, and gas chromatography.</p><p>Here, we analyzed bulk soil and soil fractions derived from density separation and chemical oxidation, as well as mineral horizons dominated by diverse mineralogies. Density fractions contained a wide range of radiocarbon activities and that young SOM is stabilized across multiple fractions, likely due to organomineral complexation. Initial results showed that soil minerals with limited stabilization potential released C at lower temperatures than those with diverse stabilization mechanisms. High-temperature sub-fractions contained the oldest carbon across fractions and minerals, thus supporting the assumption that thermal stability can be used as a limited analogue for stability in soil. We present a fine-scale distribution of radiocarbon in SOM and discuss the potential of this method for comparison with other fractionation techniques.</p>

Polymorphism, thermal stability and enzymatic degradation of poly(1,4-butylene adipate) tailored by a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based nucleating agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 10569-10581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjun Yang ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Rong Liang ◽  
Rui Kong ◽  
Yuebing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Nucleating Agent

Biodegradability of Poly (butylene succinate) under Enzymatic Degradation

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1318-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xin Sun ◽  
Cheng Zhi Chuai ◽  
Si Luo ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
Xu Qiao Feng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Surface Corrosion ◽  
Acclimation Period

To investigate the biodegradability of PBS, films made of PBS were subjected to enzymatic degradation. The declining thermal stability and XRD diagrams showed that the crystallinity of PBS was reduced after degradation. SEM results confirmed that the mode of enzymatic degradation was surface corrosion. In addition, the weight loss of the material did not experience the so-called acclimation period, but showed a typical linear growth process.

scholarly journals Thermal Stability and Degradation Kinetics of Patulin in Highly Acidic Conditions: Impact of Cysteine

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Enjie Diao ◽  
Kun Ma ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Peng Xie ◽  
Shiquan Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Weibull Model ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of

The thermal stability and degradation kinetics of patulin (PAT, 10 μmol/L) in pH 3.5 of phosphoric-citric acid buffer solutions in the absence and presence of cysteine (CYS, 30 μmol/L) were investigated at temperatures ranging from 90 to 150 °C. The zero-, first-, and second-order models and the Weibull model were used to fit the degradation process of patulin. Both the first-order kinetic model and Weibull model better described the degradation of patulin in the presence of cysteine while it was complexed to simulate them in the absence of cysteine with various models at different temperatures based on the correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.90). At the same reaction time, cysteine and temperature significantly affected the degradation efficiency of patulin in highly acidic conditions (p < 0.01). The rate constants (kT) for patulin degradation with cysteine (0.0036–0.3200 μg/L·min) were far more than those of treatments without cysteine (0.0012–0.1614 μg/L·min), and the activation energy (Ea = 43.89 kJ/mol) was far less than that of treatment without cysteine (61.74 kJ/mol). Increasing temperature could obviously improve the degradation efficiency of patulin, regardless of the presence of cysteine. Thus, both cysteine and high temperature decreased the stability of patulin in highly acidic conditions and improved its degradation efficiency, which could be applied to guide the detoxification of patulin by cysteine in the juice processing industry.

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