scholarly journals The Mechanisms Underlying Interference and Inhibition: A Review of Current Behavioral and Neuroimaging Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Oliver Kliegl ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Target Information ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subsequent Recall ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Critical Overview

The memory literature has identified interference and inhibition as two major sources of forgetting. While interference is generally considered to be a passive cause of forgetting arising from exposure to additional information that impedes subsequent recall of target information, inhibition concerns a more active and goal-directed cause of forgetting that can be achieved intentionally. Over the past 25 years, our knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying both interference-induced and inhibition-induced forgetting has expanded substantially. The present paper gives a critical overview of this research, pointing out empirical gaps in the current work and providing suggestions for future studies.

scholarly journals Urban Form Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional, Semi-Planned, and Planned Neighborhoods in Shiraz, Iran

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ayyoob Sharifi ◽  
Maryam Roosta ◽  
Masoud Javadpoor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extreme Heat Events ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Heat Events

As cities are exposed to a portfolio of risks, the concept of resilience has risen to prominence over the past two decades. Consequently, a large volume of research has been published on different aspects of urban resilience. However, urban form resilience is still relatively understudied. As a step toward filling this gap, this study examines resilience of nine selected neighborhoods from Shiraz, an old Iranian city. The selected cases represent three different urban form patterns, namely, traditional, semi-planned, and planned. Different indicators related to the physical configuration of lots, blocks, open and green spaces, and street networks are used to examine resilience of each neighborhood to three major stressors, namely, earthquakes, extreme heat events, and floods. Additionally, a combination of Shannon entropy and the VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje in Serbian) method is used to rank the resilience of each neighborhood to each of the three stressors. Results show that, overall, the physical form of the planned neighborhoods is more conducive to urban resilience. In contrast, the urban form of traditional neighborhoods was found to be less resilient. There were, however, some variations depending on the type of stressor considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to consider social and economic factors in future studies of urban form resilience.

scholarly journals Challenge of diabetes mellitus and researchers’ contributions to its control

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 614-634
Author(s):  
Ayodele T. Odularu ◽  
Peter A. Ajibade
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Type 3

Abstract The aim of this review study was to assess the past significant events on diabetes mellitus, transformations that took place over the years in the medical records of treatment, countries involved, and the researchers who brought about the revolutions. This study used the content analysis to report the existence of diabetes mellitus and the treatments provided by researchers to control it. The focus was mainly on three main types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and type 3 diabetes). Ethical consideration has also helped to boost diabetic studies globally. The research has a history path from pharmaceuticals of organic-based drugs to metal-based drugs with their nanoparticles in addition to the impacts of nanomedicine, biosensors, and telemedicine. Ongoing and future studies in alternative medicine such as vanadium nanoparticles (metal nanoparticles) are promising.

Making Memories Unavailable

2007 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Bäuml
Keyword(s):  
Memory Representation ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Inhibitory Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extended Range ◽  
Subsequent Recall ◽  
Retrieval Blocking

Abstract. Research from the past decades has shown that cuing and retrieval are not always beneficial for episodic memory and can also be detrimental. Prior work assumed that these detrimental effects are caused by retrieval blocking, in which cuing and retrieval strengthen material and the repeated involuntary sampling of the strengthened material hinders subsequent recall of nonstrengthened targets. Using a new experimental paradigm and an extended range of memory tests, recent research indicates that the detrimental effects of retrieval and cuing occur across a wide range of memory tests and are likely to be the result of inhibitory processes. These inhibitory processes impair the nonretrieved and noncue items' memory representation and make these items unavailable in memory. The recent results and the new theory are reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals A Review of Market Segmentation and Inefficiencies of the Chinese Stock Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Jon Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Chinese Stock Market ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Calendar Effects ◽  
Market Inefficiencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Market Inefficiency

The Chinese stock market is an emerging market that has gained much importance over the past few decades. Because of this, it also serves as a great subject for studying market inefficiencies and anomalies. In this paper we provide a review of evidence regarding the development, efficiency and integration of the Chinese stock market. In particular, we review recent literature in the areas of market segmentation, cross-listings and calendar effects. This provides evidence of market inefficiency in China. We also pose questions that can be answered in future studies.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD QUALITY LEADERSHIP STYLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152-1159
Author(s):  
Wael Ibrahim Alsarrani ◽  
Ahmad Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose: Leadership is an interactive concept that influences our daily lives. A quality concept is an approach and philosophy that leaders use to incorporate the leadership process into the organization successfully. Both concepts have an incremental history, correlation, and discussion. However, the two concepts have not yet been theoretically and empirically integrated. This paper attempts to integrate and discuss leadership and quality to create a single quality leadership style based on the definition of quality gurus and the leadership styles which relate more towards the quality of leadership. Methodology: The study used a systematic literature review to review the past literature related to the field of leadership and quality management. This study provides the constructs from definitions proposed by experts in this field. Each leadership styles have many constructs that may or may not be related to quality. Results: The study proposed a conceptual framework which combined the definitions of quality gurus and the different leadership styles. The finding of this study has contributed to the expansion of theoretical knowledge in the field of quality leadership style. Implications: This paper indicated that the review of the literature regarding what quality gurus define as important relating to leadership. This paper provides the constructs from quality gurus definitions. Novelty: Each leadership styles have many constructs that may or may not be related to quality. Therefore, future studies need to consider what the constructs from those leadership styles are considered effective to quality.

scholarly journals Predictors of proximity to others in colony housed shelter cats (Felis silvestris catus)

2016 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Suchak ◽  
Michael Piombino ◽  
Kalina Bracco
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Felis Silvestris Catus ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Stress Behaviors ◽  
High Degree

Colony housing of cats allows shelters to maximize the number of cats housed in limited space. Most research on colony-housed cats examines stress in relation to group size or enclosure size.  While this is important for evaluating welfare, it is equally important to understand how cats are interacting socially in these colonies. We observed 259 adult cats housed in groups of two to eight individuals. Scan samples were used to assess how frequently individual cats were in close proximity to other cats. These data were used to measure individual differences in sociability and patterns of proximity to certain partners. We used information about the past history of the cat, which was collected upon admission to the shelter to identify predictors of time spent in proximity. There was a high degree of inter-individual variability in sociability. Strays tended to spend less time in proximity to other cats, and this effect was most pronounced in females.However, none of the information collected upon admission predicted patterns of proximity to certain partners, or which cats spent time in association witheach other. Future studies should explore the implications of differences in sociability by associating observations of social behavior and stress behaviors.

Infant Radiant Warmers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Communication ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Disposable Diapers ◽  
Radiant Warmer ◽  
Sensor Probe ◽  
Delivery Rooms

Radiant warmers are frequently used in delivery rooms and neonatal care units when open access and external heat are simultaneously required.1 The sale of more than 13,000 units by U.S. manufacturers during the past ten years attests to the acceptance of these devices by pediatricians.2 However, some concern about the use of the warmers stems from potential hazards and the lack of information regarding possible effects of the devices. This concern was recently expressed by a panel of consultants to the Bureau of Medical Devices in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) who recommended that the FDA obtain additional information to assist it in evaluating radiation warmer safety.3 If this recommendation is accepted by the FDA, current procedures require that additional information regarding the effects of radiant warmers on infants must be provided within a period of 30 months.4 Therefore, pediatricians should be aware of the issues involved. The most serious complication of radiant warmers is extreme hyperthermia, which may occur from improper use or from dislodgement of the sensor probe. Hyperthermia may result in death or permanent neurological damage (T. Peebles, personal communication). Insensible water loss increases markedly when infants are placed in the warm, dry, open environment under radiant warmers, and may increase by 50% to 200% over that observed among infants in incubators, depending on the maturity of the infant and the type of warmer.5 First-degree burns have been attributed to radiant warmer heating of plastic-lined disposable diapers which were placed next to the skin for urine collection.6

scholarly journals Measuring Vascular Recovery Rate After Exercise

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Dijab ◽  
Jordi Alastruey ◽  
Peter Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Wave Shape ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pulse Waves ◽  
Future Work

The rate at which an individual recovers from exercise is known to be indicative of cardiovascular risk. It has been widely shown that the reduction in heart rate immediately after exercise is predictive of mortality. However, little research has been conducted into whether the time taken for the blood vessels to return to normal is also indicative of risk. In this study, we present a novel approach to assess vascular recovery rate (VRR) using the photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal, which is monitored by smart wearables. The VORTAL dataset (http://peterhcharlton.github.io/RRest/) was used for this study, containing PPG signals from 39 healthy subjects before (baseline) and after exercise. 31 VRR indices were extracted from the PPG pulse wave shape, as well as heart rate for comparison. The rate at which indices returned to baseline after exercise was quantified, and the consistency of changes between subjects was assessed statistically. Many VRR indices exhibited changes after exercise which were consistent between subjects. Indices derived from the timings and second derivative of pulse waves were identified as candidates for future work. The rate at which the indices returned to baseline differed between indices and subjects, indicating that they may provide additional information beyond that of heart rate, and that they may be useful for stratifying subjects. This study demonstrated the feasibility of assessing VRR after exercise from the PPG. Future studies should investigate whether VRR indices are associated with cardiovascular fitness, and the potential utility of incorporating the indices into wearable sensors.

Guitar Forum: The Flute, Viola, Guitar Trio: Its History, Literature and Performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Douglas Hensley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Chamber Music ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Classical Guitar ◽  
The West ◽  
Master's Degrees ◽  
Private Lessons ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Performance

Douglas Hensley has been an active chamber musician ever since he took up serious study of the classical guitar. He received bachelor and master's degrees under the direction of David Tanenbaum from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music and he has studied with many other musicians in private lessons and master classes. Over the past ten years he has premiered close to fifty new compositions, performed numerous U.S. premieres and the West Coast premiere of Elliott Carter's “Changes” for solo guitar. For Opus One Records in New York he has recorded Larry Polansky's “Hensley Variations” and David Loeb's “Trois Cansos” with flautist Kenneth Kramer and violist John Casten. He has also recorded a collection of duets with Japanese shakuhachi master Masayuka Koga, “Autumn Mist,” for Fortuna Records of Novato, California. His principal activities are as cofounder (with violist/violinist John Casten) and guitarist of the San Francisco-based contemporary performance ensemble ISKRA, which is made up of flute, clarinet, guitar, violin/viola, doublebass and soprano voice. Anyone with additional information about flute, viola, guitar trios (or other chamber music with guitar), or queries, is urged to contact him at 607-A Frederick St., San Francisco, CA 94117.

Medical management of appendicitis in early-term pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e234252
Author(s):  
Amin Tavakoli ◽  
Paul Wadensweiler ◽  
Elizabeth Blumenthal ◽  
Eric Kuncir ◽  
Roozbeh Houshyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Management ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Early Term ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics

A 19-year-old G1 at 37 weeks presented with acute non-ruptured appendicitis. Her advanced gestational age and surgical anatomy presented a complex surgical scenario. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics and induction of labour, which resulted in resolution of the appendicitis and an uncomplicated vaginal delivery at early term. This case is an example that appendicitis occurring in early-term pregnancy can be successfully managed with intravenous antibiotics, but this is a complex clinical scenario with a limited evidence base to make management decisions. Future studies of medical management of appendicitis in pregnancy, specifically in later gestation, are needed to provide additional information to guide clinicians.

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