scholarly journals Functional and Clinical Impact of CircRNAs in Oral Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Cristóbal ◽  
Cristina Caramés ◽  
Jaime Rubio ◽  
Marta Sanz-Alvarez ◽  
Melani Luque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

The increasing number of recently published works regarding the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in oral cancer highlights the key contribution of this novel class of endogenous noncoding RNAs as regulators of critical signaling pathways and their clinical value as novel biomarkers. This review summarizes and puts into context the existing literature in order to clarify the relevance of circRNAs as novel mediators of oral cancer pathogenesis as well as their potential usefulness as predictors of clinical outcome and response to therapy in this disease.

Is it time to consider the Androgen receptor as a therapeutic target in breast cancer?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melika Kooshki Forooshani ◽  
Rosa Scarpitta ◽  
Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli ◽  
Mario Miccoli ◽  
Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Tumorigenic Mechanism

: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease and the most prevalent malignant tumor in women worldwide. The majority of BC cases are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR), both known to be involved in cancer pathogenesis, progression, and invasion. In line with this, hormonal deprivation therapy appears to be a useful tool and an effective treatment for these BC subtypes. Unfortunately, prognosis among patients with hormone-negative tumors or therapy-refractory and metastatic patients remains poor. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed in order to predict the course of the disease, make better therapy decisions and improve the overall survival of patients. In this respect, the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the hormonal nuclear receptor superfamily and ER and PgR, emerges as an interesting feature widely expressed in human BCs. Despite the advances, the precise tumorigenic mechanism of AR and the role of its endogenous ligands are yet not well-understood. In this review, we aim to elaborate on the prognostic impact of AR expression and current AR-targeting approaches based on previous studies investigating AR's role in different BC subtypes.

scholarly journals Oncogenic Role of Exosomal Circular and Long Noncoding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Ba Da Yun ◽  
Ye Ji Choi ◽  
Seung Wan Son ◽  
Gabriel Adelman Cipolla ◽  
Fernanda Costa Brandão Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of cellular activities by physically interacting with microRNAs and proteins and altering their activity. It has also been suggested that exosomes encapsulate circRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer cells. Exosomes are then discharged into the extracellular environment, where they are taken up by other cells. As a result, exosomal ncRNA cargo is critical for cell–cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal ncRNAs can regulate a range of events, such as angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To set the groundwork for developing novel therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal malignancies, a thorough understanding of circRNAs and lncRNAs is required. In this review, we discuss the function and intrinsic features of oncogenic circRNAs and lncRNAs that are enriched within exosomes.

Biological functions of long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs in small-cell lung cancer

Epigenomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 1751-1763
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar ◽  
Monu Pandey ◽  
Surender K Sharawat
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Small Cell Lung

We aim to discuss comprehensively the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) biology and their clinical utility as cancer biomarkers. We searched the scientific literature to select articles related to the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC biology or as cancer biomarkers. We identified that a number of lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate key biological processes involved in SCLC development, including cell proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance mainly acting as miRNA sponges. Also, the expression of a few lncRNAs and circRNAs predicted survival outcome depicting their utility as prognostic biomarkers. Further investigations on the role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in SCLC tumors may yield novel therapeutic targets for SCLC.

scholarly journals From Medical Imaging to Radiomics: Role of Data Science for Advancing Precision Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Capobianco ◽  
Marco Dominietto
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Precision Health

Treating disease according to precision health requires the individualization of therapeutic solutions as a cardinal step that is part of a process that typically depends on multiple factors. The starting point is the collection and assembly of data over time to assess the patient’s health status and monitor response to therapy. Radiomics is a very important component of this process. Its main goal is implementing a protocol to quantify the image informative contents by first mining and then extracting the most representative features. Further analysis aims to detect potential disease phenotypes through signs and marks of heterogeneity. As multimodal images hinge on various data sources, and these can be integrated with treatment plans and follow-up information, radiomics is naturally centered on dynamically monitoring disease progression and/or the health trajectory of patients. However, radiomics creates critical needs too. A concise list includes: (a) successful harmonization of intra/inter-modality radiomic measurements to facilitate the association with other data domains (genetic, clinical, lifestyle aspects, etc.); (b) ability of data science to revise model strategies and analytics tools to tackle multiple data types and structures (electronic medical records, personal histories, hospitalization data, genomic from various specimens, imaging, etc.) and to offer data-agnostic solutions for patient outcomes prediction; (c) and model validation with independent datasets to ensure generalization of results, clinical value of new risk stratifications, and support to clinical decisions for highly individualized patient management.

Competing Endogenous RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma—The Pinnacle of Rivalry

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Yousry Afify ◽  
Salma Abdulmaqsoud Ibrahim ◽  
Mennah Hisham Aldamsisi ◽  
Mai Saad Zaghloul ◽  
Nada El-Ekiaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Solo Performance ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
Genomic Regulation

AbstractThe role of noncoding transcripts in gene expression is nowadays acknowledged to keep various diseases at bay—despite being referred to as “junk” DNA several years ago. Believed to be at the heart of multiple regulatory pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Recently, the discovery of ncRNAs that compete for shared miRNA pools has dimmed the light on the solo performance of miRNAs in genomic regulation. Indeed, several studies describe RNAs such as long noncoding RNAs, mRNAs, circular RNAs, pseudogenes, and viral RNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that sequester miRNAs, allowing for de-repression of downstream miRNA targets. Such integration between coding and noncoding transcripts forms complex ceRNA networks that when dysregulated lead to several diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors review perturbed ceRNA networks in hepatocellular carcinoma, describe the role of each in tumorigenesis, and discuss their various clinical implications.

Emerging Roles for Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yin ◽  
Chong Zeng ◽  
Jie Yao ◽  
Jie Shen
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Hashimoto Disease

Abstract Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves’ diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs and Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: A Literature Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Antonia Haranguș ◽  
Ioana Berindan-Neagoe ◽  
Doina Adina Todea ◽  
Ioan Șimon ◽  
Mărioara Șimon
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Circulating Nucleic Acids

Lung cancer represents a genetically heterogeneous disease with low survival rates. Recent data have evidenced key roles of noncoding RNAs in lung cancer initiation and progression. These functional RNA molecules that can act as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors may become future biomarkers and more efficient therapeutic targets. In the precision medicine era, circulating nucleic acids have the potential to reshape the management and prognosis of cancer patients. Detecting genomic alterations and level variations of circulating nucleic acids in liquid biopsy samples represents a noninvasive method for portraying tumor burden. Research is currently trying to validate the potential role of liquid biopsy in lung cancer screening, prognosis, monitoring of disease progression, and treatment response. However, this method requires complex detection assays, and implementation of plasma genotyping in clinical practice continues to be hindered by discrepancies that arise when compared to tissue genotyping. Understanding the genomic landscape of lung cancer is essential in order to provide useful and innovative research in the age of patient-tailored therapy. In this landscape, the noncoding RNAs play a crucial role due to their target genes that dramatically influence the tumor microenvironment and the response to therapy. This article addresses present and future possible roles of liquid biopsy in lung cancer. It also discusses how the complex role of noncoding RNAs in lung tumorigenesis could influence the management of this pathology.

scholarly journals Non-Coding RNAs: Uncharted Mediators of Thyroid Cancer Pathogenesis

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3264
Author(s):  
Hossein Tabatabaeian ◽  
Samantha Peiling Yang ◽  
Yvonne Tay
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent malignancy of the endocrine system and the ninth most common cancer globally. Despite the advances in the management of thyroid cancer, there are critical issues with the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer that result in the poor overall survival of undifferentiated and metastatic thyroid cancer patients. Recent studies have revealed the role of different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are dysregulated during thyroid cancer development or the acquisition of resistance to therapeutics, and may play key roles in treatment failure and poor prognosis of the thyroid cancer patients. Here, we systematically review the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs that regulate thyroid tumorigenesis and drug response. We then propose the potential clinical implications of ncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer.

scholarly journals The role of circRNAs in cancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ping Zhu ◽  
Yun-Jie He ◽  
Jun-Chen Hou ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Si-Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Evaluation ◽  
Regulate Gene

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently regarded as a naturally forming family of widespread and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that may regulate gene expression in mammals. At present, above 30000 circRNAs have already been found, with their unique structures to maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. Several previous literatures stressed on the important role of circRNAs, whose expression was relatively correlated with patients’ clinical characteristics and grade, in the carcinogenesis of cancer. CircRNAs are involved in many regulatory bioprocesses of malignance, including cell cycle, tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, vascularization, through adsorbing RNA as a sponge, binding to RNA-binding protein (RBP), modulating transcription, or influencing translation. Therefore, it is inevitable to further study the interactions between circRNAs and tumors and to develop novel circRNAs as molecular markers or potential targets, which will provide promising applications in early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, prognosis prediction of tumors and even gene therapy for tumors.

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