scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Potential Predictors of Response to CDK4/6 Inhibitor Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4114
Author(s):  
Angeliki Andrikopoulou ◽  
Almog Shalit ◽  
Eleni Zografos ◽  
Konstantinos Koutsoukos ◽  
Anna-Maria Korakiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Predictors Of Response ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have emerged as novel treatment options in the management of advanced or metastatic breast cancer. MicroRNAs are endogenous non-coding 19–22-nucleotide-long RNAs that regulate gene expression in development and tumorigenesis. Herein, we systematically review all microRNAs associated with response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Eligible articles were identified by a search of the MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for the period up to1 January 2021; the algorithm consisted of a predefined combination of the words “microRNAs”, “cancer” and “CDK 4/6 inhibitors”. Overall, 15 studies were retrieved. Six microRNAs (miR-126, miR-326, miR3613-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-497 and miR-17-92) were associated with sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Conversely, six microRNAs (miR-193b, miR-432-5p, miR-200a, miR-223, Let-7a and miR-21) conferred resistance to treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors. An additional number of microRNAs (miR-124a, miR9, miR200b and miR-106b) were shown to mediate cellular response to CDK4/6 inhibitors without affecting sensitivity to treatment. Collectively, our review provides evidence that microRNAs could serve as predictive biomarkers for treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Moreover, microRNA-targeted therapy could potentially maximize sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition.

scholarly journals Icaritin: A Novel Natural Candidate for Hematological Malignancies Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jing Yang ◽  
Ya-Ming Xi ◽  
Zi-Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herb ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Hematological malignancies including leukemia and lymphoma can severely impact human health. With the current therapies combined with chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis of hematologic malignancies improved significantly. However, most hematological malignancies are still incurable. Therefore, research for novel treatment options was continuing with the natural product as one source. Icaritin is a compound extracted from a traditional Chinese herb,Epimedium Genus, and demonstrated an antitumor effect in various neoplasms including hematological malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. In hematological malignancies, icaritin showed multiple cytotoxic effects to induce apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, inhibit proliferation, promote differentiation, restrict metastasis and infiltration, and suppress the oncogenic virus. The proved underlying mechanisms of the cytotoxic effects of icaritin are different in various cell types of hematological malignancies but associated with the critical cell signal pathway, including PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT3, and MAPK/ERK/JNK. Although the primary target of icaritin is still unspecified, the existing evidence indicates that icaritin is a potential novel therapeutic agent for neoplasms as with hematological malignancies. Here, in the field of hematology, we reviewed the reported activity of icaritin in hematologic malignancies and the underlying mechanisms and recognized icaritin as a candidate for therapy of hematological malignancies.

Future perspectives and challenges with CDK4/6 inhibitors in hormone receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 2661-2672
Author(s):  
Soley Bayraktar ◽  
Sameer Batoo ◽  
Eyad Al-Hattab ◽  
Sandeep Basu ◽  
Scott Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Us Fda ◽  
Active Investigation ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

There are three US FDA–approved CDK4/6 inhibitors: palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib for patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). They are all equally effective, so the question becomes how to choose among these agents and how to sequence them. Other areas with active investigation include identifying predictive biomarkers for the selection of patients whom may benefit more from CDK4/6 inhibitors, deciding whether to continue CDK4/6 inhibitors after disease progression on CDK4/6 inhibitors, creating novel treatment combinations and expanding use beyond HR+/HER2- MBC. Here, we review the current use of and potential next directions for CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of patients with HR+/HER2- MBC.

scholarly journals The interplay of leukemia cells and the bone marrow microenvironment

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (14) ◽  
pp. 1507-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delfim Duarte ◽  
Edwin D. Hawkins ◽  
Cristina Lo Celso
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Novel Treatment

Abstract The interplay of cancer cells and surrounding stroma is critical in disease progression. This is particularly evident in hematological malignancies that infiltrate the bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs. Despite clear evidence for the existence of these interactions, the precise repercussions on the growth of leukemic cells are poorly understood. Recent development of novel imaging technology and preclinical disease models has advanced our comprehension of leukemia-microenvironment crosstalk and has potential implications for development of novel treatment options.

scholarly journals S100B, Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, and Procalcitonin Serum Levels in Remitters to Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Maier ◽  
Saskia Helm ◽  
Sermin Toto ◽  
Nicole Moschny ◽  
Wolfgang Sperling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Predictors Of Response

Background. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatment options for refractory depressed patients. To date, there are only a few predictors of response. Aim. The aim was to identify predictive biomarkers of remission to ECT on a molecular level. Methods. 11 patients suffering from a major depressive episode—according to the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)—underwent 10 ECT sessions. Blood samples were taken, and the depression severity was assessed before, one hour and 24 hours after sessions 1, 4, 7, and 10 using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). A MADRS total score < 12 was interpreted as remission. Results. Patients remitting under ECT had significantly higher homocysteine (p<0.001), S100B (p<0.001), and procalcitonin (PCT) (p=0.027) serum levels. On the contrary, serum levels of vitamin B12 (p<0.001) and folic acid (p=0.007) were significantly lower in remitters compared to those in nonremitters. Levels remained unchanged throughout the whole ECT course. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that lower levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid associated with higher levels of homocysteine, S100B, and PCT point to a subgroup of depressed patients sensitive to ECT. Due to the limited sample size, further studies are required to replicate our findings.

scholarly journals Novel treatment possibilities of invasive aspergillosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. A. Klyasova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Novel Treatment

Invasive aspergillosis is the leading fungal infection in patients with hematological malignancies. The review represents the incidence of invasive aspergillosis in different groups of patients, risk factors for its development, treatment options, including the new drug isavuconazole.

Új lehetőségek a refrakter és relabált Hodgkin-lymphomás betegek kezelésében

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (45) ◽  
pp. 1824-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Illés ◽  
Ádám Jóna ◽  
Zsófia Simon ◽  
Miklós Udvardy ◽  
Zsófia Miltényi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relapse Free Survival ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma is a curable lymphoma with an 80–90% long-term survival, however, 30% of the patients develop relapse. Only half of relapsed patients can be cured with autologous stem cell transplantation. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyze survival rates and incidence of relapses among Hodgkin lymphoma patients who were treated between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2014. Novel therapeutic options are also summarized. Method: Retrospective analysis of data was performed. Results: A total of 715 patients were treated (382 men and 333 women; median age at the time of diagnosis was 38 years). During the studied period the frequency of relapsed patients was reduced from 24.87% to 8.04%. The numbers of autologous stem cell transplantations was increased among refracter/relapsed patients, and 75% of the patients underwent transplantation since 2000. The 5-year overall survival improved significantly (between 1980 and 1989 64.4%, between 1990 and 1999 82.4%, between 2000 and 2009 88.4%, and between 2010 and 2014 87.1%). Relapse-free survival did not change significantly. Conclusions: During the study period treatment outcomes improved. For relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients novel treatment options may offer better chance for cure. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(45), 1824–1833.

Nano-Neurotherapeutics (NNTs): An Emergent and Multifaceted Tool for CNS Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashish Sharma ◽  
Romila Manchanda ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
Ghulam Md. Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Targets

: Impressive research steps have been taken for the treatment of neurological disorders in the last few decades. Still effective treatments of brain related disorders are very less due to problems associated with crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB), non-specific therapies, and delay in functional recovery of central nervous system (CNS) after treatment. Striving for novel treatment options for neurological disorders, nanotechnology-derived materials, and devices have gained the ground due to inherent features of derivatization/encapsulation with drugs as per the neurological ailments and pharmacological targets. Facile developments/syntheses of the nanomaterials-drug conjugates have also been the driving force for researchers to get into this field. Moreover, the tunable size and hydro/lipophilicity of these nanomaterials are the added advantages that make these materials more acceptable for CNS disorders. These nano-neurotherapeutics (NNTs) systems provide the platform for diagnosis, theranostics, treatments, restoration of CNS disorders, and encourage the translation of NNTs from “bench to bedside”. Still, these techniques are in primary stages of medical development. This review describes the latest advancements and future scenarios of developmental and clinical aspects of polymeric NNTs.

Immunotherapy and potential predictive biomarkers in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Xu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Hushan Zhang ◽  
Xueke She ◽  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document