scholarly journals COVID-19 and Rheumatoid Arthritis Crosstalk: Emerging Association, Therapeutic Options and Challenges

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3291
Author(s):  
Saikat Dewanjee ◽  
Ramesh Kandimalla ◽  
Rajkumar Singh Kalra ◽  
Chandrasekhar Valupadas ◽  
Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations

Hyperactivation of immune responses resulting in excessive release of pro-inflammatory mediators in alveoli/lung structures is the principal pathological feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The cytokine hyperactivation in COVID-19 appears to be similar to those seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease. Emerging evidence conferred the severity and risk of COVID-19 to RA patients. Amid the evidence of musculoskeletal manifestations involving immune-inflammation-dependent mechanisms and cases of arthralgia and/or myalgia in COVID-19, crosstalk between COVID-19 and RA is often debated. The present article sheds light on the pathological crosstalk between COVID-19 and RA, the risk of RA patients in acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in RA development. We also conferred whether RA can exacerbate COVID-19 outcomes based on available clinical readouts. The mechanistic overlapping in immune-inflammatory features in both COVID-19 and RA was discussed. We showed the emerging links of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-dependent and macrophage-mediated pathways in both diseases. Moreover, a detailed review of immediate challenges and key recommendations for anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 setting was presented for better clinical monitoring and management of RA patients. Taken together, the present article summarizes available knowledge on the emerging COVID-19 and RA crosstalk and their mechanistic overlaps, challenges, and therapeutic options.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Rheumatoid Arthritis Crosstalk: Emerging association, therapeutic options, and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kandimalla ◽  
Saikat Dewanjee ◽  
Rajkumar Singh Kalra ◽  
Chandrasekhar Valupadas ◽  
Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Musculoskeletal Manifestations ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Excessive immune activation and cytokine release in alveoli/lung structures is a prominent sign of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathology caused by infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The progressive sign of pro-inflammatory cytokines elicited in COVID-19 clinically resembles hyper immune-reactive features often seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disorder. Recent clinical data from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic conferred the severity and risk of COVID-19 to RA patients. Amid the evidence of musculoskeletal manifestations involving immune-inflammation-dependent mechanisms and cases of arthralgia and/or myalgia in COVID-19, crosstalk between COVID-19 and RA is debated. The present review sheds light on the overlapping COVID-19 and RA clinical features, aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in RA development, and associated risks. It also confers whether RA can worsen COVID-19 outcomes based on available clinical readouts. To gain mechanistic insights into the overlapping immune-inflammatory features in SARS-CoV-2 infection and RA, we reviewed the emerging links of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-dependent and macrophage-mediated pathways. Moreover, a detailed review of immediate challenges and key recommendations for anti-rheumatic drugs in the COVID-19 setting was presented for better clinical monitoring and management of RA patients. Taken together, present review summarizes available knowledge on the emerging COVID-19 and RA crosstalk and their mechanistic overlaps, challenges, and therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Current Therapeutic Options in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Köhler ◽  
Günther ◽  
Kaudewitz ◽  
Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Early Treatment ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Control Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. Untreated RA leads to a destruction of joints through the erosion of cartilage and bone. The loss of physical function is the consequence. Early treatment is important to control disease activity and to prevent joint destruction. Nowadays, different classes of drugs with different modes of action are available to control the inflammation and to achieve remission. In this review, we want to discuss differences and similarities of these different drugs.

scholarly journals Regulation of inflammatory immune responses leading to the development of bone destructive autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis by IL-27

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Yoshimoto ◽  
Mingli Xu ◽  
Izuru Mizuguchi ◽  
Yukino Chiba ◽  
Sadahiro Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Immune Responses

scholarly journals Natural Products Modulating Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as Potential COVID-19 Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Bello Abubakar ◽  
Dawoud Usman ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Natália Cruz-Martins ◽  
Ibrahim Malami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Properties

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal multisystemic infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, viable therapeutic options that are cost effective, safe and readily available are desired, but lacking. Nevertheless, the pandemic is noticeably of lesser burden in African and Asian regions, where the use of traditional herbs predominates, with such relationship warranting a closer look at ethnomedicine. From a molecular viewpoint, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the crucial first phase of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Here, we review plants with medicinal properties which may be implicated in mitigation of viral invasion either via direct or indirect modulation of ACE2 activity to ameliorate COVID-19. Selected ethnomedicinal plants containing bioactive compounds which may prevent and mitigate the fusion and entry of the SARS-CoV-2 by modulating ACE2-associated up and downstream events are highlighted. Through further experimentation, these plants could be supported for ethnobotanical use and the phytomedicinal ligands could be potentially developed into single or combined preventive therapeutics for COVID-19. This will benefit researchers actively looking for solutions from plant bioresources and help lessen the burden of COVID-19 across the globe.

Updates on coronavirus (COVID-19) and kidney

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e34-e34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Zanyar Athari ◽  
Daryoush Mohajeri ◽  
Mir Alireza Nourazar ◽  
Yousef Doustar
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Renal Disorder

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease developed in Wuhan, China, at first. It involves the respiratory system and other organs like kidney, gastrointestinal tract and nervous system as well. The recent reports indicated that renal disorder is prevalent in coronavirus patients. The aim of this study was to provide a review of nephropathy caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its mechanisms. The Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched. Articles reporting nephropathy, coronavirus disease (COVID-19), coronavirus and the renal injury were included for assessment. Study designs, contrast agents, case reports and results were assessed. Of the assessed studies, suggested mechanisms include sepsis which caused cytokine storm syndrome or perhaps direct cellular injury due to the virus. In patients who were studied, albuminuria, proteinuria, and hematuria as well as an elevation in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were observed. Additionally CT scan of the kidneys showed a decrease in tissue density suggestive of inflammation and interstitial edema. On the other hand, dialysis patients are a high-risk group than the general population. The current treatment for COVID-19 in acute kidney injury includes supportive management or kidney replacement therapy. All patients need to be quarantined. An N95 fit-tested mask and protective clothing and proper equipment are necessary. Some drugs can be effective to inhibit the outcome of this infection such as lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesvir, Chloroquine phosphate, convalescent plasma, tocilizumab, ACEi/ ARBs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers), and hrsACE2 (human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2).

Novel Nano Carriers for the Treatment of Progressive Auto Immune Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Mishra ◽  
Swati Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Novel Drug

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common occurring progressive, autoimmune disease, affecting 1% of the population and the ratio of affected women is three times as compared to men in most developing countries. Clinical manifestations of RA are the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) in blood, tendered joints and soreness of the muscles. Some other factors which may lead to chronic inflammation are genetic and environmental factors as well as adaptive immune response. Several conventional drugs are available for the treatment of RA but have their own drawbacks which can be overcome by the use of novel drug delivery systems. : The objective of the present review is to focus on the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and its current conventional treatment with special reference to the role of novel drug delivery systems encapsulating anti rheumatic drugs and herbal drugs in passive and receptor mediated active targeting against RA. On reviewing the conventional and current therapeutics agains RA, we conclude that, although the current therapy for the treatment of RA is capable enough, yet more advances in the field of targeted drug delivery will sanguinely result in effective and appropriate treatment of this autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals The Role of lncRNA in the Development of Tumors, Including Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8427
Author(s):  
Beata Smolarz ◽  
Anna Zadrożna-Nowak ◽  
Hanna Romanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Cellular Processes

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the largest groups of ribonucleic acids, but, despite the increasing amount of literature data, the least understood. Given the involvement of lncRNA in basic cellular processes, especially in the regulation of transcription, the role of these noncoding molecules seems to be of great importance for the proper functioning of the organism. Studies have shown a relationship between disturbed lncRNA expression and the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. The present article presents a detailed review of the latest reports and data regarding the importance of lncRNA in the development of cancers, including breast carcinoma.

scholarly journals Solar Radiation and Vitamin D: Mitigating Environmental Factors in Autoimmune Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerry K. Schwalfenberg
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

This paper looks at the environmental role of vitamin D and solar radiation as risk reduction factors in autoimmune disease. Five diseases are considered: multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease of the thyroid, and inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical relevant studies and factors that may indicate evidence that autoimmune disease is a vitamin D-sensitive disease are presented. Studies that have resulted in prevention or amelioration of some autoimmune disease are discussed. An example of the utility of supplementing vitamin D in an unusual autoimmune disease, idiopathic thrombocytic purpura, is presented.

scholarly journals COVID-19: a review of current knowledge regarding exposure, quarantine, isolation and other preventive measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110320
Author(s):  
Robert Rosolanka ◽  
Andres F. Henao-Martinez ◽  
Larissa Pisney ◽  
Carlos Franco-Paredes ◽  
Martin Krsak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Speed Up

Deeper understanding of the spread, morbidity, fatality, and development of immune response associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is necessary in order to establish an appropriate epidemiological and clinical response. Exposure control represents a key part of the combat against COVID-19, as the effectiveness of current therapeutic options remains partial. Since the preventive measures have not been sufficiently able to slow down this pandemic, in this article we explore some of the pertinent knowledge gaps, while overall looking to effective vaccination strategies as a way out. Early on, such strategies may need to rely on counting the convalescents as protected in order to speed up the immunization of the whole population.

Immune responses and therapeutic options in psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna S. Afonina ◽  
Elien Van Nuffel ◽  
Rudi Beyaert
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Options
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