Longitudinal Analysis (1994–2020) of Prevalence and Trends of Underweight in Polish Children

Nutritional status disorders are a worldwide problem. Approximately 5.9 million children under the age of five die each year, and 45% of these deaths are related to malnutrition. The aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence of underweight children aged between 6 and 7 years old, living in the Gdańsk, Poland, in the years 1994–2020. The anthropometric parameters of 67,842 children were analysed. BMI (Body Mass Index) value <5 percentile (pc) was defined as underweight. The BMI value was compared to the WHO (World Health Organization) centile charts and the OLAF (research project PL0080) national reference charts. The prevalence of underweight children in relation to the WHO charts was 1.9%; underweight status was found to be more significant in the group of boys (2.1%) than the group of girls (1.7%) (p < 0.001). According to the OLAF centile charts, the underweight figure among all of the study population was 2.1% and no statistical significance between boys (2.1%) and girls (2.0%) was found (p = 0.670). The occurrence of underweight indviduals in the studied group slightly increased in the years 1994–2020. We found a statistically significant increasing linear trend in the analysis of underweight children in our group (p < 0.001), in group of boys (p < 0.001), but not girls (WHO p = 0.603; OLAF p = 0.787). This points to the need to conduct regular screening systems for children and adolescents.

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Time trends in socio-economic, urban-rural and regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho: evidence from Lesotho demographic and health surveys (2004–2014)

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10571-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽

Gebretsadik Shibre ◽

Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Educational Inequality ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

World Health ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background The growing rates of obesity in developing countries are alarming. There is a paucity of evidence about disparities of obesity in Lesotho. This study examined socioeconomic and area-based inequalities in obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho. Methods Data were extracted from the 2004, 2009 and 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Surveys (LDHS) and analyzed through the recently updated Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) of the World Health Organization. Obesity prevalence was disaggregated by four equity stratifiers, namely education, wealth, residence and sub-national region. For each equity stratifier, simple and complex as well as relative and absolute summary measures were calculated. A 95% confidence interval was used to measure statistical significance of findings. Results We noticed substantial wealth-driven (D = -21.10, 95% CI; − 25.94, − 16.26), subnational region (PAR = -11.82, 95%CI; − 16.09, − 7.55) and urban-rural (− 9.82, 95% CI; − 13.65, − 5.99) inequalities in obesity prevalence without the inequalities improved over time in all the studied years. However, we did not identify educational inequality in obesity. Conclusions Wealth-driven and geographical inequalities was identified in Lesotho in all the studied time periods while education related inequalities did not appear during the same time period. All population groups in the country need to be reached with interventions to reduce the burden of obesity in the country.

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Alcohol Intoxication and Suicide by Hanging in Poland

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/alcalc/agaa013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 278-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dorota Lasota ◽

Witold Pawłowski ◽

Paweł Krajewski ◽

Anna Staniszewska ◽

Krzysztof Goniewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

World Health ◽

Target Groups ◽

Demographic Differences ◽

Alcohol Group ◽

Demographic Groups ◽

Study Population ◽

Health Organization ◽

Medical University

Abstract Aims An integral part of the World Health Organization (WHO) plan to reduce suicide by 10% by 2020 is to identify areas and demographic groups, which should be priority target groups for preventive activities. This study aimed to present the demographic differences between victims of suicide by hanging in the Warsaw metropolitan area, in Poland, by examining the sobriety of victims. Methods Data for analysis were obtained from the documentation of the Department of Forensic Medicine (DFM) at the Medical University of Warsaw (MUW). The retrospective analysis included 358 out of 466 victims of suicides by hanging in the Warsaw metropolitan area, in Poland, recorded in the DFM documentation covering 2011–2013. The data gathered included age, gender, the cause of death, a post-mortem examination as well as the level of ethanol in the blood and muscles of victims. Results In both groups, men accounted for a larger percentage of victims than women, P = 0.068. In the no-alcohol group, the victims were older than in the alcohol group (47.52 ± 19.21 vs. 40.88 ± 12.77) (P < 0.001). The majority of the studied population were victims aged 25–34 (22.90%), mainly men (20.95%). Young men were also the largest group among victims in the alcohol group (28.33%). The most numerous age group among no-alcohol group were older victims aged 55–64 (19.10%), especially men (16.29%). Conclusion Regardless of sobriety, men were the largest group of suicide victims in the study population, which means that men die suicide more often than women. Differences in gender proportions are related to age. In the studied population, it was primarily young victims, mainly men. These are the groups that should be priority target groups for preventive activities aimed at reducing the number of suicides. The presence of ethanol in more than half of the victims of suicide in the study population indicates that alcohol is an important suicidal risk factor.

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Implication of violence against women on not performing the cytopathologic test

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Franciele Marabotti Costa Leite ◽

Maria Helena Costa Amorim ◽

Denise Petrucci Gigante

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

World Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pap Tests ◽

Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between intimate partner violence and not performing the cytopathologic test in the last three years. METHODS: It is a transversal study, performed in 26 health units in the city of Vitória, state Espírito Santo, from march to September 2014. The sample was constituted by 106 primary care female users, aging from 30 to 59 years-old. Data on cervical cancer screening were collected, besides the women’s sociodemographic, behavior, obstetric, and gynecological characteristics by an interview, and the World Health Organization recommended tool for identifying violence experiences was applied. The analysis was performed through the chi-square test for association, linear trend for ordinal variables, and the Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. RESULTS: Among the participating women, 14% (95%CI 12.0–17.2) had overdue Pap tests. Most women who did not perform the test had lower schooling levels, lower income, were smokers, in an unmarried union, having had their sexual debut before 15 years-old, three or more pregnancies, and two or more partners in the last 12 months. Women who suffered intimate partner sexual and physical violence were, respectively, 1.64 (95%CI -1.03–2.62) and 1.94 (95%CI 1.28–2.93) times more delayed in the Pap tests than non-victims. CONCLUSIONS: Violence is a significant exacerbating factor and affects women’s health negatively. Women who are physically or sexually victimized by their partners are more vulnerable to not performing Pap tests and, consequently, have fewer chances of early diagnosing cervical cancer.

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Epidemiology and Trend of Head and Neck Cancers in Iran

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n1p189 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 189 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maryam Mirzaei ◽

Seyedeh Akram Hosseini ◽

Mahshid Ghoncheh ◽

Fahimeh Soheilipour ◽

Shahin Soltani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Health Planning ◽

Head And Neck Cancers ◽

World Health ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Standard Population ◽

Health Organization ◽

Increasing Trends

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancers are the sixth common cancer worldwide. It is necessary to inform the trend of incidence for health planning. This study aimed to investigate the trend of head and neck cancers in Iran. METHODS: This study was carried out based on national report on cancer registry in Iran. The crude incidence rate was calculated as per 100,000 people, and Age Standardized incidence Rate (ASR) was estimated using direct standardization and the standard population of World Health Organization (W.H.O). Data was analyzed using the Cochran - Armitage test for linear trend and software of WinPepi 2.1. RESULTS: A total of 25,952 cases of cancers of the head and neck have been registered between 2003 and 2009. The age-standardized incidence rate reached from 4.8 cases per 100,000 in 2003 to 8.5 and 7.4 in 2008 and 2009, respectively, which revealed significantly increasing trends. CONCLUSIONS: According to increasing trend age-standardized rate of head and neck cancer in Iran, it is recommended to identify risk factors and vulnerable groups in order to reduce the burden of this type of cancers.

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Anthropometrically Determined Undernutrition among the Adolescent Girls in Kathmandu Valley

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v13i3.16812 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 224-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Private Schools ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Government School ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Study Population ◽

Health Organization

Background No information exists regarding the health of the adolescent girls residing in Kathmandu valley in urban setup.Objective To evaluate the prevalence of undernutrition among the adolescent girls living in Kathmandu valley. It also aims to know the distribution of weight, height and body mass index of adolescent girls in relation to the different adolescent age groups.Method A cross sectional study was conducted in one government and two private schools in Kathmandu valley from 16th April to 15th September 2010. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standardized methodology as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Standard operational definitions like percentiles, mean, standard deviation and proportions were used for analysis.Result Four hundred adolescent girls were enrolled randomly, out of which 111 girls (27.8%) were from government school and 289 girls (72.2 %) were from private schools. Maximum were of 16 years of age and the least were of 19 years of age, mean age being 15.4 years of age. Of them, early, mid and late adolescents were 41%, 35% and 24% respectively. Around one third of the study population were stunted (32%), one fourth were underweight (24%) and one tenth of them were thin (9.5%) based on National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS )standard.Both underweight and stunted girls were significantly more during the late adolescence period (P<0.001). However, thinness was not significant in any of the three adolescent age groups.Conclusion A high prevalence of undernutrition in terms of stunting, underweight and thinness exists among the adolescent girls in Kathmandu valley.

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Endothelial dysfunction assessment in healthy smokers

Romanian Journal of Medical Practice ◽

10.37897/rjmp.2016.2.8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Adriana TICARĂU ◽

◽

Dumitru MATEI ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

World Health ◽

High Statistical Significance ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽

The World ◽

Social Custom ◽

Health Organization

Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory neoplasms and diseases, and will kill more than one billion people this century, according to the World Health Organization. Smoking induced endothelial dysfunction triggers a new alarm for this social custom, which in connection with metabolic syndrome, who has reached alarming rates of prevalence in recent years, contributes specifically to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to evaluate more parameters of endothelial dysfunction in smokers patients, indicating a high statistical significance of the influence of smoking on arterial stiffness.

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Relationship between well-being, quality of life and hope in family caregivers of schizophrenic people

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0359 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (suppl 1) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Dias Francisquini ◽

Marcos Hirata Soares ◽

Fernanda Pamela Machado ◽

Margarita Antonia Villar Luis ◽

Julia Trevisan Martins

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Well Being ◽

World Health ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

Dispositional Hope ◽

Health Organization

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure and correlate the degree of psychological well-being, quality of life, and dispositional hope in family caregivers of schizophrenic people. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted with 117 relatives of schizophrenic people. We applied a questionnaire of sociodemographic variables was applied, and the instruments World Health Organization 5-Item Well-Being (WHO-5), World Health Organization Quality of Life Abbreviated (WHOQOL-Bref), and Dispositional Hope Scale. We used The Kruskal Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra, and Spearman correlation tests at the level α <0.05. Results: It was possible to observe statistical significance when comparing schooling and age with Disposal Hope; and when comparing the scales used. Conclusion: The study considered that well-being, quality of life, and hope are variables that negatively influence caregiver burden, suggesting schooling as an inverse correlation variable with Dispositional Hope.

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Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in suburban population of 3 municipalities in Nepal

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v8i1.8328 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R Koju ◽

R Gurung ◽

P Pant ◽

S Humagain ◽

CM Yogol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

World Health ◽

South East Asia ◽

Male Population ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Study Population ◽

Health Organization

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world including Nepal. The assessment of risk factors responsible for CVD can predict 10 year risk of CVD. World Health Organization (WHO) risk assessment chart, specially designed for South East Asia Sub-region D can predict the risk of CVD in Nepal. Method and Materials A total 532 study population from Panauti, Banepa and Dhulikhel were calculated their 10 year risk of CVD using WHO/ISH risk prediction chart on the basis of risk factors: age, gender, smoking status, diabetes, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol. Result Ten year risk of developing cardiovascular disease is less than 10% among the population less than 50 years, irrespective of gender. 5% of male population had more than 10% chance of developing cardiovascular events in next ten years. One third of 60 – 69 years people had more than 10% chance of developing cardiovascular disease whereas it increased to 50% among 70 years and older group. Conclusion The assessment of risk factors is quite easy and cheap tool to predict the cardiovascular event, which support to practice the good clinical management to prevent the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v8i1.8328 Nepalese Heart Journal Vol.8(1) 2011 pp.3-7

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Essay Review: Evidence-Based Analysis of the COVID Pandemic

Journal of Scientific Exploration ◽

10.31275/20212157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 662-666

Author(s):

Henry Bauer

Keyword(s):

Medical Information ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

World Health ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Usual Criterion ◽

Health Organization

This short book suggests plausible answers to much of what has seemed inexplicable or unbelievable about what governments, the World Health Organization, and popular media have disseminated about the officially declared global pandemic. The author is a recently graduated Swedish physician who recognized even during his training that many of the generally accepted shibboleths about medical matters are not evidence-based; are often, in fact, contrary to the available evidence. Irrespective of his suggestions about COVID, several points in this book are important for everyone to know: Modern medicine focuses on the handling of emergencies but says “extremely little about how to avoid chronic disease and maximize long term health” (p. 7). More than half of the widely accepted recommendations about nutrition are nonsense, without any basis in solid evidence (p. 8): to eat more fruit, fish, vegetables, whole-grain cereals, and less salt, saturated fat, or meat. Much purportedly scientific medical information stems from inappropriate use of surrogate endpoints and improper statistical analyses (pp. 34–39): The usual criterion for statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) is arbitrary and very weak. The typical marketing ploy of citing relative rather than absolute risks is highly misleading (pp. 40–46). How deadly is COVID?

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Implementation of the Nutritional Health Promotion Center in University Students of the Faculty of Mexicali Medicine

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 192-192

Author(s):

Nadia Ivanna González Ezquivel ◽

Mitzy Dafne Ramírez Romero ◽

Josefina Ruiz Esparza ◽

Carlos Olvera Sandoval ◽

Daniela González Valencia

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

University Students ◽

Average Energy ◽

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Nutritional Health ◽

Health Organization ◽

Index Value

Abstract Objectives To implement the Nutritional Health Promotion Center (CEPSAN) in the population student of the Mexicali medical school during 2019. Methods Descriptive study. It was performed in university students and external volunteers, both sexes; each participant had a nutritional medical history; anthropometric measurement, estimation of the Body Mass Index and analysis of body composition by electrical bioimpedance in ioi 353 equipment; total energy expenditure was determined and an individualized food plan was provided, a challenge system based on the health recommendations of the World Health Organization 2012 was established, food consumption frequency questionnaire (one week) was applied. The results were coded and captured in The Food Processor ESHA version 2016 to estimate nutrients, the protocol was repeated every 15 days. Results Nutritional consultations were carried out with initial medical assessment to a total of n = 84 participants, 50% (n = 42) were university students and the other 50% were external volunteers. 52% of university students were normal weight, while 34% overweight, 12% obese and 2% underweight. 71% of external volunteers were overweight and obese. The average energy consumption in university students was 3000 kcal per day, a guideline to indicate an adequate consumption in quality and quantity during nutritional counseling. The average waist-to-hip index value in university women was 0.82 and in men 0.93, both below the risk point. In external volunteers, the waist-to-hip index was 0.87 and 0.95, women and men, respectively. Conclusions In the first stage of CEPSAN, it was possible to standardize the general care procedure, the timely identification of health risk in patients and the promotion of nutritional health through individualized meal plans. Funding Sources Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente, 2019. UABC-PTC-775.

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