scholarly journals Estimating Relative Efficiency of Electricity Consumption in 42 Countries during the Period of 2008–2017

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Quoc-Chien Luu ◽  
Thi-Kim-Lien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
The World ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Augmentation of electrical equipment is pushing for an increase in energy supply sources all over the world, as electricity consumption (EC) typically rises with growing populations. The value of EC reveals economic development and degree of emissions. Therefore, this research uses the undesirable outputs model in data envelopment analysis (DEA) for estimating relative efficiency of electricity consumption in 42 countries from 2008 to 2017. According to the principle of an undesirable outputs model and studied objectives, variables are selected that included population and EC as inputs, gross domestic product (GDP) as desirable output, and carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) as undesirable outputs. The empirical results indicate that 420 terms of 42 countries during the period of 2008–2017 have 102 efficient and 310 inefficient terms. Moreover, the interplay level between input and output factors every year is presented via scores. The study suggests the effect of EC to human life and propounds the emission status to look for directions to overcome inefficient terms.

Relative Efficiency of Decision Making Units Producing Both Desirable and Undesirable Outputs: A Case of Textile Processing Units in Pakistan.

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (4II) ◽  
pp. 685-698
Author(s):  
Samina Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Decision Making Unit ◽  
Desirable And Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Decision Making Units

This paper aims at measuring the relative efficiency of the most polluting industry in terms of water pollution in Pakistan. The textile processing is country‘s leading sub sector in textile manufacturing with regard to value added production, export, employment, and foreign exchange earnings. The data envelopment analysis technique is employed to estimate the relative efficiency of decision making units that uses several inputs to produce desirable and undesirable outputs. The efficiency scores of all manufacturing units exhibit the environmental consciousness of few producers is which may be due to state regulations to control pollution but overall the situation is far from satisfactory. Effective measures and instruments are still needed to check the rising pollution levels in water resources discharged by textile processing industry of the country. JEL classification: L67, Q53 Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Decision Making Unit (DMU), Relative Efficiency, Undesirable Output

scholarly journals Measuring Efficiency of Generating Electric Processes

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Quoc-Chien Luu ◽  
Thi-Kim-Lien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Measuring Efficiency ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
Effect Level

Electric energy sources are the foundation for supporting for the industrialization and modernization; however, the processes of electricity generation increase CO2 emissions. This study integrates the Holt–Winters model in number cruncher statistical system (NCSS) to estimate the forecasting data and the undesirable model in data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate the efficiency of electricity production in 14 countries all over the world from past to future. The Holt–Winters model is utilized to estimate the future; then, the actual and forecasting data are applied into the undesirable model to compute the performance. From the principle of an undesirable model, the study determines the input and output factors as follows nonrenewable and renewable fuels (inputs), electricity generation (desirable output), and CO2 emissions (undesirable output). The empirical results exhibit efficient/inefficient terms over the period from 2011–2021 while converting these fuels into electricity energy and CO2 emissions. The efficiency reveals the environmental effect level from the electricity generation. The analysis scores recommend a direction for improving the inefficient terms via the principle of inputs and undesirable outputs excess and desirable outputs shortfalls in an undesirable model.

Detecting the multi-period performance and efficiency changes of systems with undesirable outputs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850034
Author(s):  
Monireh Jahani Sayyad Noveiri ◽  
Sohrab Kordrostami ◽  
Alireza Amirteimoori
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Performance Of Systems ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Period System ◽  
Desirable And Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Period Performance ◽  
Decision Making Units

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique to evaluate the relative efficiency of a set of decision making units (DMUs) which is applicable in different systems such as engineering, ecology, and so forth. In real-world situations, there are instances in which production processes of systems must be analyzed in multiple periods while desirable and undesirable outputs are present; therefore, in the current paper, a DEA-based procedure is suggested to estimate the performance of systems with desirable and undesirable outputs over several periods of time. Actually, the overall and period efficiencies of DMUs in the presence of undesirable outputs are calculated by using the DEA technique. Different aspects of disposability, i.e., strong and weak, are considered for undesirable outputs. Moreover, the overall efficiency is indicated as a weighted average of the efficiencies of periods. Efficiency changes between two periods are also estimated. The proposed approach has been tested by a numerical example and applied to evaluate the efficiency of commercial transport industry in 17 countries. The findings show that efficiency scores and their changes between periods might alter by incorporating undesirable outputs into the multi-period system under evaluation; consequently, the proposed approach obtains more rational and accurate results when undesirable outputs are present.

Interval enhanced Russell measure with undesirable outputs based on data envelopment analysis: An efficiency measurement of industry in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Ying-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Efficiency Measurement ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy Data ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Undesirable Output ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Industry ◽  
Complex Production System

China has attracted the attention of the world owing its significant economic achievements, which are supported significantly by its booming industry. However, the issues of energy and pollutants have severely challenged the sustainability of the industry. The efficiency measurement is the premise intended to realize sustainability within the Chinese industry. Because the industry is a complex production system, there exists uncertainties and fuzziness regarding its inputs and outputs. This study proposes the application of an interval to describe these fuzzy data and employ the Enhanced Russell Measure to assess the performance of the Chinese industry, accounting for undesirable output such as pollution. In addition, for the ranking between interval efficiencies, a novel ranking approach based on the holistic acceptability of a possibility degree is proposed. The proposed method provides advice and guidance for decision makers to make appropriate and effective policies to balance industrial development and environmental protection in spite of uncertain and fuzzy data.

scholarly journals DEA-based competition strategy in the presence of undesirable products: An application to paper mills

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Amirteimoori ◽  
Simin Masrouri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Efficient Frontier ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Undesirable Outputs ◽  
Competition Strategy ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
Decision Making Units

In real applications of data envelopment analysis (DEA), there are cases in which undesirable outputs are produced along with desirable outputs in such a way that the total sum of the produced undesirable outputs over the production units must be fixed and constant. In this case, a trade-off between the decision making units (DMUs) is needed to balance the production of undesirable outputs. In a rational sight, this trade-off is done in such a way that all DMUs improve their relative performances. In this paper, a single DEA-based model is proposed to model fixed and variable-sum undesirable outputs in production processes. A common equilibrium efficient frontier is constructed and after reallocating the input/output factors, all decision making units (DMUs) prevail as efficient. A real case of 32 paper mills in China is given. The analysis results demonstrated that some economically developed paper mills have better performance than less developed paper mills; in particular, all efficient paper mills are the developed ones.

scholarly journals Is Internet becoming a Major Contributor for Global warming – The Online Carbon Footprint!!

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Arun Agarwal ◽  
Kabita Agarwal ◽  
Gourav Misra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Interconnected Network ◽  
Global System ◽  
The World ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Presently 21st century is the world of Internet, broadband, satellite TV, mobile phone etc fueled by upcoming 5G (5th Generation) networks. We cannot live one day without internet. More than 70% of us access the Internet on a daily basis which clearly shows the huge potential of this global system of interconnected network and how people around the world get easily addicted to it. Large E- Business and E- Marketing are the outcome of the Internet invasion in human life. But do we really care or think what effect the Internet has on our environment? The reality says in coming years with massive population around 2.5 billion people will be connected to the Internet worldwide, making Internet's energy and carbon footprint will surpass air travel. Hence Internet does not look as green as thought but responsible for Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Cloud Storage, use of various search engines and Emails. This article highlights some adverse effect of Internet on planet Earth and environment as well. Some possible remedies are also discussed for cut in our possible online carbon footprint.

scholarly journals An Application of DEA Windows Analysis to Container Port Production Efficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Cullinane ◽  
Dong-Wook Song ◽  
Ping Ji ◽  
Teng-Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Container Port ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Container Ports ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time

There have been various analyses of the efficiency of container port (or terminal) production using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on cross-sectional data. When time is not considered, the efficiency results derived using this approach can be biased. In order to overcome this problem, this paper applies DEA windows analysis, utilising panel data, to a sample of the world’s major container ports in order to deduce their relative efficiency. The results suggest that estimates of container port efficiency fluctuate over time. The paper concludes that existing programming methods for estimating efficiency are inadequate in capturing the long-term increased efficiency and competitiveness that accrue from significant investments.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY: AN APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ching YANG
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Finite Number ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis Model ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data

The increase in non-performing loans around the world has had quite a negative impact on many nations’ banking systems. To address these problems, many creative regulatory solutions and well-designed risk techniques have been utilized in the hope of reducing non-performing loans to an acceptable level. The purpose of this study is to apply a newly developed data envelopment analysis model to suggest the most efficient plan (called Plan 4) to reduce non-performing loans that can maximize the efficiency of the entire banking industry’s control over the bad debts. For comparison purpose, three other reduction plans are also represented. The four plans are presented using data from Taiwan’s banking industry. The empirical results show that among the plans presented, Plan 4 shows the most effective allocation of the industry-wide reduction target. The plan focuses on a finite number of banks, helping identify the key units to improve industry-wide efficiency. The findings implicitly suggest that the regulator should devise more incentive measures to encourage target banks to perform the non-performing loan reduction task. Our results also suggest that for the regulator, forcing banks to cut their non-performing loans by the same ratio will not help improve the relative efficiency of the industry.

Penerapan Rinfo Sebagai Media Pendukung Untuk Proses Pembelajaran Pada Perguruan Tinggi Raharja

CCIT Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Khanna Tiara ◽  
Ray Indra Taufik Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Life Education ◽  
New Generation

Education is an important factor in human life. According to Ki Hajar Dewantara, education is a civilizing process that a business gives high values ??to the new generation in a society that is not only maintenance but also with a view to promote and develop the culture of the nobility toward human life. Education is a human investment that can be used now and in the future. One other important factor in supporting human life in addition to education, which is technology. In this globalization era, technology has touched every joint of human life. The combination of these two factors will be a new innovation in the world of education. The innovation has been implemented by Raharja College, namely the use of the method iLearning (Integrated Learning) in the learning process. Where such learning has been online based. ILearning method consists of TPI (Ten Pillars of IT iLearning). Rinfo is one of the ten pillars, where it became an official email used by the whole community’s in Raharja College to communicate with each other. Rinfo is Gmail, which is adapted from the Google platform with typical raharja.info as its domain. This Rinfo is a medium of communication, as well as a tool to support the learning process in Raharja College. Because in addition to integrated with TPi, this Rinfo was connected also support with other learning tools, such as Docs, Drive, Sites, and other supporting tools.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR TORTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.

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