scholarly journals Waste to Energy: Solid Fuel Production from Biogas Plant Digestate and Sewage Sludge by Torrefaction-Process Kinetics, Fuel Properties, and Energy Balance

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Martyna Hnat ◽  
Paweł Stępień ◽  
Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska ◽  
Szymon Kugler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Csf Production

Sustainable solutions are needed to manage increased energy demand and waste generation. Renewable energy production from abundant sewage sludge (SS) and digestate (D) from biogas is feasible. Concerns about feedstock contamination (heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria) in SS and D limits the use (e.g., agricultural) of these carbon-rich resources. Low temperature thermal conversion that results in carbonized solid fuel (CSF) has been proposed as sustainable waste utilization. The aim of the research was to investigate the feasibility of CSF production from SS and D via torrefaction. The CSF was produced at 200~300 °C (interval of 20 °C) for 20~60 min (interval 20 min). The torrefaction kinetics and CSF fuel properties were determined. Next, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of SS and D torrefaction were used to build models of energy demand for torrefaction. Finally, the evaluation of the energy balance of CSF production from SS and D was completed. The results showed that torrefaction improved the D-derived CSF’s higher heating value (HHV) up to 11% (p < 0.05), whereas no significant HHV changes for SS were observed. The torrefied D had the highest HHV of 20 MJ∙kg−1 under 300 °C and 30 min, (the curve fitted value from the measured time periods) compared to HHV = 18 MJ∙kg−1 for unprocessed D. The torrefied SS had the highest HHV = 14.8 MJ∙kg−1 under 200 °C and 20 min, compared to HHV 14.6 MJ∙kg−1 for raw SS. An unwanted result of the torrefaction was an increase in ash content in CSF, up to 40% and 22% for SS and D, respectively. The developed model showed that the torrefaction of dry SS and D could be energetically self-sufficient. Generating CSF with the highest HHV requires raw feedstock containing ~15.4 and 45.9 MJ∙kg−1 for SS and D, respectively (assuming that part of feedstock is a source of energy for the process). The results suggest that there is a potential to convert biogas D to CSF to provide renewable fuel for, e.g., plants currently fed/co-fed with municipal solid waste.

scholarly journals Improving the Solid Fuel Properties of Non-Lignocellulose and Lignocellulose Materials through Torrefaction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
Nwokolo Nwabunwanne ◽  
Tonga Vuyokazi ◽  
Adeniji Olagoke ◽  
Ojemaye Mike ◽  
Mukumba Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass

Biomass torrefaction is a thermal pre-treatment technique that improves solid fuel properties in relation to its efficient utilization for energy generation. In this study, the torrefaction performance of sewage sludge, a non-lignocellulose biomass and sugarcane bagasse, a lignocellulose biomass were investigated in an electric muffle furnace. The influence of torrefaction temperature on the physiochemical properties of the produced biomaterial were examined. Characterization of the raw and torrefied biomass material were studied using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy. From the result obtained, it was evident that an increase in torrefaction temperature up to 350 °C caused a 33.89% and 45.94% decrease in volatile matter content of sewage sludge and sugarcane bagasse, respectively. At a higher temperature of 350 °C, the peak corresponding to OH stretching of hydroxyl group decreased in intensity for both biomasses, showing a decomposition of the hydroxyl group as a result of torrefaction. This enriched the lignin content of the torrefied samples, thus making these solid fuels good feedstock for energy production.

scholarly journals The Enhancement of Energy Efficiency in a Wastewater Treatment Plant through Sustainable Biogas Use: Case Study from Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Masłoń ◽  
Joanna Czarnota ◽  
Aleksandra Szaja ◽  
Joanna Szulżyk-Cieplak ◽  
Grzegorz Łagód
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Process Implementation

The improvement of energy efficiency ensuring high nutrients removal is a great concern for many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The energy balance of a WWTP can be improved through the application of highly efficient digestion or its intensification, e.g., through the introduction of the co-substrates with relatively high energy potential to the sewage sludge (SS). In the present study, the overview of the energetic aspect of the Polish WWTPs was presented. The evaluation of energy consumption at individual stages of wastewater treatment along with the possibilities of its increasing was performed. Additionally, the influence of co-digestion process implementation on the energy efficiency of a selected WWTP in Poland was investigated. The evaluation was carried out for a WWTP located in Iława. Both energetic and treatment efficiency were analyzed. The energy balance evaluation of this WWTP was also performed. The obtained results indicated that the WWTP in Iława produced on average 2.54 GWh per year (7.63 GWh of electricity in total) as a result of the co-digestion of sewage sludge with poultry processing waste. A single cubic meter of co-substrates fed to the digesters yielded an average of 25.6 ± 4.3 Nm3 of biogas (between 18.3 and 32.2 Nm3/m3). This enabled covering the energy demand of the plant to a very high degree, ranging from 93.0% to 99.8% (98.2% on average). Importantly, in the presence of the co-substrate, the removal efficiency of organic compounds was enhanced from 64% (mono-digestion) to 69–70%.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

Scaling up self-sustained smouldering of sewage sludge for waste-to-energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
Tarek L. Rashwan ◽  
Taryn Fournie ◽  
José L. Torero ◽  
Gavin P. Grant ◽  
Jason I. Gerhard
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Waste To Energy

scholarly journals Stan i perspektywy wykorzystania biogazu jako nośnika energii do zastosowań stacjonarnych i środków transportu

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Biernat ◽  
Izabela Różnicka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Both governmental and international programs support the promotion of biofuels and aim to increase the limit of renewable energy used in the fuel energy balance. Biogas is produced during the anaerobic methane fermentationprocess and it is known as a significant source of renewable energy, contributing to agriculture and environmental protection. Three types of biogas can be distinguished: biogas from sewage sludge, biogas collected from land`fils, andagricultural biogas. There are several possibilities of using upgraded biogas. Biogas can be used in cogeneration systems to provide heat and electricity, in transportation as a motor fuel and in the production of biohydrogen. Biogas upgrading process leads to a product which is characterized by the same parameters as compressed natural gas. Direct biogas use in the production of hydrogen is possible because of prior purification from traces like hydrogen sulfide, except carbon dioxide, by which the reaction can proceed in the desired manner.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ash related problems during sewage sludge combustion

2019 ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Agnes Serbanescu ◽  
Mona Barbu ◽  
Ionut Cristea ◽  
Gina Catrina ◽  
Georgiana Cernica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Sludge Ash

A good function of waste-to-energy installation requires knowledge of the combustion characteristics of the fuel and fusion characteristics of the ash produced in the combustion process. Sewage sludge could be considered as renewable fuel due the high quantity of organics of sufficiently high calorific value. The combustion of sewage sludge can cause operating problems due to high ash content containing mineral compounds. This paper presents the oxide composition of three kinds of sewage sludge ashes and the influence on the slagging and fouling process in combustion. For comparation, two coal samples were selected, a low and a high rank coal. The mineral matter were investigated by the X-ray fluorescence analytical technique using the Rigaku CG X-ray Spectrofluorimeter. The evaluation of slagging and fouling process was performed on the basis of some indices: the basic oxides, the base-to-acid ratio, the slagging index and the fouling index. The conclusion based on experimental studies is that depending on mineral content the sewage sludge ash can cause high to moderate slagging and fouling hazard.

scholarly journals Energy requirement of biomass gasifier model with special reference to odanthurai panchayat in coimbatore district

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
PERIYASAMY P
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Decentralized Energy

Energy is the driving force primarily associated with the economic and social development of a country. Energy serves as the building block of any industry or services, which in turn propel the economy of any nation. But energy at affordable price is the prime challenge which developing countries are facingtoday as a result of continuous increase in primary energy cost. Biomass such as wood, crop residues,agricultural residues. Forest waste, etc., are the oldest source of heat energy for domestic purposes. The energy requirement and end use of energy at rural areas are quite different from urban environment, whichare basic and essential amenities like lighting, water pumping and power for small industries dominate village energy requirements. Even now Coimbatore has rural and urban that need some form of energy other that gird electricity to light up the darkness, to improve its economy and to increase the livingstandards of the rural people. If Odanthurai Panchayat has to achieve its goal of becoming a leading electricity power in Coimbatore. The Odanthurai will have to find modern and renewable ways of producing energy to bridge the increasing gap between demand and supply for electricity supply. In recent years modern biomass conversion technologies have been developed which can convert biomass fuels into various energy forms. These technologies can play an important role in providing sustainable solutions for decentralized energy demand in villages and industries. The economic and environmental conditions of rural areas can be improved only by means of local empowerment and decentralized energy generation.Gasifier can play an important role in the upliftment of rural people as it serves the purpose of economic and environmental improvement. This shows that the substitution of petroleum products and CO2 emission reduction, power generation, assessment of the social impacts and economic viability. So the successful model of Odanthurai can be replicated anywhere to fulfill the energy and other essential needs of rural people.

Developing vietnam's oil and gas industry in association with energy and economic security in the international integration period

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Thuong San Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Total Production ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Gas Industry

Oil and gas is a non-renewable resource that plays an important role in the economy. It is forecasted that by the middle of the twenty-first century, oil and gas still holds the leading position in primary energy balance in many countries. The world energy consumption in 2020 was over 4.1 billion tons of oil and 3,853 billion m3 of gas [1]. During 60 years of construction and development, Vietnam's oil and gas industry has made important contributions to the economy, especially helping the country overcome the energy crisis and budget deficit in the 1990s. By the end of 2020, the total production amounted to over 424 million tons of oil and condensate, and over 160 billion m3 of gas; at one time even contributing nearly 30% of the State budget and 22 - 25% of the GDP. Especially, the formation of important coastal petroleum industrial zones and oil and gas projects on the continental shelf have contributed to ensuring national sovereignty and national security. The demand for oil and gas in the energy balance increases rapidly with the speed of socio-economic development. It is forecasted that in the near future, Vietnam will no longer be self-sufficient in supply and must import completely to meet the country's energy demand. In parallel with proactively implementing urgent technical and technological solutions, Vietnam's oil and gas industry needs mechanisms to increase reserves and maintain oil and gas output, as well as prepare the next steps for transition to energy forms with low greenhouse gas emissions and renewable energy.

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