scholarly journals A Multi-Criteria Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization in Different Cultivars of Winter Rapeseed—Productivity, Economic and Energy Balance

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Antoni Groth ◽  
Mateusz Sokólski ◽  
Krzysztof Józef Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Long Stem ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Sulfur Fertilization

This article presents the results of a three-year experiment involving a multi-criteria evaluation (productivity, economic and energy balance) of the effectiveness of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization in different cultivars of winter oilseed rape (open-pollinated, semi-dwarf hybrid, long-stem hybrid) grown in north-eastern (NE) Poland. The yield of the semi-dwarf cultivar was 11% lower than the yield of the long-stem hybrid cultivar and 18% higher than the yield of the open-pollinated cultivar. In all cultivars, N fertilization improved yields up to a rate of 180 kg ha−1 and up to a rate of 230 kg ha−1 in years with low precipitation in spring and summer. Seed yield increased in all cultivars in response to S fertilization at 40 kg ha−1. Higher rates of N fertilizer decreased the content of crude fat and glucosinolates (GLS) and increased the concentration of total protein in all cultivars. Sulfur fertilization increased the content of total protein (in long-stem cultivars) and GLS (in all cultivars). Production costs ranged from €542–624 ha−1 (≤130 kg N ha−1) to €619–697 ha−1 (≥180 kg N ha−1). The demand for energy in the production of winter rapeseed ranged from 14.5–19.3 GJ ha−1 (≤130 kg N ha−1) to 22.4–27.0 GJ ha−1 (≥180 kg N ha−1).

scholarly journals On Energy Balance and Production Costs in Tubular and Flat Panel Photobioreactors

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Norsker ◽  
Maria J. Barbosa ◽  
Mariam H. Vermuë ◽  
René H. Wijffels
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Tubular Reactors

Reducing mixing in both flat panel and tubular photobioreactors can result in a positive net energy balance with state-of-the-art technology and Dutch weather conditions. In the tubular photobioreactor, the net energy balance becomes positive at velocities < 0.3 ms-1, at which point the biomass production cost is 3.2 €/kg dry weight. In flat panel reactors, this point is at an air supply rate < 0.25 vol vol-1 min-1, at which the biomass production cost is 2.39 €/kg dry weight. To achieve these values in flat panel reactors, cheap low pressure blowers must be used, which limits the panel height to a maximum of 0.5 m, and in tubular reactors the tubes must be hydraulically smooth. For tubular reactors, it is important to prevent the formation of wall growth in order to keep the tubes hydraulically smooth. This paper shows how current production costs and energy requirement could be decreased.

Comparison of Economic Efficiency of Rapeseed Production in Farms with Varied Fertilization Variants

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Dobek ◽  
Paweł Kołosowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Rapeseed Production ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Intensive Breeding

AbstractIntensive breeding is related to formation of considerable amount of manure which may be used as a natural fertilizer. Manure fertilization may cause reduction of the amount of applied mineral fertilizers and thus reduction of production costs. It may particularly relate to the species with great fertilization requirements such as winter rapeseed. The objective of the research was to compare economic efficiency of rapeseed production in two farms which use different fertilization variants. In one, only mineral fertilizers were used and in the second one – mineral fertilization was supplemented with manure organic fertilization. The use of manure caused reduction of expenditures on materials and raw materials used in production, in particular of fertilizers. At comparable yields obtained by two farms, technology based on manure fertilization proved to be more efficient.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization Levels on Mineral Composition of Cannabis sativa L. Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni WOGIATZI ◽  
Nikolaos GOUGOULIAS ◽  
Kyriakos D. GIANNOULIS ◽  
Christina-Anna KAMVOUKOU
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Digital Object ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Nutrients Concentration

A field experiment was conducted in central Greece to study the effect of two irrigation (I1: 100% ETo, I2: 60% ETo) and N-fertilization levels (N1: 244, N2: 184 kg ha-1), on the nutrients concentration of Cannabis sativa leaves (cv. ‘Fibranova’). The  N, K, Ca, Mg, P -concentration in the leaves was ranged by 2.8 to 3.51%, 1.8 to 2.57%, 1.96 to 2.17%, 0.86 to 0.88%, and 0.3 to 0.37% respectively, while by the micronutrients the iron showed the highest concentration that ranged by 129 to 139.8 mg kg-1dw. The treatment I1F1, where the highest level of irrigation and N -fertilization was applied, compared to the other treatments, showed the highest dry biomass yield, however, in the leaves the highest concentrations of N, K, Mn and Cu were not observed. Moreover, it was found that the N, K, Ca, Mg, P and Fe removal only by one ton dry biomass of leaves was ranged by 28 to 35.12 kg, 18.01 to 25.65 kg, 19.6 to 21.7 kg, 8.34 to 8.75 kg, 3.01 to 3.70 kg and 0.129 to 0.140 kg, respectively. These results could contribute optimal fertilizer application and therefore to the reduction of production costs of the crop.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Productivity, Energy and Economic Balance in the Production of Different Cultivars of Winter Oilseed Rape. A Case Study in North-Eastern Poland

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sokólski ◽  
Krzysztof Józef Jankowski ◽  
Dariusz Załuski ◽  
Artur Szatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Input ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Long Stem

In this study, the agricultural inputs, energy requirements and costs associated with the production of semi-dwarf (PR45 D03 and Avenir) and long-stem (Visby) cultivars of winter oilseed rape were optimized in an experiment with 35-1 fractional factorial design. A field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (north-eastern Poland) in 2008–2011. The study investigated the responses of two morphotypes of hybrid cultivars of winter oilseed rape to key yield-forming factors (seeding date, seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization) and yield protection factors (fungal disease control). Agronomic inputs were tested at three levels. Our findings indicate that production technologies (characterized by a different intensity of agricultural inputs) should target the specific requirements of winter oilseed rape cultivars. Semi-dwarf cultivars of winter oilseed rape (PR45 D03 and Avenir) were characterized by higher yield potential at different input levels than the long-stem cultivar (Visby). Semi-dwarf cultivars required higher levels of agricultural inputs than the long-stem cultivar. Semi-dwarf cultivars grown in high-input technologies were characterized by the highest energy efficiency ratio. In contrast, the long-stem cultivar was characterized by the optimal energy input-energy output ratio in the low-input technology. Regardless of cultivar, high-input production technologies were more profitable because the resulting increase in seed yield significantly outweighed the rise in production costs.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Chemical Performance of Corn Cultivars under Inoculation and Co-Inoculation with Diazotrophic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11765-11777
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

The intense use of agricultural fertilizers in corn crops results in serious environmental impacts, an increase in production costs, and the reduction of the soil microbial population. An alternative to these problems is the use of microorganisms present in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and chemical potential of different corn cultivars under inoculation and co-inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria Azospirillum brasiliense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. A field experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a bifactorial scheme. Factor A consisted of inoculation (use of an isolate) and co-inoculation (use of the two bacteria) and factor D, of corn cultivars (creole and hybrid) submitted to different N doses (40 and 80 kg/ ha or 50% and 100% of N dose recommended). The grain yield was up to 11862.7 kg/ ha for the hybrid cultivar treated with bacteria co-inoculation. The oil and protein yields were up to 31 ± 14.9 g oil/ 100 g sample and 1.1 ± 0.2 g protein/ 100 g sample. Thus, the use of inoculation and co-inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria can be applied in the management of corn production as a strategy to reduce production costs and obtain higher yields.

scholarly journals A Survey of Fertility Program Responses of Kentucky Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Yield and Quality for Cigars Manufacture in the Benevento Province (Southern Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Maria Isabella Sifola ◽  
Linda Carrino ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Sara Ianuario ◽  
Andrea Lucibelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total N ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Light Filler

SummaryNitrogen (N) fertilization of Kentucky dark fire-cured tobacco can be used to increase weight of high quality cured leaves for cigar manufacture. We conducted field experiments at 11 different locations in the province of Benevento (Southern Italy) where the following four N treatments were compared: 1) unfertilized control (N0); 2) a site-specific N rate, calculated by a N fertilization plan (NFP) based on physical and chemical soil characteristics, which ranged between 113 and 145 kg N ha−1; 3) 200 kg N ha−1 (rate commonly used by farmers, N200); 4) 100 kg N ha−1 (half of the rate commonly used by farmers, N100). Yields of the following five commercial quality categories of cured leaves were measured: i) wrappers, ii) heavy filler (Fh), iii) light filler (Fl), iv) heavy shredded (Sh) and v) light shredded (Sl). Fh cured products of B1, B4, B6 and B10 locations were analyzed for: total alkaloids, reducing sugars, chlorides, total N (Kjeldahl), ammonium-N (NH4-N), nitrate-N (NO3-N), and tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Color parameters: Lightness (L), Chroma (C) and Hue (H) were determined on five cured leaves / plot of both Fh and Fl types at B1, B2, B3, B6, B8 and B10. A blind evaluation of cured leaves collected across locations was conducted by a panel test who considered the main basic characteristics of cured leaves (stalk position, leaf structure, texture, etc.). The total yield of cured products increased with fertilization across locations, up to NFP treatment, without any statistically significant increase at N200 treatment. Fertilization increased yield of wrappers at B1 up to NFP treatment (113.5 kg N ha−1), without any significant increase at N200 treatment. Yield of light filler product was positively influenced by fertilization up to the maximum dose only in 5 out of 11 locations. Total alkaloids significantly increased with increasing fertilization up to 100 kg N ha−1 without any significant changes at higher N rate. Fertilization hardly increased L and C of Fl leaves, which appeared light-brown but brilliant-colored. There was a reduction in the H value of Fh products which indicated a darker tone of those leaves with respect to Fl. Increasing N rate affected production costs more than revenues. According to agronomic results, in most locations the best results in terms of net revenues were obtained by NFP treatment. Considering that N rates above the NFP would disqualify growers from the economic aids provided by EU agrienvironmental measures, by economic point of view the NFP treatment would be recommended over the current grower standard (N200).

Production Costs and Net Energy Balance of Liquid and Gaseous Biofuels

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Filippo Randelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

From the analysis carried out, it emerges that first generation biofuels don’t seem to be the best solution because of high production cost, limited land availability and low net energy balance. Furthermore, only a small quantity of biofuels can be produced as alternative to fossil oil because an incremental production will lead to the rising of agri-food prices. Biogas handling waste products can be a good opportunity in terms of net energy balance, in particular if we consider also targets within the EU on reducing the amounts of biodegradable waste going to landfills and/or incineration. Only second generation biofuels could be a possible solution, although they still require much supplementary research and analysis.

scholarly journals Nitrogen use efficiency in crops with new and available technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-266
Author(s):  
D BLAISE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The One

Among fertilizers, nitrogen (N) is the one that is used in the largest amounts mainly due to immediate response to the fertilizer-N application. However, the N use efficiency (NUE) is very low leading to high production costs and also a threat to the environment. Therefore, improving NUE is imperative. The 4 R’s (right quantity, right time, right method and right source) should be considered as the first step for enhancing NUE. Best management practices (BMP’s) of production and protection need to be adopted in order to achieve high NUE. Integration of novel N sources and nanofertilizers and better N fertilization products would lead to high NUE. Furthermore, novel techniques such as Precision Nutrient Management and Variable Rate Application to time nutrient application with crop need, and remote sensing are upcoming technologies that will bring about considerable savings in fertilizer-N. Further we should also account for plant physiological processes, including the diversity of mineral nutrient uptake mechanisms, their translocation and metabolism in order to breed and develop crop cultivars that are efficient N users.

scholarly journals The deleterious effect of postpartum pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
Yahia A. Amin ◽  
Rana A. Ali ◽  
Samer S. Fouad ◽  
Rawia M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Breeding Soundness ◽  
Reproductive Indices

Background and Aim: Postpartum uterine infectious diseases, such as pyometra, have discrepancy with both health and, subsequently, productivity of dairy cows due to its high prevalence and the high cost of treatment. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of the pyometric animal compared to those of healthy ones. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 cows. The animals were differentiated into two groups of 15 cows each: A group of pyometra and a control group. All pyometric cows were subjected to breeding soundness examination after the end of pyometra and were compared to the control group. Blood samples were obtained to assess the levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, progesterone hormone (P4), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase. Results: Results revealed significant prolonged duration of first estrus, the days open, and the required number of services due to pyometra. The pyometra group yielded increased levels of NEFA, TGs, ALP, BUN, creatinine, MDA, and progesterone hormone. In addition, significant decrease in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, Ca, phosphorus, sodium, TAC, GPx, and superoxide dismutase was observed in the pyometra group. Finally, no difference in the concentrations of total protein, ALT, AST, and potassium was observed in the pyometra group. Conclusion: The reproductive indices was adversely influenced in cows with postpartum pyometra, and metabolic profile, involving energy balance signals and liver function indicators, revealed differences between the two groups. Increased levels of oxidative stress parameters and decrease levels of antioxidant levels were also found, suggesting that pyometra is an incentive for oxidative stress. Overall, checking the energy balance, metabolic imbalances, and oxidant/antioxidant profile, accompanied with pre-emptive procedures during the postpartum period, is essential and can reduce the chances of such diseases and possible noxious results in highly productive cows.

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