scholarly journals Characterization of Customized Encapsulant Polyvinyl Butyral Used in the Solar Industry and Its Impact on the Environment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5391
Author(s):  
Samer Khouri ◽  
Marcel Behun ◽  
Lucia Knapcikova ◽  
Annamaria Behunova ◽  
Marian Sofranko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Exposure Testing

Taking climate and geopolitical issues into account, we must shift our thinking towards “eco” and focus on renewable energy. The accessible solar energy represents 400 times the amount of consumption, while its potential represents 10,000 times the amount of demand. The paper aims to analyze recycled, customized polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with high purity (more than 98%) concerning its physicochemical and mechanical properties and its possible applicability in the photovoltaic industry as an encapsulating material. The detailed investigation on polyvinyl butyral starting from characterizations, homogenization, and moulding process to tensile tests and used exposure testing in laboratory apparatus are performed. Samples of recycled polyvinyl butyral were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the value 0.76 W.m–2.nm–1 at 340 nm, water spray, drying at 50 °C and condensation for 320 h when the radiation was turned off. The results obtained were more controlled in a laboratory environment than those found in external, uncontrolled environments. These conditions subsequently accelerate any degradation of polyvinyl butyral as a material and subsequent degradation of the final product.

Enhancing the Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Hemp Protein Particles (HPP) Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
S. A. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solution Casting Method ◽  
Protein Particles

Abstract This paper aims to describe the thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of a PVA/HPP blend whereby the film was prepared using a solution casting method. The improvements in thermal and mechanical properties of HPP-based PVA composites were investigated. The characterization of pure PVA and PVA composite films included tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of TGA and DSC indicated that the addition of HPP increased the thermal decomposition temperature of the composites. Mechanical properties are significantly improved in PVA/HPP composites. The thermal stability of the PVA composite increased with the increase of HPP filler content. The tensile strength increased from 15.74 ± 0.72 MPa to 27.54 ± 0.45 MPa and the Young’s modulus increased from 282.51 ± 20.56 MPa to 988.69 ± 42.64 MPa for the 12 wt% HPP doped sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that at elevated temperatures, enhanced mechanical properties because of the presence of HPP was even more noticeable. Morphological observations displayed no signs of agglomeration of HPP fillers even in composites with high HPP loading.

scholarly journals Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al-0.80Mg-0.85Si-0.3Zr Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kahrıman ◽  
M. Zeren
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Direct Chill ◽  
Peak Hardness ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Three Stages

Abstract In this study, Al-0.80Mg-0.85Si alloy was modified with the addition of 0.3 wt.-% zirconium and the variation of microstructural features and mechanical properties were investigated. In order to produce the billets, vertical direct chill casting method was used and billets were homogenized at 580 °C for 6 h. Homogenized billets were subjected to aging practice following three stages: (i) solution annealing at 550 °C for 3 h, (ii) quenching in water, (iii) aging at 180 °C between 0 and 20 h. The hardness measurements were performed for the alloys following the aging process. It was observed that peak hardness value of Al-0.80Mg-0.85Si alloy increased with the addition of zirconium. This finding was very useful to obtain aging parameters for the extruded hollow profiles which are commonly used in automotive industry. Standard tensile tests were applied to aged profiles at room temperature and the results showed that modified alloy had higher mechanical properties compared to the non-modified alloy.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nanobainitic Structure Obtained in 100Crmnsi6-4 Steel after Industrial Heat Treatment/ Charakteryzacja Struktury Nanobainitycznej Wytworzonej W Handlowej Stali Łożyskowej – 100Crmnsi6-4 W Przemysłowej Obróbce Cieplnej

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1637-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dworecka ◽  
E. Jezierska ◽  
K. Rozniatowski ◽  
W. Swiatnicki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microstructure Parameters ◽  
Static Tensile

Abstract The aim of the work was to produce a nanobainitic structure in the commercial bearing steel - 100CrMnSi6-4 and to characterize its structure and mechanical properties. In order to produce this structure the austempering heat treatment was performed, with parameters that have been selected on the basis of dilatometric measurements of phase transformation kinetics in steel. The heat treatment process was performed in laboratory as well as in industrial furnaces. The obtained structure was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. In order to investigate the effect of the microstructure parameters on the material’s mechanical properties, the hardness, impact strength and static tensile tests have been conducted.

scholarly journals Study of Mechanical Properties of PHBHV/Miscanthus Green Composites Using Combined Experimental and Micromechanical Approaches

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Thibault Lemaire ◽  
Erica Gea Rodi ◽  
Valérie Langlois ◽  
Estelle Renard ◽  
Vittorio Sansalone
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Green Wood ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
The One

In recent years the interest in the realization of green wood plastic composites (GWPC) materials has increased due to the necessity of reducing the proliferation of synthetic plastics. In this work, we study a specific class of GWPCs from its synthesis to the characterization of its mechanical properties. These properties are related to the underlying microstructure using both experimental and modeling approaches. Different contents of Miscanthus giganteus fibers, at 5, 10, 20, 30 weight percent’s, were thus combined to a microbial matrix, namely poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV). The samples were manufactured by extrusion and injection molding processing. The obtained samples were then characterized by cyclic-tensile tests, pycnometer testing, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. The possible effect of the fabrication process on the fibers size is also checked. In parallel, the measured properties of the biocomposite were also estimated using a Mori–Tanaka approach to derive the effective behavior of the composite. As expected, the addition of reinforcement to the polymer matrix results in composites with higher Young moduli on the one hand, and lower failure strains and tensile strengths on the other hand (tensile modulus was increased by 100% and tensile strength decreased by 23% when reinforced with 30 wt % of Miscanthus fibers).

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2Nanoparticles with Polycarbonate and Investigation of its Mechanical Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (05n06) ◽  
pp. 1750012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Jahantigh ◽  
Mehdi Nazirzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this project, nanocomposite films were prepared with different Titanium dioxide (TiO2) percentages. Properties of polycarbonate (PC) and PC–TiO2nanocomposite films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The structure of samples was studied by XRD. The mechanical properties of PC–TiO2nanocomposite films were investigated by conducting tensile tests and hardness measurements. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. The elastic modulus of the composite increased with increasing weight fraction of nanoparticles. The microhardness value increases with increasing TiO2nanoparticles. The results of tensile testing were in agreement with those of micro-hardness measurements. In addition, TGA curves showed that nanocomposite films have higher resistance to thermal degradation compared to polycarbonate. There are many reports related to the modification of polycarbonate films, but still a systematic study of them is required.

Mechanical characterization of tetraxial textiles

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ghazimoradi ◽  
Valter Carvelli ◽  
Maria Chiara Marchesi ◽  
Roberto Frassine
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Digital Image Correlation Technique ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Out Of Plane

In this paper, the mechanical properties of different tetraxial fabrics are investigated. Fabrics were produced using an innovative loom capable of weaving four threads at the same time with complete discretion of yarn type and count. The experimental investigation deals with in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical testing of tetraxial fabrics, as well as yarns made of four different materials (polyethylene terephthalate, glass, aramid, and basalt). The digital image correlation technique was used to measure the in-plane strain field for both uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests. The extensive experimental campaign allowed for a complete mechanical characterization of this novel fabric architecture including interlacement of different yarns.

Identification of the Gradient of Mechanical Properties in Electron Beam Welded Joints of Thick Al6061-T6 Plate

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rekik ◽  
O. Ancelet ◽  
C. Gardin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Specimen ◽  
Experimental Methodology

In this paper, the mechanical behavior of the different metallurgical zones of the Electron Beam welded joint of thick Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 plates was identified by means of a single tensile test on round specimen oriented transversely to the fusion line. Commonly, the analysis of tensile tests allows a global characterization of the weld joint behavior. However, in this work, specific post processing of results was developed in order to determine in addition to standard findings, the local behavior on each position of the weld joint. The identified behavior laws are then simplified using the Hollomon analytical model. Hence, an evolution of the Hollomon parameters (n, K) along the weld joint is proposed. To validate the experimental methodology and the analytical approach, the experimental tensile test on crossed tensile specimen was numerically modeled. Experimental results and numerical simulations were in a good agreement which denotes of the reliability of the identified gradient model. In a second step, for more accurate characterization of the electron beam welded joint, an optimized geometry of tensile specimen was numerically dimensioned and tested. From these analyses, a relatively large heat affected zone with significant gradients of mechanical properties was highlighted. The fusion zone was qualified as the softest metallurgical zone but with a high strain hardening effect in contrary with the heat affected zone where the fracture occurs.

The Characterization of a New Antibacterial Polyurethane

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1609-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ti ◽  
Jian Ru Wu ◽  
Da Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this paper, Fe-OCAP/PU blends were prepared. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the samples were studied by tensile tests and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Results showed that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the samples were improved with the increase of Fe-OCAP content. The antibacterial property of Fe-OCAP and Fe-OCAP/PU films was investigated by agar diifusion method and shake flask method, respectively. Fe-OCAP and Fe-OCAP/PU films showed efficient antibacterial activity againstS.aureus.

SEM Characterization of Al3Ni Intermetallics and its Influence on Mechanical Properties of Directionally Solidified Hypoeutectic Al-Ni Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Spinelli ◽  
M.V. Canté ◽  
Noé Cheung ◽  
Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël ◽  
Amauri Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Casting Length

Rod-like Al3Ni intermetallic structures have been widely studied by Bridgman techniques of solidification. However, there is a lack of experiments conducted under unsteady-state solidification conditions. Such conditions are very close to the industrial reality since the thermal solidification variables (tip cooling rate, tip growth rate and thermal gradient) are freely changing as solidification progresses. In this research, Al3Ni structures found in hypoeutectic Al-Ni alloys were characterized under transient solidification conditions. Two Al-Ni alloys (1.0 and 5.0 wt%Ni) were directionally solidified. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) micrographs were obtained along the casting length (P). It was possible to observe with adequate magnifications the distribution of rod-like Al3Ni particles along the interdendritic regions. In order to emphasize the examination of morphology and distribution of such particles, the aluminum-rich matrix was dissolved by immersion of the sample in a fluoride acid solution (0.5%HF + 99.5% H2O). The effects of nickel content, dendritic arrangement and Al3Ni distribution on mechanical properties were investigated by tensile tests.

scholarly journals Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of a Custom-Built Implant Manufactured in Titanium Alloy by Direct Metal Laser Sintering

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 945819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Larosa ◽  
André Luiz Jardini ◽  
Cecília Amélia de Carvalho Zavaglia ◽  
Paulo Kharmandayan ◽  
Davi Reis Calderoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Direct Metal Laser Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Craniomaxillofacial Surgery ◽  
The One

Custom-built implants manufacture has always presented difficulties which result in high cost and complex fabrication, mainly due to patients’ anatomical differences. The solution has been to produce prostheses with different sizes and use the one that best suits each patient. Additive manufacturing technology, incorporated into the medical field in the late 80's, has made it possible to obtain solid biomodels facilitating surgical procedures and reducing risks. Furthermore, this technology has been used to produce implants especially designed for a particular patient, with sizes, shapes, and mechanical properties optimized, for different areas of medicine such as craniomaxillofacial surgery. In this work, the microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V samples produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) are studied. The microstructural and mechanical characterizations have been made by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness and tensile tests. Samples produced by DMLS have a microstructure constituted by hexagonal α′ martensite with acicular morphology. An average microhardness of 370 HV was obtained and the tensile tests showed ultimate strength of 1172 MPa, yield strength of 957 MPa, and elongation at rupture of 11%.

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