Hydrogeochemistry and Related Processes Controlling the Formation of the Chemical Composition of Thermal Water in Podhale Trough, Poland

The most promising Polish region in terms of its geothermal resource potential is the Podhale Trough in the Inner West Carpathians, where the thermal water occurs in the Eocene-Mesozoic strata. The origin and conditions of formation of the chemical composition of the thermal water are different in a regional scale due to the impact of infiltrating water on the chemical compounds present in nearby thermal intakes, chemical processes responsible for the concentration of major elements and residence time. The article presents the regional conceptual model in regard to the factors controlling the chemistry of thermal water from Podhale Trough and the conditions of its exchange. It was allowed by performing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of studied water and analyzing its changes according to flow direction from HCO3-Ca-Mg type to SO4-Cl-Na-Ca and SO4-Ca-Mg types. The hydrogeochemical modelling was also made allowing identification of the impact of reservoir rocks on the formation of the chemical composition. For confirmation of the theories formulated and for more accurate interpretation of the results obtained from hydrogeochemical modelling, hydrochemical indices were calculated, i.e., rHCO3−/rCl−, rNa+/rCl−, rCa2+/rMg2+, rCa2+/(rCa2+ + rSO42−) and rNa+/(rNa+ + rCl−). The results revealed the most important processes evolving the chemistry of thermal water are progressive freshening of the thermal water reservoir, which in the past was filled with salty water, dissolution of gypsum, and ongoing dolomitization. Conducted research presents the important factors that in the case of increased exploitation of thermal water in the Podhale Trough, may influence the quality of thermal water in terms of its physical and chemical parameters.

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Effects of regional-scale and convective transports on tropospheric ozone chemistry revealed by aircraft observations during the wet season of the AMMA campaign

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-9-383-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 383-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

G. Ancellet ◽

J. Leclair de Bellevue ◽

C. Mari ◽

P. Nedelec ◽

A. Kukui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Middle East ◽

West Africa ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Transport Processes ◽

Trace Gas ◽

Meridional Transport ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

African Monsoon ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) fourth airborne campaign was conducted in July–August 2006 to study the chemical composition of the middle and upper troposphere in West Africa with the major objective to better understand the processing of chemical emissions by the West African Monsoon (WAM) and its associated regional-scale and vertical transports. In particular, the french airborne experiment was organized around two goals. The first was to characterize the impact of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) on the ozone budget in the upper troposphere and the evolution of the chemical composition of these convective plumes as they move westward toward the Atlantic Ocean. The second objective was to discriminate the impact of remote sources of pollution over West Africa, including transport from the middle east, Europe, Asia and from southern hemispheric fires. Observations of O3, CO, NOx, H2O and hydroperoxide above West Africa along repeated meridional transects were coupled with transport analysis based on the FLEXPART lagrangian model. The cross analysis of trace gas concentrations and transport pathways revealed 5 types of air masses: convective uplift of industrial and urban emissions, convective uplift of biogenic emissions, slow advection from Cotonou polluted plumes near the coast, meridional transport of upper tropospheric air from the subtropical barrier region, and meridional transport of Southern Hemisphere (SH) biomass burning emissions. O3/CO correlation plots and the correlation plots of H2O2 with a OH proxy revealed not only a control of the trace gas variability by transport processes but also significant photochemical reactivity in the mid- and upper troposphere. The study of four MCSs outflow showed contrasted chemical composition and air mass origins depending on the MCSs lifetime and latitudinal position. Favorables conditions for ozone production were found for MCSs with increased MCS lifetime (>1.5 days), which allowed for more H2O2 formation, and with trajectories crossing the 10° N latitude, which increased CO transport to the upper troposphere. The upper tropospheric concentrations sampled in the MCS outflow regions showed mixed origins including local vertical convective transport, and uplifting of air from the low troposphere over the middle-east related to the summer Asian low pressure system or from the southern hemispheric fires.

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Mining Activities and the Chemical Composition of R. Modonkul, Transbaikalia

Water ◽

10.3390/w12040979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 979

Author(s):

Zinaida Ivanovna Khazheeva ◽

Aleksey Maksimovich Plyusnin ◽

Olga Konstantinovna Smirnova ◽

Elena Georgievna Peryazeva ◽

Dashima Ivanovna Zhambalova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Manganese Oxides ◽

High Concentration ◽

Catchment Basin ◽

Industry Waste ◽

Major Cations ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

The Dzhidinsky orefield is located in the Zakamensky district of Buryatia. It is characterized by a high concentration of mineralization in a small area. The ores of the Dzhidinsky economic deposits are complex. This ore field includes Pervomaiskoye Mo, Kholtosonskoe W, and Inkurskoe W deposits. The catchment basin of the river Modonkul is located in the Dzhidinsky orefield. Mineral resource industry waste is a real threat to the city Zakamensk. Currently, the waste of deposits is located at the floodplain terrace and the watershed of the river Modonkul. In this work, the impact of the drainage mine and tributary Inkur on the formation chemical composition of the river Modonkul is studied. The 80 samples of water and suspended matter were taken from a surface of 0–0.5 m on seven sites. Physical and chemical parameters were measured at the sampling sites, and chemical composition was analyzed in the laboratory. In the natural background of the river, the major cations are, in decreasing order, Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ + K+, and major anions are, also in decreasing order, HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−. Along the river, the chemical type of water changes from bicarbonate to sulfate across the sulfate-bicarbonate or bicarbonate-sulfate class and from calcium-magnesium across sodium-calcium-magnesium reverse calcium-magnesium group. Total dissolved solids (TDS) increase by a factor of 4.0–4.7 between the upper and mouth of the river. The dissolved and suspended loads were studied in the mixing zone of acid mine and river water. The different hydrochemistry characteristics may result from Fe, Al, and Mn hydroxide precipitation. The pH values and dissolved oxygen cycles could change the uptake of heavy metals on suspended iron and manganese oxides, and the mechanism of removing it in water. River particulates have the potential of regulating heavy metal inputs to aquatic systems from pollution. The ore elements or the heavy metals are removed from the water in two ways: by the runoff of Modonkul and the sedimentation of suspended material at the bottom. The inflow of mine water into the Modonkul river leads to the rare earth elements (REEs) composition with negative cerium and positive europium anomalies.

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Evaluation of Limnological Status of Jagadishpur Reservoir, Kapilvastu District, Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v6i3.21182 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 255-260

Author(s):

R.K. Chaudahary ◽

A. Devkota

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Reservoir Water ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

Land Water

The aim of this research was to analyze physical and chemical characteristics of low altitude lake of Jagadishpur Reservoir, a Ramsar site in central Nepal lies about 197 m altitude. The reservoir water was studied for three seasons (rainy, winter and summer) to compare the changes in the parameters. Water quality in reservoir was found less favorable to aquatic organisms, with low pH and transparency, low dissolved oxygen (DO), and high nutrient concentrations (Nitrogen). The reservoir was found eutrophic in nature by nitrogen concentration and transparency criteria. The findings created a database for present status of low land water reservoir of Nepal, which can be used for the management of lakes as well as to study the impact on water quality.This study provided useful information for decision makers aimed to the conservation and sustainable management of the reservoir.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(3): 255-260

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Effects of thermal maturity and chemical composition of kerogen on its dielectric constant

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/geo2018-0180.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. D53-D64

Author(s):

Archana Jagadisan ◽

Zoya Heidari

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Dielectric Properties ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Thermal Maturity ◽

Formation Evaluation ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

Reliable formation evaluation using borehole geophysical measurements in organic-rich mudrocks requires knowledge about the physical properties of kerogen. For instance, estimates of water-filled pore volume are significantly affected by the assumptions made for dielectric permittivity of kerogen, which can be influenced by thermal maturity. However, the impact of thermal maturity of pure kerogen on its dielectric properties is not yet thoroughly understood. We quantify the dielectric constant of kerogen samples extracted from three formations, with different levels of natural thermal maturity, and we identify the impact of thermal maturity on their dielectric properties. We first isolate kerogen from mudrock samples using physical and chemical treatments. We then synthetically mature the samples in a controlled environment and measure their dielectric constant (at 1 GHz) using a microwave resonator. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) monitors the variation in chemical composition of kerogen. The dielectric constant of the kerogen samples varied significantly in the range of 1.89–3.2 upon being heat treated from 25°C to 650°C. The variation in the dielectric constant is explained by the alteration in the chemical composition and structure of kerogen as a result of thermal maturation. XPS measurements also showed an increase in aromatic carbon content in the kerogen samples as the thermal maturity increased. The documented results enable the integration of the kerogen geochemistry to the interpretation of dielectric measurements, which contributes to improved interpretation of dielectric logs in organic-rich mudrocks, and result in enhanced formation evaluation of these reservoirs.

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Effect of deforestation on stream and spring water chemistry in Malinowski and Czyrna catchments in Beskid Âlàski Mts.

Folia Forestalia Polonica ◽

10.2478/ffp-2014-0015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stanisław Małek ◽

Katarzyna Krakowian ◽

Michał Jasik ◽

Katarzyna Dudek ◽

Martin Bátor

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Base Cations ◽

Field Studies ◽

Spring Water ◽

Chemical Analyses ◽

Water Chemical Composition ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Water Ph ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

Abstract Dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) which has been observed in the Western Carpathians is of interest to scientists from many disciplines.. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of deforestation on water chemical composition in mountainous streams and springs. The research was carried out in 2004 and 2013 in two catchments of the Skrzyczne massif in the Silesian Beskid Mountains. Field studies included measurements of water pH and conductivity. Under laboratory conditions, there were determined concentrations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42 in each water sample. The results of physical and chemical analyses of water collected within the Malinowski catchment (covered mainly with spruce stands) and on northern slopes of the Skrzyczne massif - within the Czyrna catchment (covered mainly with beech stands), showed higher contents of base cations when compared to deforested areas. The highest concentrations of the ions analysed were recorded within the Czyrna catchment. Such phenomena should be taken into consideration during forest reconstruction after spruce dieback.

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STUDY OF CORIANDER SEED OIL (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v13i3.2151 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

Ha Bich Phan ◽

Thach Ngoc Le

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Geranyl Acetate ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Coriander Seed Oil ◽

Coriander Seed

Coriandrum sativum L. belongs to the Apiaceae family, which is cultivated in Dong Nai province, in this paper its seed oil of was studied. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. We used two methods for activating of hydrodistillation: conventional heating and microwave irradiating. Its physical and chemical indexes were measured. The chemical composition of this oil was identified by GC/MS and quantified by GC/FID. Linalool (75.51-77.21 %), and geranyl acetate (15.64-12.79 %) were the main constituents of the oil which were obtained in 0,32-0.39 % yield. The biological activity of this oil was reported.

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BACTERIA CONTENT, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BROILER MEAT GROWN ON THE HEATED FLOOR

Poultry and Chicken Products ◽

10.30975/2073-4999-2018-20-6-24-25 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 24-25

Author(s):

E.O. Kachanova ◽

◽

E.V. Pavlova ◽

D.S. Derina ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Broiler Meat ◽

Heated Floor ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Population Study on the Impact Food Chemical Composition on Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.4.6237 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 961-964

Author(s):

Andrei Vasile Olteanu ◽

Georgiana Emmanuela Gilca Blanariu ◽

Gheorghe Gh. Balan ◽

Dana Elena Mitrica ◽

Elena Gologan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Major Interest ◽

The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become of major interest worldwide, it is estimated that more than 20% of the general population suffer from liver steatosis. NAFLD is highly associated with metabolic risk factors like type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, the patients diagnosed with NAFLD should adopt a high fiber low calorie diet, with reduced saturated fat and carbohydrates content, leading to weight loss and improvement of metabolic profile. Our study is aiming to shape the profile of the patient interested in being informed related to food quality and chemical composition and to evaluate the aspects on the food products label which are important for the customer. Between June 2017 and December 2017, 83 patients diagnosed with NASH were included in the study, representing the study group, while 33 subjects, without metabolic syndrome or digestive diseases, selected from patient list belonging to two general practitioners, constituted the control group. Related to the interest of being informed about the chemical composition and nutritional value of the products bought, the study showed a low interest for the provided information on nutritional value. lack of confidence in the provided information and complexity of the information are understandable, the high number of subject reasoning through lack of immediate clinical benefit is surprising. Among the healthy population the willingness to pay attention to this aspect is extremely low.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark and Leaf Extracts of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea Grown in Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar Region, Libya

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315508666180223151210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 268-279

Author(s):

Mohamed E.I. Badawy ◽

Ibrahim E.A. Kherallah ◽

Ahmed S.O. Mohareb ◽

Mohamed. Z.M. Salem ◽

Hameda A. Yousef

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Sea Level ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Cupressus Sempervirens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Juniperus Phoenicea ◽

The Impact

Background:Plant extracts are important products in the world and have been widely used for isolation of important biologically active products. Because of their significant environmental impact, extensive research has been explored to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts.Methods:Acetone extracts of the bark and leaf of Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus phoenicea, collected from three different altitudes (125, 391, and 851 m high of sea level) at Al- Jabel Al-Akhdar area, Libya were obtained and analyzed by GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was further evaluated against plant bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter, Erwinia carotovora, Rhodococcus fascians and Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea.Results:The impact of the altitude from the sea level on the quantity and chemical constituents of the extracts was investigated. The yield was largely dependent on tree species and the highest yield (6.50%) was obtained with C. sempervirens L bark of altitude III (851 m of the sea level), while the lowest (1.17%) was obtained with the leaf extract of C. sempervirens L from altitude I (125 m). The chemical composition analyzed by GC/MS confirmed that the leaf extracts of C. sempervirens and J. phoenicea contained a complex mixture of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolic, steroids and phthalates. However, the bark extracts of both trees contained a mixture of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, diterpenoids, terpenophenolics, phthalates, retinol and steroids. These constituents revealed some variability among the extracts displaying the highest interesting chemotype of totarol (terpenophenolic) in all extracts (14.63-78.19% of the total extract). The extracts displayed a noteworthy antifungal potency with varying degrees of inhibition of growth with EC50 values ranged from 78.50 to 206.90 mg/L. The extracts obtained from the leaves of C. sempervirens showed that the highest inhibitory activity was obtained with the extract of altitude II (391 m) with MIC 565, 510, 380 and 710 mg/L against E. carotovora, R. fascians, and R. radiobacter and R. solanacearum, respectively.Conclusion:Based on antimicrobial activity, raw plant extracts can be a cost-effective way to protect crops from microbial pathogens. Because plant extracts contain several antimicrobial compounds, the development of resistant pathogens can be delayed.

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THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WEATHERING ON IRON SLAG FROM STANDISH, NY

10.1130/abs/2019am-339236 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Maria L. Leonard ◽

◽

Rachel M. Kelk ◽

Dori J. Farthing

Keyword(s):

Chemical Weathering ◽

Iron Slag ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

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