scholarly journals Could It Be a Bike for Everyone? The Electric Bicycle in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4878
Author(s):  
Michał Adam Kwiatkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Grzelak-Kostulska ◽  
Jadwiga Biegańska
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Electrically Assisted ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
High Level

The purpose of study was to find out how electric bikes are perceived in Poland, a country with a high level of motorisation and a low cycling culture. A key question was to investigate whether differences in perceptions between traditional (unassisted) and electrically assisted bicycles could bring about greater interest in bicycle transport. The analysis was based on the results of a CAWI survey analysing the perception of the electric bicycle in comparison with the traditional bicycle and the car. Its undoubted advantages are marginalised (only 14% of respondents considered it more practical). The position of the electric bicycle seemed to increase in the opinion of the surveyed only when used by elderly people with poorer fitness, as something that can encourage them to cycle. In general evaluations, it was the traditional bicycle that was seen as better for health. The presented results may serve as a signal that electric bicycles need more promotion in Poland, especially in terms of the benefits of using this mode of transport and the advantages over conventional bikes. The electric bicycle, due to its still low popularity in Poland, may be treated as a certain novelty, which is approached with some distrust and reserve.

The Security Design of Child Seat of Electric Bicycle

2013 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 572-575
Author(s):  
Fei Peng Wang ◽  
Qian Hui Yang ◽  
Ling Chen Zheng ◽  
Hong Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Security Design ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Structure Strength ◽  
Electric Bicycles ◽  
Safety Seat

In recent years, with many cities limiting motorcycle-related regulations in China, Electric bicycles due to the inexpensive, easy to maneuver, energy saving and environmental protection, are used by people of all ages. Now, electric bicycles have become one of the main means of transport, back of electric bicycles as "child seat" to carry child travel commonplace, traffic accidents are also frequent. Through the widespread use of electric bicycle child seat from the safety and comfort of both analysis concluded: these structures a variety of seat provides safety and security for their children is very limited. Next child safety seat structure, strength, and to do in-depth research, quality standards and quality control methods.

Experimental Study of Electric Bicycle Charging Fault Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 837-840
Author(s):  
Ying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Fault Simulation ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Protective Device ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Limited Temperature ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles

This article selects an intelligent pulse three-stage charger commonly used in electric bicycles and conducts fault simulation tests of the charger under different environmental conditions based on analysis of the charging characteristics of a lead-acid battery. The test proves that the fault of the charger may lead to breakdown or explosion of the electronic devices of the charger; however, the possibility of a fire inside the charger is very small because of limited temperature rise of heating components in the charger, a small amount of combustible materials in the components, flame retardant plastics-made charger housing, etc. A fire inside the charger easily results in short circuit of connecting lines. If there is no a protective device, the electric bicycle easily catches fire.

Development of Electric Bicycle Performance Testing Techniques and Adaptable Electric Bicycle Power System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Stackhouse ◽  
Zuomin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles

Battery powered electric bicycles and scooters, replacing the heavily polluting scooters with two-cycle internal combustion engines, provide zero-emission transportation for many parts of the world. Annual global sales of electric bicycles have risen from 36,000 in 1993 to over 500,000 in 1999 and to multi-millions today. To facilitate the development of new electric bicycles, a computerized electric bicycle testing facility has been created. Standardized testing cycles for quantitatively measuring the performance of electric bicycles have been developed. Testing results of three representative electric bicycles using the newly introduced electric bicycle testing methods and testing facility are presented. The development of a low-cost, fully Adaptable Electric Bicycle Power System (AEBPS) designed to be quickly adapted to a regular bicycle is also presented. The AEBPS can be attached to a regular bicycle in less than ten minutes, and removed in under five minutes. Performance of a converted bicycle using the AEBPS is evaluated and compared with representative commercial electric bicycles. The work forms the foundation for systematically evaluating different electric bicycle designs and for carrying out design optimization of electric bicycle power systems suitable to different markets and needs.

scholarly journals Efficiency Evaluation of Electric Bicycle Power Transmission Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10988
Author(s):  
Sheng-Peng Zhang ◽  
Tae-Oh Tak
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Motor Torque ◽  
Road Load ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles

In this study, a method for estimating the efficiency of electric bicycle power train systems consisting of typical components, such as an electric motor, gears, sprockets, and chains is presented. In order to calculate the efficiency of a power train system, the relationship between the drive motor torque and the road-load that is exerted on the rear wheel was derived, considering kinematic inertia effects and friction losses between power transmission elements. Among the factors that influence efficiency, it was found that friction losses play a dominant role, while the effects of inertia are insignificant. The factors that influence the efficiency of electric bicycles due to friction losses, such as the transmission efficiency of the chain system and the bearing in the sprocket and wheel, were quantified. To validate the proposed efficiency calculation procedure, an experimental electric bicycle was used, in which the driving torque and road-load could be quantitatively assessed, and the actual efficiency was measured on a chassis dynamometer. It is shown that for a given motor torque, a measured and estimated dynamometer torque obtained by the proposed method exhibits a good correlation, and the transmission efficiency of each component was quantified. This method provides a practical and accurate means to calculate the drive train efficiency of electric bicycles at the design stage to improve the efficiency of electric bicycles.

scholarly journals Mobile Application Development of Managing Elderly Household Accounts Using Speech Recognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sumitra Nuanmeesri
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Accessibility Barriers ◽  
Post Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Household Accounts

Using spoken language is the easiest and most natural way of communication for human beings. The communication between humans and machines using sounds or language is a huge move forward. This article demonstrates the development of a mobile application for managing household accounts with the integration of a speaking voice and touch-screen function on smartphones; this could also be used as a tool to manage household accounts for elderly Thai people. The content was evaluated by five experts to identify each feature of the developed mobile application. Afterwards, the developed mobile application was distributed to thirty-three elderly people. The findings showed that the elderly people were able to learn and use the mobile application effectively. The learning post-test results scored higher than the pre-test results. The effectiveness evaluation results in terms of the accessibility barriers that can be faced by elderly people while using mobile applications showed that the average mean was 4.13 and the standard deviation was 0.36 and the acceptance of the mobile application based on accessibility barriers that could be detected by elderly people while being used has high consensus. This indicates that the developed mobile application is effective for elderly users at a high level.

Evaluating the Usability of Home Healthcare Applications

2011 ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bruun ◽  
Jan Stage
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Ambient Assisted Living ◽  
Usability Evaluation ◽  
Home Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Target User ◽  
Healthcare Application ◽  
High Level

Home healthcare applications have the potential to reduce healthcare costs and improve the quality of life for elderly people who prefer to stay in their own homes instead of making frequent visits to the hospital. This requires ambient assisted living applications that fulfil relevant needs of the users; yet it also requires applications with a high level of usability in order to achieve user acceptance, especially when the target user group is elderly people. This chapter proposes a method to be used for conducting usability evaluations of smart healthcare applications. It includes a report from a usability evaluation where the method was used to evaluate a simple home healthcare application for collecting personal health data in the home. The usability evaluation demonstrates that the method presented here facilitates identification of key usability problems, while the efforts required to conduct the evaluation are considerably reduced compared to conventional methods.

EDUCATION AS AN AGENT OF RESOCIALIZATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kalashnyk ◽  
Yana Levchenko ◽  
Olha Doronina ◽  
Olha Kucherova ◽  
Olga Luchenko
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Aged People ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

Due to the aging of population there is a need for reevaluation of the importance and the necessity of elderly people’s participation in the life of society and as a result reevaluation of the methods of their adjustment. Modern “third aged people” want to continue living in the habitual rhythm of life, being the full participants of the society even after their retirement. The social portrait of a modern elderly differs significantly from the one 15-20 years ago. The level of medicine in the developed countries provides them with good state of health and therefore they can retain high level of social and emotional activity. Using several countries (Japan, Australia, Canada,) as an example the article aims to present different ways of inclusion of elderly people in socially useful activities in order to solve the problems of the modern society, in other words, to suggest how third aged people may be helpful. The article sums up that giving the opportunity of social and professional activity to the elderly people helps them to prevent social maladjustment and arising feeling of needlessness after the termination of active employment.

Research and Implementation of Intelligent Control of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in Electric Bicycle

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 6496-6501
Author(s):  
Yu Wei Zhou ◽  
Sheng Hua Dai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Transient Current ◽  
Pollution Risk ◽  
Arm Processor ◽  
Acceleration Model ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents a new intelligent control method which can lower the energy consumption and the pollution risk of electric bicycles. Lowering the energy consumption depends on improving the efficiency of energy transformation, and lowering the pollution risk depends on prolonging the service life of battery. Firstly, we organizes the acceleration model, then quantitative analysis are given to show the relationship between transient current and acceleration time, and the method of lowering the transient current during acceleration is given. Secondly, we determine the speed of motor when it is working at peak efficiency, at which speed the PID control algorithm is used to make the electric bicycles working. This method has been carried out on ARM processor.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Recovery Potential Analysis and Modeling for Batteries Recovery Operations in Electric Bicycle Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Guangfu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bicycle Industry ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Electric Bicycles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Stanford Model ◽  
Lead Acid

To help the government manage waste lead-acid batteries in a more targeted and sustainable way, accurately forecasting the number of waste lead-acid batteries and analyzing their recovery potential play a key role. In China, electric bicycles are one of the most common means of transportation. As of the end of 2017, the social holding quantity of electric bicycles in China was over 250 million and that of electric tricycles was over 50 million. The quantity is equal to the total number of electric bicycles manufactured between 2011 and 2017. Currently, 90% of electric bicycles adopt lead-acid batteries as their power batteries. However, there are a few studies on the lead-acid batteries used in electric bicycles as power batteries. In this paper, we have selected lead-acid batteries used in electric bicycles as the subject of research as such kind of batteries enjoys the widest user base, the most single-battery consumption volume, and the strongest mobility. Based on the output and sales of electric bicycles, we have obtained the quantity of power lead-acid batteries. We have then estimated the annual waste quantity of lead-acid batteries used in electric bicycles in 2000-2022 using the “market supply A model” and the “Stanford Model”, respectively, and based on the proportion of raw materials contained in lead-acid batteries and the proportion between reclaimed and discarded lead-acid batteries, we have estimated the recovery potential of discarded lead-acid batteries in 2000-2022. We estimate that the lead-acid batteries used in electric bicycles only have great recovery potential and there are abundant potential resources for recovery. The research data and results can help decision-makers make more effective and more accurate management measures and policies.

scholarly journals Synchronous Routing for Personal Rapid Transit Pods

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mrad ◽  
Olfa Chebbi ◽  
Mohamed Labidi ◽  
Mohamed Ali Louly
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Personal Rapid Transit ◽  
Constructive Heuristics ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Unused Capacity ◽  
High Level

Personal rapid transit (PRT) is a public and automated transport system in which a fleet of small driverless vehicles operate in order to transport passengers between a set of stations through a network of guided ways. Each customer is carried from one station to another directly with no stop in intermediate stations. This mode of transport can result in a high level of unused capacity due to the empty moves of the vehicles. In this paper, we model the problem of minimizing the energy consumed by the PRT system while assuming predeterministic list of orders; then we solve it using some constructive heuristics. Experiments are run on 1320 randomly generated test problems with various sizes. Our algorithms are shown to give good results over large trip instances.

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