scholarly journals An Investigation into CO2–Brine–Cement–Reservoir Rock Interactions for Wellbore Integrity in CO2 Geological Storage

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5033
Author(s):  
Amir Jahanbakhsh ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Mojgan Hadi Mosleh ◽  
Harshit Agrawal ◽  
Nazia Mubeen Farooqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Co2 Leakage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Composite Samples

Geological storage of CO2 in saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs can help mitigate CO2 emissions. However, CO2 leakage over a long storage period represents a potential concern. Therefore, it is critical to establish a good understanding of the interactions between CO2–brine and cement–caprock/reservoir rock to ascertain the potential for CO2 leakage. Accordingly, in this work, we prepared a unique set of composite samples to resemble the cement–reservoir rock interface. A series of experiments simulating deep wellbore environments were performed to investigate changes in chemical, physical, mechanical, and petrophysical properties of the composite samples. Here, we present the characterisation of composite core samples, including porosity, permeability, and mechanical properties, determined before and after long-term exposure to CO2-rich brine. Some of the composite samples were further analysed by X-ray microcomputed tomography (X-ray µ-CT), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX). Moreover, the variation of ions concentration in brine at different timescales was studied by performing inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. Although no significant changes were observed in the porosity, permeability of the treated composite samples increased by an order of magnitude, due mainly to an increase in the permeability of the sandstone component of the composite samples, rather than the cement or the cement/sandstone interface. Mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, were also reduced.

scholarly journals Oil-based mud waste reclamation and utilisation in low-density polyethylene composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1344
Author(s):  
Shohel Siddique ◽  
Kyari Yates ◽  
Kerr Matthews ◽  
Laszlo J Csetenyi ◽  
James Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray

Oil-based mud (OBM) waste from the oil and gas exploration industry can be valorised to tailor-made reclaimed clay-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites. This study aims to fill the information gap in the literature and to provide opportunities to explore the effective recovery and recycling techniques of the resources present in the OBM waste stream. Elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray fluorescence analysis, chemical structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis of LDPE/organo-modified montmorillonite (LDPE/MMT) and LDPE/OBM slurry nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been conducted. Further analysis including calorimetry, thermogravimetry, spectroscopy, microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out to evaluate the thermo-chemical characteristics of OBM waste and OBM clay-reinforced LDPE nanocomposites, confirming the presence of different clay minerals including inorganic salts in OBM slurry powder. The microscopic analysis revealed that the distance between polymer matrix and OBM slurry filler is less than that of MMT, which suggests better interfacial adhesion of OBM slurry compared with the adhesion between MMT and LDPE matrix. This was also confirmed by XRD analysis, which showed the superior delamination structure OBM slurry compared with the structure of MMT. There is a trend noticeable for both of these fillers that the nanocomposites with higher percentage filler contents (7.5 and 10.0 wt% in this case) were indicated to act as a thermal conductive material. The heat capacity values of nanocomposites decreased about 33% in LDPE with 7.5 wt% MMT and about 17% in LDPE with 10.0 wt% OBM slurry. It was also noted, for both nanocomposites, that the residue remaining after 1000°C increases with the incremental wt% of fillers in the nanocomposites. There is a big difference in residue amount (in %) left after thermogravimetric analysis in the two nanocomposites, indicating that OBM slurry may have significant influence in decomposing LDPE matrix; this might be an interesting area to explore in the future. The results provide insight and opportunity to manufacture waste-derived renewable nanocomposites with enhanced structural and thermal properties.

Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Aluminum Alloy Composite Reinforced with Al2O3 Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Senthilkumar ◽  
N. Arunkumar ◽  
M. Manzoor Hussian ◽  
R. Vijayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sintered Aluminum ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Samples

In this research, aluminum alloy AA2014 matrix composites reinforced with micron (10% wt 5% wt) and nanoparticles (1% wt 5% wt) of Al2O3were fabricated through powder metallurgy method. Optimum amount of reinforcement were determined by evaluating mechanical properties like micro-hardness and compressive strength of composites. The composite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the composites containing 2% wt of nanoAl2O3and 8 % micro Al2O3reinforcement has homogenous microstructure as well as superior mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Acid Treatment as a Way to Reduce Shale Rock Mechanical Strength and to Create a Material Prone to the Formation of Permanent Well Barrier

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Kamila Gawel ◽  
Maksym Lozovyi ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Bhuiyan ◽  
Ruben Bjørge ◽  
Erling Fjær
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Etching Rate ◽  
Gas Wells ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Swelling Clays ◽  
Oil And Gas Wells ◽  
Shale Sample ◽  
Before And After

Utilization of natural shale formations for the creation of annular barriers in oil and gas wells is currently discussed as a mean of simplifying cumbersome plugging and abandonment procedures. Shales that are likely to form annular barriers are shales with high content of swelling clays and relatively low content of cementation material (e.g., quartz, carbonates). Shales with large content of quartz and low content of swelling clays will be rather brittle and not easily deformable. In this paper we ask the question whether and to what extent it is possible to modify the mechanical properties of relatively brittle shales by chemically removing some cementation material. To answer this question, we have leached out carbonates from Pierre I shale matrix using hydrochloric acid and we have compared mechanical properties of shale before and after leaching. We have also followed leaching dynamics using X-ray tomography. The results show that removal of around 4–5 wt% of cementation material results in 43% reduction in Pierre I shale shear strength compared to the non-etched shale exposed to sodium chloride solution for the same time. The etching rate was shown to be strongly affected by the volume of fluid staying in direct contact with the shale sample.

The Influence of Sparse Filling of FDM-Printed Samples on Mechanical Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfone and a Carbon-Filled Composite Based on it

2020 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
Azamat A. Khashirov ◽  
Azamat L. Slonov ◽  
Ismel V. Musov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
High Performance Polymers ◽  
Filled Composite ◽  
Lower Material ◽  
Composite Samples ◽  
Material Expenditure

FDM-printing technology is widely used in many fields including highly responsible industries such as aerospace, oil and gas and automotive manufacturing. Polyphenylene sulfone and its composites are one of the most common used high-performance polymers in those fields but polyphenylene sulfone is expensive and the lower material would be used for production the more applications could be able to enroot polyphenylene sulfone to their industries. Additive manufacturing opens new boundaries comparing to traditional technologies allowing to use the grid filling of parts which can help to reduce the material expenditure. In this research the influence of grid filling to mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone and its carbon-filled composite samples obtained using FDM-printing technology was studied. The article includes results about the effect of various grid sizes and its type on the mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone and its carbon-filled composite samples, and It shows the possibility of significant material savings while maintaining the required product properties.

scholarly journals Compression of Aggregates of Acid-Leached Coal Gangues: Implications for Coal Mine Backfill

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wenyue Qi ◽  
Jixiong Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Compaction Stress

The compression mechanical properties of coal gangues subjected to acidic immersion were examined using a cylinder and a YAS-500 electrohydraulic servotesting system in order to investigate the effects of pH and particle size on its compaction stress-strain and stress-compaction relationships. The evolutionary trends of the leaching solution’s pH at various immersion times during the coal gangue corrosion process were analyzed. Then, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was performed on the leaching solutions to determine their chemical compositions and concentrations. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy also performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of the coal gangues samples. The mechanisms of hydrochemical corrosion in coal gangues were ultimately elucidated by analyzing these results, taking into consideration the chemical reactions of the acidic solutions and coal gangues. The results indicate that hydrochemical damage in coal gangues is more sensitive to small particle size and stronger acidity. The compressive mechanical properties of coal gangues that had been immersed demonstrated that their bearing capacity decreased as the particle sizes decreased and acidity increased. It was also established that acid leaching changes the mineral composition, particles, and pores of coal gangues, thus degrading their compressive mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Residual Stresses around Individual Graphite Nodules in Ductile Iron: Impact on the Tensile Mechanical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Andriollo ◽  
Jesper Thorborg ◽  
Niels Skat Tiedje ◽  
Jesper Henri Hattel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Ductile Iron ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Castings ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Local Stresses ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Residual stresses in ferritic ductile iron castings have been studied for decades. However, little attention has traditionally been given to the local residual stresses which may arise in the microstructure as a result of the thermal contraction mismatch between the matrix and the graphite nodules during solid-state cooling. Recent synchrotron X-ray measurements performed by the authors have demonstrated that in the ferritic phase these local stresses can be in the order of 100-150 MPa, hence of the same order of magnitude as the material macroscopic yield stress. This suggests that they might have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of ductile iron components. However, no systematic research appears to have been conducted so far to investigate this aspect. The present work takes a first step in this direction by presenting an integrated theoretical analysis which addresses both the formation of these local residual stresses at the microscopic level and their role during mechanical loading at the macro-scale.

scholarly journals Carbonate Hydroxyapatite and Silicon-Substituted Carbonate Hydroxyapatite: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Solubility Evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Bang ◽  
B. D. Long ◽  
R. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonate Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Inductively Coupled

The present study investigates the chemical composition, solubility, and physical and mechanical properties of carbonate hydroxyapatite (CO3Ap) and silicon-substituted carbonate hydroxyapatite (Si-CO3Ap) which have been prepared by a simple precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) techniques were used to characterize the formation of CO3Ap and Si-CO3Ap. The results revealed that the silicate (SiO44-) and carbonate (CO32-) ions competed to occupy the phosphate (PO43-) site and also entered simultaneously into the hydroxyapatite structure. The Si-substituted CO3Ap reduced the powder crystallinity and promoted ion release which resulted in a better solubility compared to that of Si-free CO3Ap. The mean particle size of Si-CO3Ap was much finer than that of CO3Ap. At 750°C heat-treatment temperature, the diametral tensile strengths (DTS) of Si-CO3Ap and CO3Ap were about10.8±0.3and11.8±0.4MPa, respectively.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

Mechanical properties of FeAlSi powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Čech ◽  
Petr Haušild ◽  
Miroslav Karlík ◽  
Veronika Kadlecová ◽  
Jiří Čapek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Complete Homogenization

FeAl20Si20 (wt.%) powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials (Fe, Al, Si, FeAl27) were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation techniques were used to analyze microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus). Finite element model was developed to account for the decrease in measured values of mechanical properties of powder particles with increasing penetration depth caused by surrounding soft resin used for embedding powder particles. Progressive homogenization of the powders’ microstructure and an increase of hardness and Young’s modulus with milling time were observed and the time for complete homogenization was estimated.

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