scholarly journals Directions and Prospects for the Development of the Electric Car Market in Selected ASEAN Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7509
Author(s):  
Krystyna Gomółka ◽  
Piotr Kasprzak
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Asean Countries

The purpose of this article is to present the current situation and evaluate the opportunities for the development of the electric car market in selected Southeast Asian countries in the context of the current situation in the rest of the world. Currently, the electric car market is at an advanced stage of development in regions such as Western Europe, the USA, and China. It should be noted, however, that the number of electric cars in a given country results not only from market demand and access to vehicle charging networks but also from nonmarket mechanisms such as subsidies and tax or administrative solutions. It turns out that these are important elements that influence the final shape of a country’s market. This article analyses the current situation on the electric car market taking into account the legal, administrative, and tax conditions that affect the final number of vehicles and the infrastructure necessary for the operation and use of electric cars in selected Asian countries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reducing Electric Car Purchase Incentives in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez ◽  
Christian Thiel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Technology Transition ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Electro Mobility

The importance of electric car purchase incentives is starting to be questioned. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential effect of reducing or removing electric car purchase public subsidies in the European Union. To this end, the system dynamics Powertrain Technology Transition Market Agent Model is used. The size and timing of purchase incentives for this technology in European countries are investigated under eight scenarios and sensitivity analysis performed. The simulations suggest that, in the short-run, the electric car market share is higher when the subsidies remain in place. In the medium-run, a purchase subsidy scheme granting €3000 for plug-in hybrid electric cars and €4000 for battery electric cars over the period 2020–2024 yields the fastest electric car market uptake of all the scenarios considered. We conclude that, though the current evolution of the battery price is favorable, electric car purchase subsidies remain an effective policy measure to support electro-mobility in the next years.

The economic impact of a rise in US trade protectionism on East Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkyo Cheong ◽  
Jose Tongzon
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
East Asian Country ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Asean Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic impact of a rising US trade protectionism on the economies of China, Japan, South Korea and the ASEAN countries and draw out some policy and strategic implications for the USA and East Asia. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ a computable general equilibrium approach supplemented with qualitative analyses based on empirical evidence. Findings An increase in US import tariffs would result in economic losses for the USA and the corresponding country or region to which the import tariff increase is applied. An increase in US import tariffs for Chinese goods alone would not have any spillover effects on other East Asian countries. But, an imposition of a border adjustment tax (BAT) for all countries and for all products would actually boost US economic growth. Advanced economies would enjoy GDP increases, but China, Korea and the ASEAN countries would face an economic loss in a longer term period, although they would enjoy some growth in the short term. However, when the BAT only applies to a specific East Asian country, USA would suffer an economic loss, with the exception of a BAT specifically targeted at the ASEAN countries. ASEAN countries would not experience any economic loss under all scenarios except in the case of import tariffs specifically targeted at ASEAN. Research limitations/implications From the US perspective, it is beneficial to adopt a BAT for all countries and across the board. Under this arrangement, there would be an economic loss for China, Korea and the ASEAN countries in the longer term. An increase in US trade protectionism would only push the East Asian countries towards deeper economic integration, with serious implications for global pattern of trade and investment. Originality/value The existing literature on the likely economic impact of US trade protectionism on East Asia is very scarce and based on surveys and subjective speculations. This study uses a quantitative method based on empirical evidence.

Mechanical Engineering Clusters in International Division of Labor

2013 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
V. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
International Division ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

The article considers the proportions of mutual deliveries of goods in the triangle USA – Western Europe – East Asia in the recent decade. It is shown that the USA remained to be a net importer of industrial products while West European and East Asian countries were the net providers. The US deficit in goods’ trade with China and Germany exceeded the pre-crisis level. Still, the integral trade deficit of the USA remained lower than before the crisis, in particular because of lesser deficit in trade with oil producing countries and Japan. Reduction of China’s and Eurozone countries’ surplus in comparison to 2007-2008 can be explained by the dynamics of their trade with third countries (in particular, with the suppliers of energy resources which the prices turned back to high levels in post-crisis period). The same relate to a lesser extent to Japan which the surplus in trade with the USA did not reach the pre-crisis level. The author concludes that even during crisis and post-crisis periods the changes in balance of payments of the leading suppliers of mechanical engineering goods were mostly determined by their trade with the suppliers of raw materials rather than by the mutual trade.

scholarly journals Segmentation of Passenger Electric Cars Market in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jakub Kubiczek ◽  
Bartłomiej Hadasik
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Sustainable Policy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Alternative Sources

Striving to achieve sustainable development goals and taking care of the environment into the policies of car manufacturers forced the search for alternative sources of vehicle propulsion. One way to implement a sustainable policy is to use electric motors in cars. The observable development of the electric car market provides consumers with a wide spectrum of choices for a specific model that would meet their expectations. Currently, there are 53 different electric car models on the primary market in Poland. The aim of the article was to present the performed market segmentation, focused on identifying the similarities in the characteristics of electric car models on the Polish market and proposing their groupings. Based on the classification by the hierarchical cluster analysis algorithm (Ward’s method, squared Euclidean distance), the market division into 2, 3, and 4 groups was proposed. The Polish EV market segmentation took place not only in terms of the size and class of the car but primarily in terms of performance and overall quality of the vehicle. The performed classification did not change when the price was additionally included as a variable. It was also proposed to divide the market into 4 segments named: Premium, City, Small, and Sport. The segmentation carried out in this way helps to better understand the structure of the electric car market.

scholarly journals Determinants of Electric Car Sales in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Richard Kovárník ◽  
Michaela Staňková
Keyword(s):  
Common Factor ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Car Sales ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vehicle Market ◽  
Complete History

Abstract This article deals with determining statistically significant factors affecting the sale of battery electric vehicles in different European countries. Typical representative countries were selected on the basis of cluster analysis. The input data for multiple regression models and vector autoregressive models include data for the last decade and thus essentially cover the complete history of the electric car market. Attention is paid not only to the European leader but also to countries with a lower share of electric cars. The results of this study show the existence of a common factor in the countries with different development trends in the battery electric vehicle market. However, differences among individual countries are generally so significant that the identified factors vary from country to country.

Tools for practical implementation of climate policy in transport: Econometric analysis of global experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2272-2294
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. RATNER ◽  
Valerii V. IOSIFOV
Keyword(s):  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Tax Relief

Subject. The article addresses the standards for greenhouse gas emissions that are currently considered as an effective tool for stimulating the development of alternative transport technologies. However, quantitative evaluation of their effectiveness is not available, which is partially explained by the lack of statistical information from different countries. Objectives. The purpose is to build econometric models of the influence of these standards on the electric car market development. Methods. The annual reports of the International Energy Agency on the development of the electric car market and the data of the Global EV Data Explorer statistics center serve as the information base of the study. We analyzed time series for indicators of sales of electric cars in different countries and built mixed models, considering the auto-regression component, which helps describe the internal dynamics of the electric car market. Results. The obtained regression coefficients in models for various countries can be used as interval evaluations for forecasting the growth of electric car sales in Russia, given the necessary conditions for developing a charging infrastructure and creating a system of incentives to match the cost of electric cars to that of traditional vehicles. Conclusions. These interval evaluations may be useful for further decisions on the development of charging infrastructure, planning for resource use for electricity generation, calculating optimal subsidy or tax relief to support electric cars, evaluating the economic consequences of introducing the new standards on CO2 emissions, etc.

scholarly journals Administrative and Taxation Mechanisms Supporting the Purchase and Maintenance of Electric Vehicles Based on the Example of Poland and other Selected European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Piotr Kasprzak ◽  
Robert Sterniński
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Eu

AbstractSubject and purpose of work: The aim of this article is to review the current mechanisms of supporting the purchase of electric cars, with particular emphasis on tax reliefs and exemptions. Materials and methods: The research method consists of a review of literature, legal regulations and industry reports regarding the presented subject. Results: The authors analyzed the global electric car market, presenting the examples of the countries in which the share of electric vehicles has recently increased significantly in the total number of cars. In addition, current discounts and other preferences for the purchase of electric cars in European countries are presented together with future potential mechanism for buyers of electric in Poland. Conclusions: The price is the main economic determinate for buying the particular type of a car. The costs of acquiring and operating an electric car are currently higher than the costs for traditional combustion vehicles. However, the EU and European states’ authorities are processing to increase the popularity of electric cars, offering tax reliefs and other preferences with noticeably effects.

Lithium - the Metal of the Future?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1492 ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor A. Kunasz
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Dramatic Shift

ABSTRACTThe second half of the twentieth century saw a dramatic shift in lithium chemicals production from traditional pegmatite sources to brines. Today, the bulk of lithium carbonate, which serves as the raw material for various downstream lithium chemicals, including lithium metal for the lithium batteries, is produced from the brines of the Salar de Atacama, Chile, the Salar del Hombre Muerto, Argentina and Clayton Valley Nevada, U.S.A. There is minor production in Tibet and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Australian spodumene concentrates are converted to lithium carbonate in the PRC.The resurgence in the potential development of electric cars has resulted in the increased exploration for and identification of potential new lithium brine operations and the reassessment of some pegmatite deposits.A number of predictions for a potentially large electric car market scenario have raised questions on the availability of sufficient lithium resources. However, since the original 1976 report on global lithium resources by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, newly identified deposits have almost quadrupled the total potentially available lithium resources. Based on the best predictions, the lithium supply is more than adequate to meet the demand for electric cars well into the 21st century.

EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODERN CATTLE LEUKEMIA

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
V. V. Makarov ◽  
D. A. Lozovoy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Negative Order ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
National Programs

  Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) has been known for more than a century and a half. Its occurrence and registration may have historically been associated with intensive breeding of dairy cattle in Western Europe to increase target productivity. It is known that any limiting intervention in the nature of the animal organism is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and unpredictable change in the genotype of a wider range than the required, particularly negative order. In particular, a decrease in the resistance to macroorganisms and the possibility of the new diseases emergence, including infectious ones (for example, immunodeficiencies such as BLAD syndrome of black-motley cattle and stress syndrome in pigs, the occurrence of scrapie and other slow sheep infections). In the last two decades of the last century, in many disadvantaged countries, primarily Western European, national programs for the eradication of EBL have been developed and subsequently successfully implemented. First of all the motivation was the economy of dairy cattle breeding (mainly the extension of productive age, as well as the tightening of requirements in international trade in cattle and bull products, breeding, pricing, etc.). In an analytical article are reviewed the elements of epizootology of EBL in the foreign countries with special attention to the situation in the USA, scenarios of various control programs, and promising methods for assessing the role of infected animals in the epizootic process. A critical assessment of the problem of EBL in the Russian Federation is given, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of against leucosis measures are discussed.

Concept of Power Decentralization in Political Science and Approaches to its Methodological Study

2017 ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Halyna Kuzub
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Perfect State ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Structural Functionalism

The problem of power decentralization is up to date in a modern political science. We can trace its historical genesis first in European and further in the USA political ideas. Decentralization of power was considered along with the study of a perfect state system, civil society and local self-government. It is argued that the major part of successful process of power decentralization in the Western Europe was due to the idea nature for their political culture. The article attempts to retrace the history of the idea of power decentralization. As a background of the investigations of such thinkers as J. Bodin, J. Althusius, J. Locke, J.-J. Rousseau, C.-L. Montesquieu, R. Owen, C. Fourier, J. S.Mill, T. Jefferson, A. de Tocqueville and M. Dragomanov were thoroughly investigated. The paper also considers the modern definitions of power decentralization. Likewise the value of structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism and constructivism are argued in terms of further surveys of power decentralization. To conclude, the author opines that civil servants training, their theoretical teaching and moral education have to become the main objectives in perspective investigations. Furthermore, the success of power decentralization depends not only on devoting authority by central government, but also on capacity of its implementation by deputies on the local level. Keywords: Decentralization of power, deconcentration of power, administrative and political decentralization, classical and non-classical philosophy, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, construc-tivism

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