Multi-Criteria Studies and Assessment Supporting the Selection of Locations and Technologies Used in CO2-EGS Systems

The paper describes application of the cross-impact method in the process of selecting locations and technologies used in a geothermal system based on energy accumulated in a dry rock formation, where CO2 is used as the working medium. The survey is based on the opinion of a group of 20 experts representing different fields of earth and technical sciences. They represent Norway and Poland, where the location of such a system is considered. Based on experts’ experience and opinions, all factors that seem to be significant were classified into the following groups: targets, key factors, results, determiners, motor and brakes, regulating factors, external factors, auxiliary factors, and autonomous factors. Direct influences between variables were indicated. Due to major differences in geological conditions in Poland and Norway, the factor of on- or offshore technology was pointed out as the primary determiner. Among key factors, the system operation’s long-term safety and level of technological readiness were indicated. As a target factor, an interest of local authority was pointed out. Among the variables that are important when selecting locations for this type of system, nine are essential: (1) Formal constraints related to local nature protection areas—this variable is essential in the case of an onshore system; (2) Availability of CO2 sources; (3) Level of geological recognition; (4) The distance of the CO2-EGS from a thermal energy user and electricity grid; (5) Existing wells and other infrastructure; (6) Depth of the EGS system; (7) Water depth if offshore, this variable is only important when offshore systems are involved; (8) Physical parameters of reservoir rocks; (9) Reservoir temperature.

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DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM PROCEDURE OF STRATEGY DECISION-MAKING IN A CEMENT INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

Computational nanotechnology ◽

10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-4-60-65 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 60-65

Author(s):

Elena Vyacheslavovna Zaytseva

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Integrated Assessment ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Practical Implication ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Survey Method ◽

Innovative Strategy ◽

Technological Readiness ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Methodological Principles

The problem statement (relevance). The article illustrates the outcome of analytical research in the area of substantiation of organizational and managerial structures of cement companies on the basis of conducting an integral estimation of complex conditions of operation (manufacturability of mining and geological conditions of cement production, level of production and technical conditions and social conditions) and outputs (production and technical level and financial level). Integrated assessment is provided by the appropriate methodology, the purpose of which supports an increase in the objectivity, reliability and reliability of decisions in the development of technological systems of cement enterprises.Purpose: development of an enlarged flowchart of the decision-making procedure algorithm for development strategies for cement enterprises. Methods used: the work used the method of “vector norm”, based on the methodological principles of the theory of complex decision making, utility theory, game theory, qualimetry, expert survey method and other generally accepted methods and principles.Novelty. The elements of novelty include an improved method of integrated assessment of the technological structure of cement enterprises in the conditions of external and internal environments of operation.Result. The article presents an iterative algorithm and decision-making procedure for structurally selected groups of cement enterprises with the choice of a specific form of their development. The results of the work made it possible to form the key areas of training and a list of information technologies that ensure technological readiness for the implementation of the directions of digitalization in relation to cement enterprises.Practical significance: the organizational and management apparatus with the appropriate mathematical reinforcement for the selection and justification of strategies for the development of cement enterprises. The practical implication of the outcome of the study due to the possibility to increase the effectiveness of organizational-technological and managerial solutions based on the developed methodology, technique and algorithm of formation of innovative strategy of development of the mining enterprises of the cement industry. The main provisions of the work are used in the holding “EUROCEMENT” in the development and implementation of plans for the development of industrial production in the short and long term.

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Comparison of the Initial Growth of Different Poplar Clones on Four Sites in Western Slovakia—Preliminary Results

BioEnergy Research ◽

10.1007/s12155-020-10227-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dávid Heilig ◽

Bálint Heil ◽

Christoph Leibing ◽

Heinz Röhle ◽

Gábor Kovács

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Poplar ◽

Aridity Index ◽

Primary Source ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Key Factors ◽

Groundwater Availability ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Short Rotation

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate four hybrid poplar comparison tests along a groundwater availability gradient in Western Slovakia. The weather fluctuation during the 3-year study period was described with indices, such as the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) or the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The soil chemical and physical parameters were determined from soil samples from the two upper horizons. The nutrient status and supply of the trees were categorized based on leaf elemental analysis. Altogether, 21 different clones from 6 genomic groups were compared. The survival (SRV), diameter at breast height (DBH), and height of the trees (H) had been measured annually since the plantations were established, and from these measurements, mean annual height increment (MAHI) values were derived. These weather, edaphic, and clonal factors were evaluated and compared. Significant effects of the site (edaphic factors) were found as the primary source of variance and clonal differences as secondary sources of variance among the growth of trees. The interaction of site × clone effects was not significant. The results showed that for short rotation forestry (SRF), the site parameters—especially groundwater availability—are key factors.

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Specific Features of Blasting Operations in Mining Minerals in Northern and Arctic Regions of Russia

Горная промышленность ◽

10.30686/1609-9192-2021-2-102-106 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

V.A. Tikhonov ◽

G.A. Dudnik ◽

S.Yu. Panfilov ◽

V.V. Zhulikov

Keyword(s):

Size Composition ◽

The Arctic ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Arctic Zone ◽

Arctic Regions ◽

Priority Task ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Remote Operations

A priority task for facilitating the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is to design new blasting technologies to be efficiently used in extremely difficult climatic, mining and geological conditions at remote operations. This is further motivated by the fact that up to 40% of Russia's gold reserves, 60–90% of its natural gas resources and 100% of its primary diamond deposits are located in the Arctic zone. The article analyses the problems of blasting operations while developing deposits in the Arctic zone. The main formulations of ordinary explosives are reviewed that allow to solve a number of challenges associated with blasting operations in remote and hard-to-reach Arctic regions. Based on the performed analysis of existing methods, further areas of research are identified that can improve the quality and safety of blasting operations: 1) determination of optimum weight and dimensions of boosters based on ordinary explosives depending on the initiating borehole size; 2) determination of the relation between the particle size / composition of the booster and the detonation velocity; 3) determination of physical parameters of transition from deflagration to detonation and gaining sensitivity to the initiating pulse from the detonator cap by the ordinary explosive compositions.

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Key Factors Affecting the Deformation and Failure of Surrounding Rock Masses in Large-Scale Underground Powerhouses

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/8843466 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Meng Wang ◽

Jia-wen Zhou ◽

An-chi Shi ◽

Jin-qi Han ◽

Hai-bo Li

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Large Scale ◽

Surrounding Rock ◽

Rock Masses ◽

Affecting Factors ◽

Key Factors ◽

Underground Powerhouse ◽

Deformation And Failure ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Geological Conditions

The stability of the surrounding rock masses of underground powerhouses is always emphasized during the construction period. With the general trends toward large-scale, complex geological conditions and the rapid construction progress of underground powerhouses, deformation and failure issues of the surrounding rock mass can emerge, putting the safety of construction and operation in jeopardy and causing enormous economic loss. To solve these problems, an understanding of the origins and key affecting factors is required. Based on domestic large-scale underground powerhouse cases in the past two decades, key factors affecting the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock mass are summarized in this paper. Among these factors, the two most fundamental factors are the rock mass properties and in situ stress, which impart tremendous impacts on surrounding rock mass stability in a number of cases. Excavation is a prerequisite of surrounding rock mass failure and support that is classified as part of the construction process and plays a pivotal role in preventing and arresting deformation and failure. Additionally, the layout and structure of the powerhouse are consequential. The interrelation and interaction of these factors are discussed at the end of this paper. The results can hopefully advance the understanding of the deformation and failure of surrounding rock masses and provide a reference for design and construction with respect to hydroelectric underground powerhouses.

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Optical properties of organic matter in relation to thermal gradients and structural deformation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1985.0035 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 315 (1531) ◽

pp. 157-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Static Pressure ◽

Vitrinite Reflectance ◽

Structural Deformation ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Low Grade ◽

Organic Petrology ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Igneous Activity ◽

General Response

The general response of macerals to the coalification process, the effectiveness of organic geochemical and petrological parameters as estimators of coalification and the applicability of different microscopical parameters in the assessment of rank are reviewed. The central role of vitrinite reflectance as the most widely used estimator of coalification from brown coals to the low -grade metamorphic zone is established on the basis of its relatively uniform variation with rank, specificity, ease and rapidity of measurement and cheapness. Factors influencing the optical properties ofvitrinites are considered. Temperature has the dominant influence in modifying optical properties with rank, but time, static pressure and stress can all have significant influences upon the course of optical properties, depending upon particular geological conditions. Static pressure has a retarding effect on the coalification process, but it is also responsible for creating increasing anisotropy within the condensing aromatic structures as rank rises. Hydrostatic pressures and pore pressures can contribute to the overpressuring of sediments, thus affecting their thermal conductivities and consequently the rate of coalification. Stress is responsible for the development of biaxicity in the reflectance indicatrix. Fast and high levels of heating from igneous bodies cause textural effects on vitrinites as a result of carbonization that are quite different from those of coalification. Recognizing these different influences upon the optical properties of vitrinites, examples are given of the use and application of vitrinite reflectance in the preparation of rank maps, in the burial histories of basins, in the timing of coalification in relation to orogenesis and igneous activity and in the zones of anchimetamorphism and low-grade metamorphism. Consideration is also given to the problem of ‘provincialism ’ in correlations between chemical and physical parameters and to the future development of optical studies in organic petrology and their relation to organic geochemical investigations.

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Thermomechanical Behavior of Late Indo-Chinese Granodiorite under High Temperature and Pressure

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/6793191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Yanjun Zhang ◽

Shuren Hao ◽

Lin Bai ◽

Ziwang Yu ◽

Jianing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bulk Modulus ◽

Effective Stress ◽

Triaxial Compression ◽

Rock Fracture ◽

Geothermal System ◽

Reservoir Rocks ◽

Biot’S Coefficient ◽

Wide Range ◽

Simulation Calculation ◽

Temperature And Pressure

This study investigates the influence of temperature, effective stress, and rock fracture on the bulk modulus and Biot’s coefficient of granodiorite from a hot dry rock geothermal reservoir using the triaxial compression test. Three types of representative granodiorite samples were chosen for comparative experiments. The experiments were conducted with 0–55 MPa effective stress under cyclic loading. Results show that bulk modulus can continuously increase with the increase in effective stress at a constant temperature. The influencing law on Biot’s coefficient is opposite that on bulk modulus. Interestingly, the temperature effects on the drained bulk modulus and Biot’s coefficient depend on the effective stress. With regard to rock fractures, temperature and effective stress exert similar effects on the Biot’s coefficients and bulk moduli of the samples compared with those of intact rock. The data of this experiment have a wide range of applications because most of the reservoir rocks in dry-hot-rock geothermal system have lithology of granite or granodiorite. The change law of rock modulus and Biot’s coefficient with the temperature and pressure in this experiment provide the data basis for the future simulation calculation making the considered factors more comprehensive and the results closer to the real situation.

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KLASIFIKASI PETROFISIKA TIPE BATUAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KUALITAS RESERVOAR PASIR SERPIHAN PADA FORMASI TALANG AKAR, CEKUNGAN ONWJ

Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi ◽

10.23960/jge.v4i3.39 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 28-40

Author(s):

Feni Priyanka ◽

Ordas Dewanto ◽

Bagus Sapto Mulyatno ◽

Riezal Ariffiandhany

Keyword(s):

Property Values ◽

Type Method ◽

Reservoir Rocks ◽

Petrophysical Property ◽

Flow Units ◽

A Value ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Porosity And Permeability ◽

Hydraulic Flow Units

Hydrocarbons were accumulated in reservoir, the reservoir has a lot of types depending on the geological conditions and the constituent mineral. In ONWJ basins, sub-basins Arjuna, Talang Akar Formation is sand splintersreservoir type. The presence of clay in a reservoir will reduce the resistivity and increase thesaturation, so it takes a multimineral analysis and the reservoir qualityclassification. In this study, physical properties (porosity, permeability, Rw, and saturation) and the quality of the reservoir can be identified through petrophysical analysis by utilizing log data and core analysis, and the rocktypeprediction(using R35 Winland or HFU method). In this study 5 wells (IX-A1, IX-13, IX-4, IX-7 and IX-8)used and found eight hydrocarbon zones, 6 are validated by the DST (drill steam test)data, androck type method that suitable is the method of HFU (hydraulic flow units) due to the coefficient of correlation between porosity and permeability shows a value of 0.75, based on the calculations, the eight types of rock is conclude, where the dominance of the rock typeis the type 12 with a pore size between 5-10 microns, type reservoir rocks in this study belong to the lithofacies distributary channel and mouthbar sand. By knowing the petrophysical property values, it can determine reservoir productivity and determine the zone eligible to be produced or not, by using curve SMLP (Stratigraphic Modified Lorenz Plot).

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Assessment of technological preparedness coal deposits to a rational industrial development

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185604023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 04023

Author(s):

Marina Pisarenko

Keyword(s):

Industrial Production ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Processing Technologies ◽

Geological Materials ◽

Technological Readiness ◽

Coal Deposits ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Site Use ◽

Production Technologies

In order to ensure the rationality, saving of mineral resources and to encourage subsoil users to improve production and processing technologies, it is proposed to involve deposits estimated as technologically prepared in the industrial development. This assessment, which is understood to be the compliance of industrial production technologies with mining and geological conditions of the deposits, is proposed to be included in the geological materials for the development of the deposits. As an indicator of determining the technological readiness of the site, use the coefficient of technological readiness-the ratio of the volume of outside-balance resource to the total geological reserves.

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TOC Prediction Using Delta Log Resistivity, and Its Distribution in Cyclostratigraphy-INPEFA Trend in “S-Field”, Kutai Basin”

10.29118/ipa21-sg-136 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. B. S. Kembuan

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Source Rock ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Organic Content ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

High Resistivity ◽

Geochemical Analysis ◽

Reservoir Rocks ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Potential Source Rock

S field has unique geological conditions, with a depth of maturity around 800 meters based on geochemical analysis and classified as the shallowest in the Kutai Basin compared to other fields of around 4000 meters. This is caused by this field's geological conditions, which are influenced by the tectonic gravitational force from the north and the lifting of the middle Miocene formation from below. The study aims to have better understanding on the petroleum system using the ∆ Log R to analyse the source rock, to be integrated with the Cyclostratigraphy-INPEFA log to discover which cyclic deposition trend has the higher TOC (total organic carbon) accumulation. Determining the potential source rock with the rich TOC would help the finding of a new prospect reservoir for conventional or unconventional development. ∆ Log R is a practical method for predicting TOC and depth, applied in many fields with success stories. The research focuses on TOC prediction on a delta plain environment with abundant coal source rock using sonic, density, and neutron logs as porosity logs. Because most of the Organic Content is found in Non-Reservoir Rocks, Reservoir Rocks needs to eliminate Log-Gamma Ray as a lithological interpretation. Mature Organic Rocks with a high TOC value and excellent porosity will show high resistivity; this is because Kerogen, which is dominant in shale, validates this TOC prediction for geochemical analysis. Cyclostratigraphy-INPEFA log is generated from a particular formula based on cyclic deposition concept that refers to the orbital change that affects earth insolation. The phenomena cause the sea-level change (eustasy). When the sea level drops (cooling phase), the coarse sediment will be deposited., Whereas the finer sediment will be deposited when the sea-level rises (warming phase). This study shows that predicted TOC accumulation is much higher in the warming phase.

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Meso-Cenozoic negative inversion model for the Linhe Depression of Hetao Basin, China

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756821001138 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Fusheng Yu ◽

Ruifeng Zhang ◽

Jiafu Yu ◽

Yidan Wang ◽

Shuguang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Cretaceous ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Kinematic Model ◽

Seismic Interpretation ◽

Thrust Belt ◽

Key Factors ◽

Analogue Modelling ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Oil Flow ◽

Dip Angle

Abstract The Linhe Depression is the largest tectonic unit in the Hetao Basin. The recently discovered commercial oil flow in the structural trap of wells JH2X and S5 has proved that the Meso-Cenozoic strata in the Linhe Depression have great exploration potential. Research on the kinematic model for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Linhe Depression is important for analysing the geological conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation. In this study, field observations, seismic interpretation and scaled analogue modelling are performed. The results prove that the Linhe Depression experienced different stages of tectonic evolution, such as compressional depression (K1l), conversion from contraction to uniform subsidence (K1g), extensional rifting (E2–N2) and strike-slip deformation (Q), during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic eras. The kinematic model of negative inverted basins was first established with the early differential compression superimposed by the late extension. The seismic interpretation and analogue modelling results show that Jilantai Sag in the southern part of the Linhe Depression was subjected to compression from the Bayanwulashan fold–thrust belt on the NW side and the Helanshan fold–thrust belt on the SE side during Early Cretaceous time. Meanwhile, the Hanghou Sag in the northern part of the Linhe Depression was only compressed by the Langshan fold–thrust belt from the NW direction. The rifted structure generated by the extension from the SE direction during the Cenozoic Era resulted in the negative inversion of the pre-existing thrusts in different patterns. The intensity of negative inversion is controlled by several key factors, such as dip angle and the patterns of thrust faults, along with different basement textures. The morphological changes in the forebulge zone developed during Early Cretaceous time are responsible for the development of the segmented Central fault zones in the Hanghou Sag.

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