scholarly journals Design and Structural Simulations of a Custom Li-Po Accumulator for Low Range, Lightweight, Single-Seater, Open Cockpit, and Open-Wheeled Racecar

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Nitin Khedkar ◽  
Akul Bhatt ◽  
Dhruval Kapadia ◽  
Shantanu Chavan ◽  
Yash Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Vibrational Analysis ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Li Po ◽  
In Series ◽  
Model Equations

Electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles are the future of the automobile industry, and power source design is one of the most crucial steps in designing these vehicles. This paper aims to design and structurally simulate a custom accumulator—which powers an electric vehicle, for a lightweight, single-seater formula-style racecar. The work is dependent on the model-based design and CAD model approach. Mathematical modeling on SCILAB is used to model equations to get the characteristics of the accumulator, such as the energy, capacity, current, voltage, state of charge, and discharge rates. The output of this model gives the configuration of the battery pack as several cells in series and parallel to adequately power the tractive system. An accumulator container is designed to safeguard the cells from external impacts and vibrational loads, which otherwise can lead to safety hazards. Following this, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) performed on the accumulator resulted in maximum peak deformation of 0.56 mm, ensuring the safety check against various external loads. Further, the finer stability of the battery pack was virtually validated after performing the vibrational analysis, resulting in a deformation of 3.5493 mm at a 1760.8 Hz frequency.

scholarly journals Correlation between Defects and Electrical Performances of Ion-Irradiated 4H-SiC p–n Junctions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1966
Author(s):  
Domenico Pellegrino ◽  
Lucia Calcagno ◽  
Massimo Zimbone ◽  
Salvatore Di Franco ◽  
Antonella Sciuto
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
High Fluence ◽  
Defect States ◽  
Exponential Parameter ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
In Series ◽  
Transient Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluence Range

In this study, 4H-SiC p–n junctions were irradiated with 700 keV He+ ions in the fluence range 1.0 × 1012 to 1.0 × 1015 ions/cm2. The effects of irradiation were investigated by current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements, while deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) was used to study the traps introduced by irradiation defects. Modifications of the device’s electrical performances were observed after irradiation, and two fluence regimes were identified. In the low fluence range (≤1013 ions/cm2), I–V characteristics evidenced an increase in series resistance, which can be associated with the decrease in the dopant concentration, as also denoted by C–V measurements. In addition, the pre-exponential parameter of junction generation current increased with fluence due to the increase in point defect concentration. The main produced defect states were the Z1/2, RD1/2, and EH6/7 centers, whose concentrations increased with fluence. At high fluence (>1013 ions/cm2), I–V curves showed a strong decrease in the generation current, while DLTS evidenced a rearrangement of defects. The detailed electrical characterization of the p–n junction performed at different temperatures highlights the existence of conduction paths with peculiar electrical properties introduced by high fluence irradiation. The results suggest the formation of localized highly resistive regions (realized by agglomeration of point defects) in parallel with the main junction.

scholarly journals Mitigating the seismic pounding of multi-story buildings in series using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hytham Elwardany ◽  
Robert Jankowski ◽  
Ayman Seleemah
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Steel Buildings ◽  
Viscous Dampers ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fluid Viscous Dampers ◽  
Adjacent Buildings ◽  
In Series ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Fluid

AbstractSeismic-induced pounding between adjacent buildings may have serious consequences, ranging from minor damage up to total collapse. Therefore, researchers try to mitigate the pounding problem using different methods, such as coupling the adjacent buildings with stiff beams, connecting them using viscoelastic links, and installing damping devices in each building individually. In the current paper, the effect of using linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers to mitigate the mutual pounding between a series of structures is investigated. Nonlinear finite-element analysis of a series of adjacent steel buildings equipped with damping devices was conducted. Contact surfaces with both contactor and target were used to model the mutual pounding. The results indicate that the use of linear or nonlinear dampers leads to the significant reduction in the response of adjacent buildings in series. Moreover, the substantial improvement of the performance of buildings has been observed for almost all stories. From the design point of view, it is concluded that dampers implemented in adjacent buildings should be designed to resist maximum force of 6.20 or 1.90 times the design independent force in the case of using linear or nonlinear fluid viscous dampers, respectively. Also, designers should pay attention to the design of the structural elements surrounding dampers, because considerable forces due to pounding may occur in the dampers at the maximum displaced position of the structure.

Design, Kinematics and Prototype of a Flexible Robot Arm With Planar Springs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Qi ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Lakmal Seneviratne ◽  
Kaspar Althoefer
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Flexible Robot ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Robot Arms ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
In Series ◽  
Fea Simulation

Flexible robot arms have been developed for various medical and industrial applications because of their compliant structures enabling safe environmental interactions. This paper introduces a novel flexible robot arm comprising a number of elastically deformable planar spring elements arranged in series. The effects of flexure design variations on their layer compliance properties are investigated. Numerical studies of the different layer configurations are presented and finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation is conducted. Based on the suspended platform’s motion of each planar spring, this paper then provides a new method for kinematic modeling of the proposed robot arm. The approach is based on the concept of simultaneous rotation and the use of Rodrigues’ rotation formula and is applicable to a wide class of continuum-style robot arms. At last, the flexible robot arms respectively integrated with two different types of compliance layers are prototyped. Preliminary test results are reported.

scholarly journals Parallel Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4697-4700
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Health State ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
In Series ◽  
Electronic Switches ◽  
Sensor Voltage ◽  
Secondary Winding

Battery bank comprises of ‘N’ No. of. Battery pack where the required cells are connected in parallel and each pack will be made to connect both in series and parallel combination to attain a required voltage. Multi Secondary Coaxial Winding Transformer is used to maintain the battery in balanced condition. During charging and discharging of battery, each battery pack is connected to the secondary winding of transformer including Electronic Switches, Temperature Sensor, Voltage & Current Sensor. The voltage, current and temperature sensor is used to measure the parameters of each pack, from which the state of the health, state of the charge and temperature of the battery can be calculated. The voltage induced in the primary side is based on the switching frequency & duty cycle of the MOSFET. To compensate the required voltage needed by the load, a boost converter is connected to the system on the primary side of the system where the transformer will be coupled. The output is connected to the inverter that produces power to drive a BLDC motor.

Characterization and Modeling of Elastomeric Joints in Miniature Compliant Mechanisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana E. Vogtmann ◽  
Satyandra K. Gupta ◽  
Sarah Bergbreiter
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Compliant Mechanisms ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fea Model ◽  
Torsional Spring ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
In Series ◽  
Efficient Exploration

Accurate analysis models are critical for effectively utilizing elastomeric joints in miniature compliant mechanisms. This paper presents work toward the characterization and modeling of miniature elastomeric hinges. Characterization was carried out in the form of several experimental bending tests and tension tests on representative hinges in five different configurations. The modeling portion is achieved using a planar pseudo rigid body (PRB) analytical model for these hinges. A simplified planar 3-spring PRB analytical model was developed, consisting of a torsional spring, an axial spring, and another torsional spring in series. These analytical models enable the efficient exploration of large design spaces. The analytical model has been verified to within an accuracy of 3% error in pure bending, and 7% in pure tension, when compared to finite element analysis (FEA) models. Using this analytical model, a complete mechanism—a robotic leg consisting of four rigid links and four compliant hinges—has been analyzed and compared to a corresponding FEA model and a fabricated mechanism.

Research of Nanometer Positioning Stage With Six Degree of Freedom Based on Binary Actuation Principle

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufeng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Positioning Stage ◽  
In Series ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
New Type ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Development Tendency

To adapt the miniaturized development tendency of nanometer positioning devices, a new type of micro-displacement stage with six degree of freedom, which can implement nanometer-level ultra-precision positioning without feedback control is designed. It takes a group of piezoelectric ceramics actuators (PZTAs) connected in series as actuation unit, takes flexure hinges as elastic guide rail. To overcome the non-linearity and hysteresis of PZTAs, binary actuation principle is adopted to control a group of actuators that work together to output many discrete, repeatable displacements. If these displacements are distributed within a scope of several microns, only simple on and off actuator commands may obtain nanometer-level repeatable positioning without feedback control. Theoretical calculation and finite element analysis (FEA) are used to design and simulate the stage. Expressions of rigidity and stress are obtained by theoretical calculation. FEA and experimental results verify the rationality and feasibility of the stage.

scholarly journals Forward Converter Current Fed Equalizer for Lithium Based Batteries in Ultralight Electrical Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Farzan Moghaddam ◽  
Alex Van den Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Forward Converter ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
In Series ◽  
Forward Converters ◽  
Zero Voltage

In this paper, the concept of a forward balancing technique fed by a buck converter for lithium-based batteries in Electrical Vehicle (EV) applications is investigated. The proposed active topology equalizes eight cells in a series in a battery pack, by using a forward converter for each battery pack and the whole battery packs, using a buck converter. The battery bank consists of four battery packs, which are in series. Therefore, the proposed system will equalize 32 cells in series. In this paper, the proposed circuit employs a single transistor used in a Zero Voltage Switch (ZVS) for the forward converter. In practice, this means a capacitor in parallel with the switch at the same time a demagnetizing of the transformer is obtained. The circuit realizes a low Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and reduces ringing. To overcome the problem of many pins on a coil former, the transformer secondary windings are made by using hairpin winding, on a ring core. It permits, e.g., having eight secondaries and uniform output voltages. Each secondary winding is made by two hairpin turns using two zero-Ohm resistors in series. The proposed topology has less components and circuitry, and it can equalize multiple battery packs by using a single buck converter and several forward converters for each battery pack. Experimental and simulation results are performed to verify the viability of the proposed topology.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Wall Thickness Increase in Pipe Reduction Process Using Planetary Rolls

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1241-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kotani ◽  
Shunsuke Kanai ◽  
Hisaki Watari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Aluminum Pipe

In recent years, global warming has become a worldwide problem. The reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is a top priority for many companies in the manufacturing industry. In the automobile industry as well, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is one of the most important issues. Technology to reduce the weight of automotive parts improves the fuel economy of automobiles, and is an important technology for reducing carbon dioxide. Also, even if this weight reduction technology is applied to electric automobiles rather than gasoline automobiles, reducing energy consumption remains an important issue. Plastic processing of hollow pipes is one important technology for realizing the weight reduction of automotive parts. Ohashi et al. [1-2] present an example of research on pipe formation in which a process was carried out to enlarge a pipe diameter using a lost core, achieving the suppression of wall thickness reduction and greater pipe expansion than hydroforming. In this study, we investigated a method to increase the wall thickness of a pipe through pipe compression using planetary rolls. The establishment of a technology whereby the wall thickness of a pipe can be controlled without buckling the pipe is an important technology for the weight reduction of products. Using the finite element analysis method, we predicted that it would be possible to increase the compression of an aluminum pipe with a 3mm wall thickness by approximately 20%, and wall thickness by approximately 20% by pressing the hollow pipe with planetary rolls.

scholarly journals Identification of Linear and Nonlinear Sensory Processing Circuits from Spiking Neuron Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian Florescu ◽  
Daniel Coca
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Neuron Model ◽  
Linear Filter ◽  
Spiking Neuron ◽  
Neuron Models ◽  
Integrate And Fire ◽  
Spiking Neuron Model ◽  
In Series ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Model Equations

Inferring mathematical models of sensory processing systems directly from input-output observations, while making the fewest assumptions about the model equations and the types of measurements available, is still a major issue in computational neuroscience. This letter introduces two new approaches for identifying sensory circuit models consisting of linear and nonlinear filters in series with spiking neuron models, based only on the sampled analog input to the filter and the recorded spike train output of the spiking neuron. For an ideal integrate-and-fire neuron model, the first algorithm can identify the spiking neuron parameters as well as the structure and parameters of an arbitrary nonlinear filter connected to it. The second algorithm can identify the parameters of the more general leaky integrate-and-fire spiking neuron model, as well as the parameters of an arbitrary linear filter connected to it. Numerical studies involving simulated and real experimental recordings are used to demonstrate the applicability and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document