scholarly journals Impact of Mycorrhizal Fungal Inoculum on the Growth of Fenugreek in Different Soil Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Sana Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Sana Ghafar ◽  
Komal Nawwal ◽  
Sana Ajmal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an aromatic plant that yields secondary metabolites, continuously used for the readiness of food and medicines. The current study is conducted to assess the impact of inoculation of mycorrhiza on the growth of Trigonella foenum-graecum in different soil samples. The current study presents two arrangements of treatment in experimental and control pots. Different soil samples were obtained from different areas for experimental and control pots. In experimental pots, mycorrhiza fungi inoculation is introduced. The six pots were filled with each soil sample. Out of the six pots, three were control pots, and three were inoculated pots. In each pot, 6 kg soil was filled. It was observed that there were more leaves in the experimental (inoculated) pots and fewer in the fenugreek (non-inoculated) pots. The fresh and dry weight of the shoots and roots was taken. However, it was examined that the fresh weight of the shoots and roots of the inoculated pots was more compared to the non-inoculated pots. But the difficulty is seen in the clay control pots of clay soil because of the compactness of the clay soil. It was concluded that fenugreek showed more growth in inoculated pots compared to non-inoculated pots. It was also concluded that mycorrhizal fungal showed symbiotic association with fenugreek plants.

scholarly journals INDUCING SOME SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM CALLUS CULTURES DERIVED FROM Plantago psyllium AND Plantago major EXPOSED TO COBALT STRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 938-943
Author(s):  
S. I. Neamah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Cobalt Metal ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Skoog Medium ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Plantago Psyllium

This experiment was conducted to study the influence of cobalt concentrations on the production of seven flavonoid compounds in callus derived from Plantago psyllium L. and Plantago major L. Results showed that the best combination of 2,4-D and  kinetin concentrations add to Muroshige and Skoog medium to obtain the highest fresh weight of 541.0 mg was 3.0 and 1.0 mg.L-1 respectively. psyllium stimulated callus produced the highest fresh weight of 365.7 mg. The addition of 75 ppm of cobalt resulted in a significantly lower fresh weight of P. psyllium callus (139.8 mg). The interaction between Plantago species and cobalt concentrations was significant. The callus inducted from P. major had significant increases of the scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and luteolin compounds with 26.40, 22.64, 14.93 and 26.20 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The production of the hispidulin compound was increased in P. psyllium at 29.40 µg.100mg-1 dry weight. Also, the addition of cobalt metal stimulated the production of flavonoids at 50 ppm cobalt producing the highest amounts of hispidulin and luteolin at 40.30 and 41.60 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. Meanwhile, 75 ppm cobalt treatment produced the highest amount of scutallarein, apigenin, nepetin and aucubin at 25.61, 23.25, 15.90 and 13.70 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, respectively. The callus inducted from P. major treated with 50 ppm of cobalt showed the highest production of scutallarein, apigenin and luteolin at 30.33, 32.26 and 51.90 µg.100mg-1 dry weight respectively. Baicalein reached 16.46 µg.100mg-1 dry weight, at 75 ppm of cobalt metal treatment in callus inducted from P. psyllium.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Caninae rose shoot tips guarantees biochemical stability and pollination potentialmonitored in four-year-old regenerants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Bożena Pawłowska ◽  
Jarmila Neugebauerova ◽  
Monika Bieniasz ◽  
Bożena Szewczyk-Taranek ◽  
Ivo Ondrasek
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rosa Species

Stability of Rosa agrestis, R. canina, R. dumalis and R. rubiginosa regenerants after shoot tip cryopreservation was monitored with the use of biochemical markers and pollen quality assessment in matured plants cultivated in the field. The results of rosa pollen and hip evaluation revealed no significant differences between post-cryopreserved regenerants and control plants; however, variations in the assessed markers were noted between Rosa species. Analyses of hips confirmed high levels of vitamin C in these plants; the highest was observed in R. dumalis (750–870 mg/100 g fresh weight). High total antioxidant activity (TAC) was as follows: DPPH – 50–250 mM TE/100 dry weight, FRAP – 80–180 mM TE/100 g dry weight. The present study showed a high content of flavonoids (TFC) and phenols (TPC). Post-cryopreserved plants retained pollen specific for Caninae: numerous anthers, abundant pollen, poor pollen germination and viability and typical pollen morphology. This study demonstrates new tools for evaluating the fidelity of post-cryopreserved regenerants.

Germination, Growth, Development, and Control of Camphorweed(Heterotheca subaxillaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Awang ◽  
T. J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Heterotheca Subaxillaris ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
And Control

Germination studies on camphorweed [Heterotheca subaxillaris(Lam.) Britt. & Rusby] revealed that freshly harvested disk achenes germinated best at 17.5 C (88%) while ray achenes were dormant. Camphorweed seed from disk achenes also germinated at temperatures as low as 3 C. Seedlings grown under long-day conditions at 23 C day and 8 C night temperatures for 144 days elongated at the rate of 0.18 cm/day. Plants grown under short-day conditions at the same temperature regime elongated at the rate of 0.06 cm/day. Total leaf surface area, fresh weight, and dry weight of shoots of plants grown under long days were at least 1.5 times greater than plants grown under short day conditions. Camphorweed, regardless of size and age, survived a 2-h exposure at −5 C. All plants in the rosette stage survived at −15 C in the freezer and an overnight temperature of −11.7 C in the field, whereas larger plants were killed at these temperatures. Stage of growth was an important factor in the herbicidal control of camphorweed. Plants in the rosette stage were generally more susceptible to herbicides than older plants. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 3.4 kg/ha, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bypyridinium ion) at 0.6 kg/ha, methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] at 5.0 kg/ha, and a formulated mix of diuron [3–3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] and terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at 4.5 kg/ha provided adequate control of camphorweed in the rosette stage. Asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) at 2.2 or 4.5 kg/ha applied alone did not control camphorweed in the rosette form but was more effective on older plants. Various combinations of these herbicides were generally effective at both stages of growth.

scholarly journals Development of promiscous rhizobia for diverse rabi legumes (Chickpea, Pea and Lentil)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikbal Ikbal ◽  
Mukesh R Jangra ◽  
K. M. Sarim ◽  
V.K. Sikka
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Selectable Markers ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Strict Specificity

Conjugation between microsymbiont was used to create genetic variations in rhizobia for diverse rabi legumes (chickpea, pea and lentil) with better characteristics in nodulation and nitrogen fixation process. Ten antibiotics were used as selectable markers for the screening of twenty four bacterial strains to be used in mating experiments for obtaining transconjugants. All bacterial strains were sensitive to gentamycin and resistant to streptomycin, kanamycin and sulphanilamide. Total five fusants were obtained from each rhizobial cross combination with the help of electro-poration. Modified transconjugants, rhizobial strains had promiscuous infection with 50-122% more nodules showed significant increase in shoot fresh weight, dry weight and total nitrogen content in chickpea, pea and lentil plants. Electrofusantsrhizobial strains improved shoot nitrogen content up to 67% in lentil and 54% in pea and chickpea plants. The amount of nitrogen fixed in chickpea was highest (3.71gm) by transconjugants DP-C6- HLN followed by DP-C6-HP14 (3.56gm). Transconjugants DP-HP14-HLN fixed the highest amount of nitrogen (3.92gm) in pea and 4.06gm in lentil plants. Plasmids were also analyzed in order to characterize their role in the evolution of rhizobial symbionts and their involvement in symbiotic behaviour. The developed Rhizobium strains with improved symbiotic association and ability to infect across strict specificity for host legumes would be of great help for the farming community at large.

scholarly journals Study on the growth and tolerance ability of Polygonum hydropiper L. and Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland on Pb and Cd polluted soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Ha Chu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Lead Recycling ◽  
Clean Contaminated ◽  
The Impact

Two plant species including Polygonum hydropiper L. and Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud.) Gilliland were investigated in their resistance to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) pollution in the soil. Lead-contaminated soil samples were collected from the lead recycling village Dong Mai, Chi Dao commune, Van Lam district, Hung Yen province, Vietnam that had Pb level up to 192,185 mg.kg-1, dry weight (DW). Cadmium-contaminated soil samples were due to supplement of CdCl2.21/2H2O to alluvial soil. Results showed that both species were highly resistant to Pb, however P.hydropiper was better. Similarly, the Cd resistance was higher for P.hydropiper than for H.acutigluma. No morpho-abnormalities of P.hydropiper regarding the impact of lead were recorded, whereas for H.acutigluma, the young leaves had white colour after two months of planting in soil containing lead levels of 192,185 mg.kg-1. The response of both species with Cd in soils included yellowing leaves, withering branches and even dying after 5-15 days exposed to Cd. Lead contents accumulated in above-ground parts of both plants were up to 4,650 and 3,161 mg.kg-1, DW, corresponding to P.hydropiper and H.acutigluma. From the research results on lead resistance and accumulation of two plant species studied, it is suggested that the two species are lead hyperaccumulators can be used for phytoremediation technology to clean contaminated soil.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF LIGHT PENETRATION INTO CANOPY AND SEASONALITY ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC INDICES IN APPLE TREE LEAVES

AGROFOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė SAMUOLIENĖ ◽  
Kristina LAUŽIKĖ ◽  
Nobertas USELIS
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Plant Senescence ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of light penetration into canopy and the effect of distances between technological tools and seasonality on photosynthetic behaviour. Apple tree cultivar ‘Auksis’ was grafted onto superdwarfing rootstock P22 and planted at different distances (from 0,25 m to 1 m in rows, while space between rows was 3 m). Photochemical reflectance and plant senescence reflectance indices were measured at two heights: 1.0 – 1.2 m above ground and 1.8 – 2.0 m above ground; specific leaf area, fresh and dry weight were evaluated from all the canopy. Strong positive correlations were determined between photochemical reflectance index and plant senescence reflectance index in higher and lower levels of the canopy. Strong negative correlations were determined between photochemical reflectance index and plant senescence reflectance index and between specific leaf area and dry and fresh mass ratio. Increasing density between apple trees from 1 m to 0.5 m led to increase in photochemical reflectance index and specific leaf area, but plant senescence reflectance index decreased. Meanwhile, seasonality had significant impact on specific leaf area formation and dry to fresh weight ratio. Dry and fresh weight ratio increased by 5% in autumn compared to summer. Our results indicated that with decreased light penetration into canopy photochemical reflectance index decreased, but plant senescence reflectance index increased. Moreover, in autumn, trees prepare for winter by storing more nutrients and leaves accumulate more dry mass.

scholarly journals Callus Production Protocol for Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.: As a Tool for Extraction of Secondary Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L.C.K. Fonseka ◽  
H.N. Aluthgamage
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Optimized Protocol ◽  
Callus Production

Background: Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. is an important medicinal and a fruit tree belongs to the family Rutaceae possessing numerous valuable secondary metabolites. The growing commercial importance for secondary metabolites has led to a great demand in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. Therefore, an efficient callus production protocol was developed as a tool for extracting valuable secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos.Methods: For seeds, callus induction was observed under three conditions as with seed coat, after removing seed coat and split into two halves after removing seed coat. For callus multiplication, 1cm2 pieces of initiated calli were used. These explants were established in MS medium supplemented with combinations of 2, 4 D either with BAP or Kinetin. All experiments were arranged according to the completely randomized design (CRD) with 20 replicates at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, for a period of 1 year. Percentage of fungal and bacterial contaminations and percentage of bleached explants were observed to select the best explant/s. Percentage of responded explants were observed to select the best condition for callus induction and quality of callus. Growth of callus was observed visually by giving a score. Best hormonal combination for callus multiplication was observed as fresh weight and dry weight of callus produced under each treatment.Result: High quality callus with higher growth was observed in all combinations of BAP and 2, 4 D tested: ranging from 0.5 mgL-1 to 1.5 mgL-1 BAP and 1.0 mgL-1 to 2.0 mgL-1 2,4 D in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Initiated calli were further multiplied in MS medium supplemented with 2,4 D combined with either BAP or Kinetin. Highest amount of callus biomass was recorded in the MS medium with 0.5 mgL-1 2, 4 D and 1.0 mgL-1 Kinetin (132.58 gL-1 fresh weight). The optimized protocol could be used to produce higher amount of callus in order to extract secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos (L).

scholarly journals The Impact of Insect Herbivory in the Level of Cannabinoids in CBD Hemp Varieties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Jackson ◽  
Lenneisha Gilbert ◽  
Tigist Tolosa ◽  
Shellyann Henry ◽  
Victoria Volkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicoverpa Zea ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Herbivore Damage ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In the United States, industrial hemp is defined as a Cannabis sativa L. plant not containing more than 0.3% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (D9THC) by dry weight. Plants respond to insect herbivore damage by changing their chemistry to counter the effects of herbivore attack. Here, we hypothesized that the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) infestation might impact the level of cannabinoids (Cannabidiol (CBD) and D9THC). Results In a laboratory trial, the CBD hemp, Cherry Blossom, and The Wife varieties were subjected to herbivore damage (HD), Mechanical damage (MD), and Control. After 24hrs of the treatments, we found a significant increase in CBD and D9THC in HD plants compared with MD and Control plants. Similar experiments were conducted in the field condition. A substantial increase in CBD and D9THC observed in herbivore damaged hemp plants compared to the control plants. However, in the field trial, the levels of cannabinoids were not significantly higher in The wife variety. Interestingly, the Corn earworm larvae fed with CBD and D9THC spiked diet showed a significant reduction in body mass, as compared to the larvae fed with the control diets.ConclusionsThe level of cannabinoids seems not genetically fixed somewhat; it is affected by insect herbivory. Our results suggest that CBD hemp plants are exposed to insect herbivory spikes in cannabinoid production and surpass the 0.3 % legal limit of D9THC. The growth and development of Corn earworm, the number one hemp pest in North America affected by cannabinoids. The increased concentration of CBD and D9THC observed in herbivore damaged hemp plants might be associated with the direct deterrence of the corn earworm larvae. Further research underway using different hemp varieties to assess if herbivory and other biotic stressors impact the level of cannabinoids.

scholarly journals How Do Rare Earth Elements (Lanthanoids) Affect Root Development and Protocorm-Like Body Formation in Hybrid CYMBIDIUM?

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Hybrid ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOnly few studies in the plant tissue culture literature have examined the impact of lanthanoids, or rare earth elements, on in vitro plant organogenesis. In this study, using a model plant, hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’, the impact of six lanthanoids (lanthanum (III) nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO3)3 · 6H2O), cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3 · 6H2O), neodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Nd(NO3)3 · 6H2O), praseodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Pr(NO3)3 · 6H2O), samarium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Sm(NO3)3 · 6H2O), gadolinium (III) nitrate hexahydrate (Gd(NO3)3 · 6H2O) on new protocorm-like body (neo-PLB) formation on Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium was examined. 0 (control), 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg·dm-3 of each lanthanoid was tested. All lanthanoids could produce more neo-PLBs and neo-PLB fresh weight than TC medium lacking plant growth regulators (PGRs), suggesting some PGR-like ability of lanthanoids, although PLB-related traits (percentage of half-PLBs forming neo-PLBs; number of neo-PLBs formed per half-PLB; fresh weight of half-PLB + neo-PLBs) was always significantly lower than TC medium containing PGRs. Except for Gd, all other lanthanoids had no negative impact on the number of new leaves from neo-PLB-derived shoots, but all lanthanoids showed a significantly lower plant height, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight and, in most cases, SPAD (chlorophyll content) value. In addition, using the same concentration of the six lanthanoids, the ability to fortify root formation of neo-PLB-derived plantlets was also assessed. Except for Sm, all other lanthanoids significantly increased the number of roots, root fresh and dry weight.

scholarly journals Impact of Harvest Time and Pruning Technique on Total CBD Concentration and Yield of Medicinal Cannabis

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Danilo Crispim Massuela ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Sebastian Munz ◽  
Federico Erpenbach ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The definition of optimum harvest and pruning interventions are important factors varying inflorescence yield and cannabinoid composition. This study investigated the impact of (i) harvest time (HT) and (ii) pruning techniques (PT) on plant biomass accumulation, CBD and CBDA-concentrations and total CBD yield of a chemotype III medical cannabis genotype under indoor cultivation. The experiment consisted of four HTs between 5 and 11 weeks of flowering and three PTs-apical cut (T); removal of side shoots (L) and control (C), not pruned plants. Results showed that inflorescence dry weight increased continuously, while the total CBD concentration did not differ significantly over time. For the studied genotype, optimum harvest time defined by highest total CBD yield was found at 9 weeks of flowering. Total CBD-concentration of inflorescences in different fractions of the plant’s height was significantly higher in the top (9.9%) in comparison with mid (8.2%) and low (7.7%) fractions. The T plants produced significantly higher dry weight of inflorescences and leaves than L and C. Total CBD yield of inflorescences for PTs were significantly different among pruned groups, but do not differ from the control group. However, a trend for higher yields was observed (T > C > L).

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