scholarly journals Sex Differences in Cancer-Specific Survival Are Pronounced during Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A SEER Population-Based Study

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
Iyad Sultan ◽  
Justin Z. Amarin ◽  
Razan Mansour ◽  
Hala Sultan ◽  
Maysa Al-Hussaini
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Sex differences in cancer survival may be related to hormonal changes during puberty and menopause; therefore, we investigated sex differences in the cancer-specific survival rates of children, adolescents and young adults (AYAs), and older adults with sex-nonspecific cancers. We interrogated the November 2019 submission of the SEER 18 database and included microscopically confirmed cases of first primary malignant tumors. We stratified the dataset into children (<15 years), AYAs (modified; 15–49 years), and older adults (≥50 years). For each age group, we used the Kaplan–Meier method to estimate the sex-stratified 5-year all-site cancer-specific survival probabilities. Of 3,386,276 eligible patients, 45,124 (1.3%) were children, 548,158 (16.2%) were AYAs, and 2,792,994 (82.5%) were older adults. The 5-year all-site cancer-specific survival probabilities were 84.0% (95% CI, 83.5%–84.5%) for boys, 84.8% (95% CI, 84.3%–85.3%) for girls, 70.4% (95% CI, 70.2%–70.6%) for male AYAs, 80.8% (95% CI, 80.6%–81.0%) for female AYAs, 52.0% (95% CI, 51.9%–52.1%) for older adult men, and 52.2% (95% CI, 52.1%–52.3%) for older adult women. The all-site survival rate for female patients with cancer is markedly higher than for male patients with cancer during adolescence and young adulthood, although this difference diminishes in older adulthood.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Among Frail Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
Brianne Olivieri-Mui ◽  
Sandra Shi ◽  
Ellen McCarthy ◽  
Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Frailty may differentially impact how older adult males and females perceive sexual functioning, an important part of well-being. We assessed the level of frailty (robust, pre-frail, frail) for anyone with data on 11 sexual functioning questions asked in wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, 2010-2011 (n=2060). Questions covered five domains: overall sexual function (OSF), sexual function anxiety (SFA), changes in sexual function (CSF), erectile/vaginal dysfunction (EVD), and masturbation. Logistic regression identified sex differences in frailty and reporting worse sexual functioning. Linear regression predicted the number of domains reported as worse. Among males (n=1057), pre-frailty meant higher odds of reporting SFA (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2-6.6), CSF (OR 1.7 95%CI 1.1-2.7), and EVD (OR 1.5 95%CI 1.0-2.2). Among females (n=1003), there was no difference in reporting by frailty. Females were more likely to report worse OSF (Robust: OR 7.4, 95%CI 4.8-11.4; Pre-frail: OR 6.2, 95%CI 3.9-9.9; Frail: OR 3.4 95%CI 1.7-6.6), but less likely to report SFA (Robust OR .3, 95%CI .2-.5; Pre-frail OR .2, 95%CI .1-.3; Frail OR .2 95%CI .1-.3). Pre-frail and frail females reported fewer domains as worse (Pre-frail coefficient -0.21 SE 0.09, Frail -0.43 SE 0.14). As frailty worsened, males reported more domains as worse (Pre-frail 0.24 SE 0.07, Frail 0.29 SE 0.08). Self-reported sexual functioning differs by sex at all levels of frailty, and reporting by males, but not females, changes with frailty. Providers should be aware that sexual functioning is of importance to both sexes despite varying degrees of frailty.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Atrial Fibrillation and 90-Day Adverse Outcomes among Older Adults with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Youn-Jung Son ◽  
Da-Young Kim ◽  
Mi Hwa Won
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Male And Female

Sex differences in the prognostic impact of coexisting atrial fibrillation (AF) in older patients with heart failure (HF) have not been well-studied. This study, therefore, compared sex differences in the association between AF and its 90-day adverse outcomes (hospital readmissions and emergency room (ER) visits) among older adults with HF. Of the 250 older adult patients, the prevalence rates of coexisting AF between male and female HF patients were 46.0% and 31.0%, respectively. In both male and female older patients, patients with AF have a significantly higher readmission rate (male 46.0%, and female 34.3%) than those without AF (male 6.8%, and female 12.8%). However, there are no significant differences in the association between AF and ER visits in both male and female older HF patients. The multivariate logistic analysis showed that coexisting AF significantly increased the risk of 90-day hospital readmission in both male and female older patients. In addition, older age in males and longer periods of time after an HF diagnosis in females were associated with an increased risk of hospital readmission. Consequently, prospective cohort studies are needed to identify the impact of coexisting AF on short- and long-term outcomes in older adult HF patients by sex.

scholarly journals Stressors and coping mechanisms of older adults teaching in higher education institutions in Manila

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-58
Author(s):  
Elmer G. De Jose
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
And Coping

This study explored the stressors and coping mechanisms of older adults, 60 years old and over, who teach in three state higher education institutions in Manila, Philippines. Descriptive correlation method of research was employed. One hundred eighty-eight were randomly selected from the roster of 356 target participants. The Older Adults Life Stress Inventory was used to identify the severity of stressors as experienced by the respondent senior professionals for the past 3 years along the areas of physical, health, social, family, occupational and financial domains. The Coping Strategy Inventory Short Form 32 was used to determine typical coping strategies that involve problem-solving, cognitive restructuring, express emotions and social contact. Tests of correlation, however, revealed that all the six stressors areas have a significant positive correlation with problem avoidance, wishful thinking, self-criticism and social withdrawal (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses disclosed that older adult men have a greater preponderance to experience stressors than older adult women   Keywords: Older adult professionals, stressors, coping mechanisms, physical-related stressors, health-related stressors, social-related stressors, family-related stressors, occupational stressors, financial stressors.

scholarly journals The Effects of Exercise on the Physical Fitness of High and Moderate-Low Functioning Older Adult Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Christopher Mason ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Joe Nocera
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Low Functioning

Introduction. Understanding how exercise affects individuals with varying levels of functional ability will provide further insight into the role of exercise during the aging process. It will also aid in the development of exercise programs that are appropriate for a wider spectrum of older adults. Specifically it was the primary aim of this study to determine and compare the effects of 10 weeks of community-based exercise on the cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and balance fitness components of older adult women with high and moderate-low levels of physical function.Methods. Participants were placed in either the high functioning (n=13) or moderate/low functioning (n=17) groups based on their level of physical functioning. Fitness components were measured by the Senior Fitness Test and physical function was determined by the Composite Physical Function scale.Results. The results of the 3 × 2 mixed ANOVA statistical analysis showed no significant interaction effect for time ⁎ group for any of the six subtests (chair stand, arm curls, 2-minute step, chair sit-and-reach, back scratch, and 6-foot up-and-go) of the SFT. However, the main effect of time was significant for all fitness components and the main effect of group was significant for all fitness components except lower extremity flexibility.Discussion. Community-based exercise programs offering a variety of exercise types to people with varying levels of functional ability can be useful in maintaining or improving fitness and independence. These programs may also be capable of improving the self-efficacy of lower functioning older adults toward performing daily tasks.

Defining undertreatment and overtreatment in older patients with cancer: A scoping review of the literature.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23020-e23020
Author(s):  
Clark DuMontier ◽  
Kah Poh Loh ◽  
Paul A Bain ◽  
Rebecca A Silliman ◽  
Gregory A. Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Explicit Definition ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Implicit Definitions

e23020 Background: The terms “undertreatment” and “overtreatment” are often used to describe the management of older adults with cancer. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the explicit and implicit definitions associated with the use of these terms. Methods: We searched PubMed (NCBI), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL (EBSCO) for titles and abstracts that included the terms "undertreatment" or "overtreatment" (overtreat OR undertreat OR over treat OR under treat) of older adults with cancer. We included all types of articles, cancers, and treatments. We excluded studies that only included patients younger than 60 years old or studies without a defined focus on older adults. CD and KL independently reviewed a subset of included articles to assess for inter-reviewer reliability. Results: We identified 224 primary and secondary research articles that used the terms “undertreatment” (192), “overtreatment” (72), or both (45) regarding the management of older adults with cancer. Only 14 (6.3%) articles provided an explicit definition; for the remaining articles, we derived the implicit definitions from the terms’ surrounding context. There was substantial agreement between CD and KL in their interpretation of definitions of these terms (kappa 0.81). “Undertreatment” was commonly used to imply less than “standard” therapy (130 articles, 67.7%), or less than “standard” therapy that contributed to worse outcomes (62, 32.3%). Many articles did not account for the underrepresentation of older adults in trials leading to “standard” therapy, and 24 primary studies performed no or limited adjustment for geriatric domains (e.g., function) in their analyses that suggested worse survival in older adults treated with substandard therapy. “Overtreatment” was commonly used to imply cancer treatment in an older adult whose cancer would not have caused symptoms in his/her remaining lifetime (31, 43.1%), or aggressive treatment in whom the harms of treatment outweigh its benefits (41, 56.9%). Conclusions: Nearly all articles used the terms “undertreatment” and/or “overtreatment” without an explicit definition, and we identified variability and limitations in the meanings implied by these terms.

scholarly journals Undernutrition when young and the risk of poor renal function in adulthood in women with diabetes in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110166
Author(s):  
Qiaojing Qin ◽  
Kaili Chang ◽  
Qing Wu ◽  
Weifeng Fan ◽  
Yong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Poor Renal Function ◽  
Exposure Age ◽  
Adolescence And Young Adulthood

Objective To evaluate the effect of undernutrition when young on the risk of poor renal function in adulthood in women with diabetes mellitus. Methods We studied diabetic women born between 1921 and 1958 who were exposed to the 1959-to-1962 Chinese famine when they were 0 to 37 years old. Exposure age was classified as young adulthood (18 to 37 years), adolescence (10 to 17 years), or childhood (0 to 9 years). The Adolescence group, which was provided with the largest amount of food during the famine, was used as the control group, and variance and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results The prevalences of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Childhood, Adolescence, and Young adulthood groups were 5.26%, 22.39%, and 79.24%, respectively. The risk of low eGFR for the Young adulthood group (odds ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10, 2.48), but not for the Childhood group (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.68, 1.78), was higher than that for the Adolescence group after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions Undernutrition during young adulthood significantly increases the risk of renal dysfunction in adult women with diabetes. Therefore, the nutrition of less affluent young women should be improved.

scholarly journals Falls and potential therapeutic interventions among elderly and older adult patients with cancer: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1776-83
Author(s):  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset ◽  
Gopal Nambi ◽  
Shereen H Elsayed ◽  
Ahmad M Osailan ◽  
Marwa M Eid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Incidence Risk

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review for previous publications that have assessed the incidence, risk factors, and favorable procedures to prevent and manage falls among cancer survivors of elderly and older adults. Materials: This systematic review was undertook using PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane Database of clinical studies and systematic reviews to determine the incidence, risk factors, favorable inpatient and outpatient management, and non-pharmacological interventions for falls among elderly and older adult patients with cancer from 2010 to October, 2020. Results: After the comprehensive screening, clinical studies, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and established guidelines were included in this review. Only 5 clinical studies (3 randomized and 2 single-arm studies), 5 systematic reviews, and 6 established guidelines were considered eligible. The five systematic reviews provide risk factors of falls and the 6 guidelines provide assessment & prevention modalities of falls, however, the 6 clinical studies provide the non-pharmacological intervention for falling among cancer survivors. Many factors associated are demonstrated among wide range of elderly individuals.Earlier falls were reliably listed as an important risk factor of falls in the two inpatient and outpatient environments including both general older people and geriatric cancer populations. Conclusions: This review concludes that the assessment of falls among older individuals with cancer is the most important way for determining who could need additional observation and treatment program. Health professions involving physical therapy and occupational therapy have an important function for promoting health well-being in elderly and older adults with cancer. Keywords: Cancer; falls; elderly; older adults, risk factors, intervention.

Predictors of Future Walking Speed: A 12-Month Monitoring Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 009141502110665
Author(s):  
Ayelet Dunsky ◽  
Aviva Zeev ◽  
Yael Netz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The purpose of the current study was to identify significant predictors of walking speed (WS) among community-dwelling older adults, as it is one of the most representative measures of functioning in their daily lives. Seventy-seven (24 adult men, 26 adult women, and 27 older-adult women) community-dwelling older adults (73.7 ± 4.9 years) performed two assessments, over a 12-month period. Several physical, cognitive, and psychological tests were performed, as well as assessing the preferred WS. Multiple linear regression, stratified by gender, was used to identify significant predictors of future WS. For the adult men, walking and functional performances at the first assessment predicted 71.9%; for adult women, reaction time, walking, and balance performance predicted 64.4%; and, for the older-adult women, fast walking and reaction time predicted 48.2% of the variance of future WS. Clinicians should consider including different exercises for each group of older adults to evaluate and preserve functional abilities.

scholarly journals OLDER ADULT WOMEN’S MULTIDIMENSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN SKIPPED GENERATION HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S37-S37
Author(s):  
Mojirayo Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Qualitative Methodologies

Abstract This contribution studies the roles of grandparents in caring for grandchildren in skipped generation households, from gender perspective. Historical studies often focus on health and economic status of older adults generally, without distinguishing older adult women whose responsibilities are often undervalued. Such assessments assume that both grandparents engage in caring for grandchildren, being the joy of old age. Highlighting women’s roles will ensure proper design and implementation of policies to enhance improvement in overall well-being of skipped generation households in Nigeria. The economic value of this is high. Using detailed data from three major states in Nigeria, - Imo, Lagos and Kano (representing each of the major ethnic groups) this study provides a detailed picture of the areas of women’s responsibilities in skipped generation households, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The quantitative study employed structured questionnaire to collect primary data while the qualitative technique employed the use of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The older adult participants are grouped into three; less than sixty five years, between sixty five and eighty and those above eighty years of age. The study reveals that social norms and expectations impact the lives of older adults, ensuring that responsibilities sharing in skipped generation households are strongly impacted by gender roles. The paper concludes that in order to ameliorate the difficulties and challenges faced in performing these roles, governments and other organizations need to put the realities in the skipped generation households into consideration during planning processes.

Rate of cannabis use in older adults with cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002384
Author(s):  
Sahana Rajasekhara ◽  
Diane G Portman ◽  
Young D Chang ◽  
Meghan F Haas ◽  
Anthony L Randich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patients With Cancer

ObjectivesOlder adults with cancer are increasingly inquiring about and using cannabis. Despite this, few studies have examined cannabis use in patients with cancer aged 65 years and older as a separate group and identified characteristics associated with use. The current study sought to determine the rate of cannabis use in older adult patients with cancer and to identify demographic and clinical correlates of use.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients with cancer referred for specialised symptom management between January 2014 and May 2017 who underwent routine urine drug testing for tetrahydrocannabinol as part of their initial clinic visit.ResultsApproximately 8% (n=24) of patients with cancer aged 65 years and older tested positive for tetrahydrocannabinol compared with 30% (n=51) of young adults and 21% (n=154) of adults. At the univariate level, more cannabis users had lower performance status than non-users (p=0.02, Fisher’s exact test). There were no other demographic and clinical characteristics significantly associated with cannabis use in older adults.ConclusionsOlder adult patients made up nearly 25% (n=301) of the total sample and had a rate of cannabis use of 8%. As one of the first studies to assess cannabis use via objective testing rather than self-report, this study adds significantly to the emerging literature on cannabis use in people aged 65 years and older. Findings suggest the rate of use in older adults living with cancer is higher than that among older adults in the general population.

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