scholarly journals Pre-Plant Fumigation of Soils for Nematode Control Affects the Seedling Production and Morphological Properties of Pine and Larch Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Cha ◽  
Kim ◽  
Choi ◽  
Choi ◽  
Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Using a fumigation sterilizer (Dazomet) for nematode control, this study determined the effect of soil sterilization on the quantity and quality of the growth of Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. and Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière seedlings in an open-field nursery at Jeongseon-gun, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea. Most soil nematodes disappeared after fumigant sterilization. The organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, and Mg2+ content of the soil increased significantly, but the electrical conductivity (EC) decreased. The quantity of pine and larch seedlings was highly correlated with the soil nematode density. The soil properties changed due to soil fumigation, which affected the growth of both species. Pine seedling growth was affected by the soil chemical properties, such as available phosphorus (AP), Ca2+, Mg2+, and EC, and the growth of larch seedlings was affected by the EC and nematode density. The quality of the pine seedlings improved, whereas that of larch did not. This was a result of the difference in their tolerance to soil salinity. The seedling quality index (SQI) of the two species was related to the EC, but the pine seedlings were more affected by the EC, indicating that the control of soil nematodes by fumigant treatment significantly increased the quantity of seedlings produced and partly improved their quality. Soil management using a fumigant treatment was more efficient for producing pine seedlings than larch. Our results can be used to improve agricultural and forestry economics.

Crop tree release increased the density of soil nematodes and improved the food web structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Haifeng Yin ◽  
Yu Su ◽  
Xianwei Li ◽  
Chuan Fan ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
The Impact

As a special thinning method, crop tree release (CTR) has a beneficial effect on forest environments and structures by changing forest light, heat, and water. However, the impact of CTR on underground biodiversity remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the composition, diversity, and metabolic footprints of soil nematode communities under three CTR (100, 150, and 200 trees·ha–1) treatments, as well as a no CTR treatment, in Pinus massoniana Lamb. plantations. The results showed that CTR increased the density of soil nematodes (P < 0.05), the number of omnivore–predator nematodes (P < 0.05), and the diversity (H′) of nematodes (P < 0.05) and enriched the food web structure of soil nematodes. In the medium CTR density treatment (150 trees·ha–1), the nematode density and diversity (H′) were the highest (P < 0.05), the number of omnivore–predator nematodes was also the highest (P < 0.05), and the enrichment index and structure index values of the soil nematodes reached the maximum at the depth of 0–10 cm (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that the community structure of soil nematodes became more stable and mature after CTR, which may be attributed to the changes of soil condition, especially soil organic matter, and plant diversity indirectly.

scholarly journals Volatile, Sensory and Functional Properties of HydroSOS Pistachios

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Noguera-Artiaga ◽  
Paola Sánchez-Bravo ◽  
David Pérez-López ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Ángel Calin-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
World Population ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Stem Water

Climate change, the increase in world population, and the intensification of urban and industrial activities, will cause a shortage of water for agriculture. This situation requires conscientious studies to manage water deficits without affecting the quality of the crops. In this study, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies and three rootstocks (P. atlantica, P. integerrima, and P. terebinthus) were applied to pistachio cultivation to study the quality of fruits obtained based on the morphological, functional, aroma, and their sensory properties. The results obtained demonstrated that RDI T1 (during phenological phase II of cultivation the stem water potential was maintained around −1.5 MPa) led to pistachios with same morphological properties, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, volatile composition, sensory properties, better profile of fatty acids, and being the favorite ones for international consumers, as compared to pistachios obtained under full irrigation treatments. On the other hand, when P. integerrima was used, pistachios obtained had the highest weight, the lowest content of sucrose and the best functional properties.

scholarly journals Dietary hybrid phytase and carbohydrases on nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bavaresco ◽  
Everton Luis Krabbe ◽  
Diego Surek ◽  
Edenilse Gopinger ◽  
Fernando Nicolas Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Poultry Diets

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the use of hybrid phytase, alone or combined with carbohydrases, in poultry diets with nutritional reductions of calcium, available phosphorus, and metabolizable energy on the nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens. A total of 1,875 broilers were distributed in five treatments in a completely randomized design, with 15 replicates of 25 chickens each. The treatments consisted of a positive control feed (T1) and of four negative controls (T2 to T5): T1, basal diet (BD) with corn and soybean; T2 and T3, BDs with reductions of 70 and 100 kcal kg-1 metabolizable energy, respectively, and both with reductions of 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P; and T4 and T5, BDs with the same nutritional reductions, but supplemented with enzymes, i.e., T4 = T2 + 500 phytase units (FTU) per kilogram and T5 = T3 + 500 FTU kg-1 + 560 xylanase units (TXU) per kilogram + 250 glucanase units (TGU) per kilogram. The use of 500 FTU kg-1 hybrid phytase in pelleted corn-soybean meal diets allows a good digestive performance by broilers and replaces the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy at 70 kcal kg-1, as well as 0.16% Ca and 0.15% available P.

scholarly journals Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmadi Yusmadi ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Muhammad Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Measuring Ph

The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE) poadABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE) Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB), palatability, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1) Control rations; (2) silage complete ration (SRK); and (3) Hay complete ration (HRK). The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
C.R. Schneider ◽  
M.A. Zambom ◽  
D. Galhardo ◽  
A. Faccenda ◽  
A.S. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.

scholarly journals STUDY ON FIBER FURNISHES AND FIBER MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMONLY USED INDIAN FOOD PACKAGING PAPERS AND PAPERBOARDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
SWATI SOOD ◽  
CHHAYA SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fiber Components ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Dry Fruit

Maintaining the quality of their final paper-based food packaging products at a high and constant level is a key issue for food packaging manufacturers to meet the customer demands. In the present study, in order to analyze the present status of quality of paper-based food packages in India, the fiber furnishes of different common paper- and paperboard-based food packages were studied by the Graff “C” staining test and their fiber morphological properties – by MorFi analysis. The staining test results showed that all the samples contained fiber furnish made either by the chemical or by the mechanical pulping process. Tea bags, dry fruit boxes and egg trays were made of 4 different fiber components, while sugar sachets and juice boxes contained 3 fiber components. It was also observed that all the samples contained hardwood and softwood chemical fibers. MorFi analysis determined the morphological properties of the fibers, including the mean fiber length and width, coarseness, kink angle, kinked fibers %, curl % and fines elements % in total analyzed fibers. The results thus obtained confirmed that both these techniques are very reliable and feasible tools to study the quality of paper-based food packages.

scholarly journals The influence of natural mineral water on the structural and functional changes in the rat kidneys under urolithiasis modelling

2020 ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Mykola KUCHERENKO ◽  
Boris NASIBULLIN ◽  
Elena BOBRO ◽  
Nataliia BADIUK ◽  
Victoria GLUSHCHENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Keywords Urolithiasis

In the experiment on the white Wistar rats, the authors evaluated kidneys changes in urolithiasis modelling (Kidney stone disease, KSD) and the possibility of correcting these changes by internal use of the mineral water (MW) with high organic matter content. The results of the studies revealed structural pathological changes in the kidneys in the form of changes of the part of glomeruli capillaries and gross changes in the kidneys tubules and interstitial layers. At the same time, the functional kidneys activity is manifested in the form of increased urination and a significant increase in urination. Urine metabolic characteristics are also change. The use of MW leads to an improvement in the capillaries of the renal corpuscles structure and almost complete restoration of the tubules structure. The functional activity of the kidneys and the quality of urine have significantly improving. The authors believe that the organic compounds of MW, which mainly determine its biological activity, contribute to the improvement of the regulation of metabolic processes and, accordingly, have a positive effect on the structural and functional parameters of the kidneys.. Keywords: urolithiasis, structural and functional characteristics of the kidneys, mineral water,

Impact of biochar amendment on soil nematode communities in a West African rain-fed rice cropland

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Segun O. Oladele ◽  
Adebayo Adeyemo ◽  
Moses Awodun ◽  
Ajoke Adegaye ◽  
Mariko Ingold
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Group ◽  
West African ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Inorganic Fertiliser ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Summary Nematode population and diversity in a West African rain-fed rice cropland amended with biochar (B), biochar plus inorganic fertiliser (B + NPK), inorganic fertiliser (NPK) and control (CK) without amendments were investigated in a 3-year field study. Results demonstrated that significant differences exist between treatments and years of study for total nematode population and nematode trophic groups. Total nematode density, nematode trophic group (bacterivore and plant-parasitic) density were increased and dominant in B + NPK compared with CK after 3 years. Relative abundance of nematode genera according to trophic group across treatments showed Hirschmanniella (23%) as the dominant plant parasites in NPK, and Heterocephalobus (27%), Aphelenchoides (22%) and Eudorylaimus (9%) as dominant bacterivores, fungivores and omnivores-predators, respectively, in B + NPK. Trophic group indicators showed that the fungivore plus bacterivore to plant-parasitic ratio (73%) was significantly increased by B + NPK treatment in comparison to CK. Conversely, treatments exerted no significant effect on the fungivore to bacterivore ratio (F/B) throughout the period of study, which implies less disturbance and adverse impact of biochar on nematode communities. Apart from treatments and environmental factors, changes in nematode trophic groups were strongly related to soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, which shows their influence on soil nematode community. Our result shows the positive effect of integrated addition of biochar and inorganic fertiliser in balancing nematode diversity and building a resilient soil ecosystem in a low input rain-fed rice cropping system.

scholarly journals Influences of riverbed siltation on redox zonation during bank filtration: a case study of Liao River, Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1489
Author(s):  
Jiamei Wang ◽  
Yumeng Yan ◽  
Jing Bai ◽  
Xiaosi Su
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Riverbed Sediment ◽  
A Site

Abstract The upper part of riverbed sediment is one of the key interfaces between surface water and groundwater, and biogeochemical process in this interface has a profound influence on the chemistry of infiltrated water. The lithology and permeability of bed sediment is mainly controlled by variation in river hydrodynamic conditions. However, there have been few studies of the effect of riverbed siltation on the hydrochemistry and redox reactions of infiltrated water due to the high variability in these processes and challenges associated with sampling. This study selected and examined a river channel near a site of riverbank filtration by drilling on the floating platform and conducting microelectrode testing and high-resolution sampling. The hydrodynamic and chemical characteristics of pore water in and lithologic characteristics of riverbed sediment, the siltation, and redox zone were examined and compared. Differences in hydrodynamic conditions changed the lithology of riverbed sediment, consequently affecting redox reactions during the process of river water infiltration. Variations in siltation changed the residence time of pore water and organic matter content, which ultimately resulted in differences in extension range and intensity of redox reactions. This study provides a valuable reference for understanding the effect of riverbed siltation on water quality of riverbank infiltration.

Factors associated with biological nitrogen fixation in dairy pastures in south-western Victoria

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny A. Riffkin ◽  
Paul E. Quigley ◽  
Gavin A. Kearney ◽  
Fiona J. Cameron ◽  
Robert R. Gault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Western Victoria

A survey of 71 sites was conducted in the dairying districts of south-western Victoria in October 1994 to determine factors associated with nitrogen (N) fixation in white clover based pastures. Twenty-eight factors (environmental, microbiological, management, soil, and pasture) were considered in relation to 2 indicators of N fixation by white clover, %Ndfa (percentage of total plant N derived from the atmosphere, as determined by the 15N natural abundance method) and kg of N fixed per tonne herbage dry matter (legume and non-legume). On light-textured soils (sandy loams), soil potassium, rhizobia numbers, total soil N, and density of the nematode Pratylenchus sp. accounted for 72% of variation in %Ndfa. On medium-textured soils (clay loams), crude protein of perennial ryegrass and plant-available phosphorus in the soil accounted for 30% of variation in %Ndfa. The amount of N fixed was influenced by different factors, again depending on soil texture. Soil chemical properties accounted for 31% variation on the medium-textured soils with nematode density, pasture quality, and soil chemical properties accounting for 77% of variation on light-textured soils. Amounts of N fixed per tonne herbage dry matter produced averaged 8.2 kg on the light-textured soils and 7.3 kg on the medium-textured soils. Average %Ndfa values were 67% and 60% on light- and medium-textured soils, respectively. Effects of soil texture on N fixation were attributed to the different cation exchange and water-holding capacities of the soils and highlight the importance of considering soil type in N fixation studies.

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